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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesRepair Procedures on the KidneyCPT cpt-50431-nephrostogram-ureterogram-contrast-study
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    CPT 50431: Contrast Injection for Nephrostogram or Ureterogram

    Medicare pays $321 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 50431 describes a diagnostic radiologic procedure in which the provider uses an existing access route to inject contrast into the ureter(s) (ureterogram) or kidney (nephrostogram) and performs imaging with radiological supervision and interpretation to evaluate internal structures of the kidneys, renal pelvis, and/or ureters; service type: diagnostic radiology procedure using contrast injection; typical site of service: interventional radiology suite, inpatient radiology department, or outpatient imaging center.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Vafseo (vadadustat) for anemia in CKD on dialysis, Metabolic Disorders - Cysteamine (Oral) Products for Individual and Family Plans, Kerendia (finerenone) — Coverage Criteria.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 68-year-old male with a long-standing left nephrostomy tube presents with decreased urine output from the tube and intermittent flank pain. Prior imaging suggested possible obstruction at the ureteropelvic junction. The interventional radiologist performs a nephrostogram by accessing the existing nephrostomy catheter, instilling radiopaque contrast through the catheter, and obtaining fluoroscopic images of the renal collecting system and ureter to assess catheter patency, detect obstruction, and evaluate for extravasation. The workflow includes review of prior imaging and labs, informed consent, sterile preparation of the access site, contrast injection through the existing nephrostomy or pyelostomy tube, fluoroscopic imaging and interpretation, and documentation of findings and any immediate management recommendations such as tube repositioning or exchange if indicated. Typical site of service is the hospital radiology suite, outpatient radiology or interventional suite, or ambulatory surgical center when clinically appropriate. The service is diagnostic and includes radiological supervision and interpretation.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    50432Concurrent antegrade pyelography with therapeutic manipulation (e.g., balloon dilation, stent placement)Performed when a nephrostogram identifies obstruction that requires immediate antegrade intervention during the same session
    50390Exchange or removal of nephrostomy tube, percutaneous, including imaging guidance when performedPerformed before or after nephrostogram when tube malfunction or malposition is identified and tube exchange/removal is required
    74420Retrograde pyelography, radiological, with or without fluoroscopyAlternative or adjunct imaging study to evaluate ureteral anatomy when antegrade nephrostogram is inconclusive
    76942Ultrasonic guidance for needle placement (diagnostic)Used when ultrasound guidance is required to assist access or repositioning of nephrostomy catheter prior to contrast study
    74240Urography, radiologic, intravascular contrast, excretory (pyelogram series)Related radiographic study of the urinary tract that may be performed as part of comprehensive imaging evaluation

    Related Modifiers

    10 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    77Modifier 77 indicates that a previously performed procedure or service was legitimately repeated by a different physician or other qualified health care professional. The AMA’s CPT definition…- Use modifier 77 when a basic procedure or service already performed is repeated by a different physician or other qualified health care professional (for example, a second provider independently…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    79Modifier 79 indicates a surgical procedure performed during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery that is unrelated to the original procedure. Per AMA/CPT and CMS guidance, it is…- Use modifier 79 when the same physician (or same‑specialty physician in the same group) performs a surgical procedure during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery and the new procedure…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    207P00000X
    363A00000X
    208D00000X
    174400000X
    1710I1002X
    1835C0205X
    111NN1001X
    207R00000X

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    22 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    N10Acute pyelonephritis
    N12Tubulo-interstitial nephritis, not specified as acute or chronic
    N13.6Pyonephrosis
    N13.8Other obstructive and reflux uropathy
    N13.9Obstructive and reflux uropathy, unspecified
    N20.0Calculus of kidney
    N20.1Calculus of ureter
    N20.2Calculus of kidney with calculus of ureter
    N25.9Disorder resulting from impaired renal tubular function, unspecified
    N26.9Renal sclerosis, unspecified

    Showing 1–10 of 22

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Nephrology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Vafseo (vadadustat) for anemia in CKD on dialysisCigna2026-08-15
    Metabolic Disorders - Cysteamine (Oral) Products for Individual and Family PlansCigna2026-08-15
    Kerendia (finerenone) — Coverage CriteriaBlue Cross Blue Shield - Iowa2026-08-05
    Voyxact (sibeprenlimab-szsl) — Prior authorization / medical necessity for primary IgA nephropathyColorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01
    Oxlumo (lumasiran) and Rivfloza (nedosiran) — Coverage Criteria (Ohio)Colorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01
    Korsuva (difelikefalin) — Medical Benefit Drug Coverage Criteria (Ohio)Colorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01
    Complement Inhibitors - EmpaveliCigna2026-08-01
    Tolvaptan (Jynarque)Cigna2026-08-01
    Nephrology - Filspari (sparsentan) coverageCigna2026-08-01
    Rivfloza (nedosiran) prior authorization for PH1UnitedHealthcare2026-08-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-50400-PYELOPLASTY-URETEROPELVIC-JUNCTION-REPAIR

    CPT 50400: Pyeloplasty, Ureteropelvic Junction Reconstruction

    CPT-50405-PYELOPLASTY-URETEROPELVIC-JUNCTION-RECONSTRUCTION

    CPT 50405: Pyeloplasty to Reconstruct Ureteropelvic Junction

    CPT-50430-PERCUTANEOUS-URETEROGRAM-NEPHROSTOGRAM-DIAGNOSTIC

    CPT 50430: Percutaneous Ureterogram/Nephrostogram with Contrast

    CPT-50432-PERCUTANEOUS-NEPHROSTOMY-WITH-IMAGING-GUIDANCE

    CPT 50432: Percutaneous Nephrostomy Catheter Placement with Imaging

    CPT-50433-PERCUTANEOUS-NEPHROSTOMY-IMAGE-GUIDED-RENAL-DRAINAGE

    CPT 50433: Percutaneous Nephrostomy Catheter Placement

    CPT-50434-PERCUTANEOUS-NEPHROSTOMY-TO-NEPHROURETERAL-CONVERSION

    CPT 50434: Image-Guided Nephrostomy to Nephroureteral Catheter Conversion

    CPT-50435-PERCUTANEOUS-NEPHROSTOMY-CATHETER-EXCHANGE-IMAGE-GUIDANCE

    CPT 50435: Percutaneous Nephrostomy Catheter Exchange with Imaging

    CPT-50500-KIDNEY-WOUND-SUTURE-REPAIR

    CPT 50500: Kidney Wound Suture

    CPT-50520-NEPHROCUTANEOUS-PYELOCUTANEOUS-FISTULA-CLOSURE

    CPT 50520: Nephrocutaneous and Pyelocutaneous Fistula Closure

    CPT-50525-RENAL-FISTULA-CLOSURE-ABDOMINAL-APPROACH

    CPT 50525: Closure of Renal Fistula, Abdominal Approach

    Showing 1–10 of 12

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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