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    OpenPayerBilling CodesIntroduction Procedures on the Biliary TractCPT cpt-47538-percutaneous-biliary-stent-placement
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    CPT 47538: Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Stent Placement

    Medicare pays $3659 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 47538 describes percutaneous transhepatic placement of a biliary stent through an existing percutaneous access, including cholangiography, fluoroscopic and/or ultrasound guidance, duct dilation with balloon catheter as needed, and catheter removal or exchange; this is an image-guided interventional biliary procedure typically performed by interventional radiology in an outpatient interventional suite or hospital radiology department.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Field Stimulation for Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders, Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Coverage Policy, Radiofrequency Therapy for Fecal Incontinence.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 68-year-old patient with obstructive jaundice from malignant distal biliary stricture presents with progressive cholestatic liver function test abnormalities, pruritus, and intermittent fevers. The patient previously underwent percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) with an indwelling external biliary catheter placed for decompression. Over time the catheter requires exchange and definitive internalization. The interventional radiology team schedules a percutaneous transhepatic biliary stent placement through the existing percutaneous access to convert external drainage to internal drainage and maintain long-term bile duct patency. Pre-procedure workflow includes review of prior imaging (CT/MRCP), coagulation assessment, informed consent, and antibiotic prophylaxis per institutional protocol. Procedural workflow: patient placed supine in IR suite, conscious sedation or general anesthesia as indicated, cholangiography performed through the existing percutaneous tract under fluoroscopic guidance to delineate stricture length and anatomy, dilation of the stricture with balloon catheter if needed, placement and deployment of a self-expanding or balloon-expandable biliary stent across the obstruction, confirmation cholangiogram to document bile flow, possible removal or exchange of the external catheter, and radiological supervision and interpretation documented. Post-procedure care includes monitoring for bleeding, bile leak, infection, and imaging or labs to confirm decompression; discharge instructions include stent surveillance and signs of complications.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    47538Placement of stent(s) in the bile duct through an existing percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage tract; includes cholangiography, imaging guidance, dilation, and catheter removal/exchange, including radiological supervision and interpretation.Primary procedure described.
    47531Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, diagnostic; including cholangiography and opacification of biliary tree.Performed before or during stent placement to define anatomy and guide intervention.
    47532Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (external) with insertion of catheter for biliary decompression.Often a prior step when external catheter was placed initially; may be exchanged or removed during stent placement.
    76000Fluoroscopic guidance for needle placement (e.g., biliary access)Used for imaging guidance during percutaneous access or interventions when billed separately.
    76937Ultrasound guidance for vascular or non-vascular percutaneous proceduresMay be used adjunctively for initial percutaneous access to the liver/biliary system.
    74240Transcatheter placement of intravascular stent; biliary — (note: alternative codes for stent placement in some specialties)Related stent placement technology and coding context when device-specific coding applies.

    Related Modifiers

    9 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    66Modifier 66 (Surgical Team) is used when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons on a single, highly complex procedure. The AMA defines it for use when a surgical team — often composed of…- Use modifier 66 when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons working collaboratively as a surgical team on a single, highly complex or difficult procedure (for example organ…
    73Modifier 73 indicates a facility-level outpatient hospital or ASC procedure that was discontinued after the patient was prepared and taken to the procedure/operating room but before any anesthesia…- When to use: Apply CPT modifier 73 on the FACILITY (outpatient hospital or ASC) claim when the patient has been fully prepared and physically taken into the procedure/operating room but the…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    80CPT® Modifier 80 (Assistant Surgeon) is appended to a surgical CPT code when a physician (MD or DO) provides full, continuous assistance throughout the operative procedure. It is intended only for…- Use CPT Modifier -80 when a physician (MD or DO) serves as an assistant surgeon and provides full, continuous assistance throughout the entire operative procedure; append -80 to the surgical CPT…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    207T00000X
    208U00000X
    208000000X
    363L00000X
    207L00000X
    2865X1600X
    3336M0002X
    207LH0002X

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    29 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    E87.1Hypo-osmolality and hyponatremia
    I85.00Esophageal varices without bleeding
    I85.01Esophageal varices with bleeding
    K22.4Dyskinesia of esophagus
    K29.70Gastritis, unspecified, without bleeding
    K55.9Vascular disorder of intestine, unspecified
    K65.0Generalized (acute) peritonitis
    K80.10Calculus of gallbladder with chronic cholecystitis without obstruction
    K80.11Calculus of gallbladder with chronic cholecystitis with obstruction
    K80.20Calculus of gallbladder without cholecystitis without obstruction

    Showing 1–10 of 29

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Gastroenterology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Field Stimulation for Functional Abdominal Pain Disordersbcbsvermont2026-12-01
    Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Coverage Policyevicore2026-11-05
    Radiofrequency Therapy for Fecal IncontinenceCigna2026-10-15
    Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    High-Resolution Anoscopy (HRA)Premera Bluecross2026-10-01
    Gastroesophageal and Gastrointestinal (GI) Services and ProceduresColorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-10-01
    Fecal Analysis in the Diagnosis of Intestinal Dysbiosis and Fecal Microbiota Transplant TestingOscar Health2026-10-01
    Serum Testing for Hepatic Fibrosis in the Evaluation and Monitoring of Chronic Liver DiseaseOscar Health2026-10-01
    Pancreatic Enzyme Testing for Acute PancreatitisOscar Health2026-10-01
    Helicobacter pylori TestingOscar Health2026-10-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-47490-PERCUTANEOUS-GALLBLADDER-DRAINAGE-CATHETER-PLACEMENT

    CPT 47490: Percutaneous Gallbladder Catheter Placement

    CPT-47531-PERCUTANEOUS-CHOLANGIOGRAPHY-INJECTION-IMAGE-GUIDED

    CPT 47531: Percutaneous Cholangiography Injection, Image-Guided

    CPT-47532-PERCUTANEOUS-CHOLANGIOGRAPHY-NEW-ACCESS-CONTRAST-INJECTION

    CPT 47532: Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography with Contrast Injection

    CPT-47533-PERCUTANEOUS-BILIARY-DRAINAGE-EXTERNAL

    CPT 47533: Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage with Imaging

    CPT-47534-PERCUTANEOUS-BILIARY-DRAINAGE-IMAGE-GUIDED

    CPT 47534: Percutaneous Biliary Drainage with Cholangiography

    CPT-47535-PERCUTANEOUS-CONVERSION-INTERNAL-EXTERNAL-BILIARY-DRAINAGE

    CPT 47535: Percutaneous Conversion to Internal–External Biliary Drainage

    CPT-47536-PERCUTANEOUS-BILIARY-CATHETER-EXCHANGE-CONVERSION

    CPT 47536: Percutaneous Biliary Drainage Catheter Exchange/Conversion

    CPT-47537-BILIARY-CATHETER-REMOVAL-IMAGE-GUIDANCE-CHOLANGIOGRAPHY

    CPT 47537: Percutaneous Removal of Biliary Drainage Catheter

    CPT-47539-PERCUTANEOUS-BILIARY-STENT-PLACEMENT

    CPT 47539: Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Stent Placement

    CPT-47540-PERCUTANEOUS-BILIARY-STENT-AND-DRAINAGE-CATHETER-PLACEMENT

    CPT 47540: Percutaneous Biliary Stent Placement with Drainage Catheter

    Showing 1–10 of 14

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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