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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesEndoscopy Procedures on the RectumCPT cpt-45307-proctosigmoidoscopy-lower-gi-endoscopy
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    CPT 45307: Proctosigmoidoscopy of Rectum and Sigmoid Colon

    Medicare pays $244 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 45307 describes a physician-performed lower gastrointestinal proctosigmoidoscopy, a diagnostic endoscopic procedure of the rectum and sigmoid colon; service type: endoscopic diagnostic procedure; typical site of service: outpatient endoscopy suite or ambulatory surgical center (including same-day procedure rooms).

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Field Stimulation for Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders, Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Coverage Policy, Radiofrequency Therapy for Fecal Incontinence.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient is an adult presenting to an outpatient gastrointestinal clinic or ambulatory surgery center with rectal bleeding, change in bowel habits, or distal lower abdominal pain. The patient has undergone pre-procedure evaluation including medical history, medication review (antithrombotics addressed), informed consent, and bowel preparation focused on the distal colon and rectum. The physician performs a diagnostic proctosigmoidoscopy using a rigid or flexible sigmoidoscope to visualize the rectum and sigmoid colon up to approximately 25–60 cm. Procedures commonly include inspection for hemorrhoids, fissures, inflammatory changes, or distal neoplasia; targeted biopsies; and limited therapeutic maneuvers such as lavage or foreign body removal. Typical workflow: pre-procedure assessment and consent, positioning and limited sedation or local anesthetic per protocol, insertion and advancement of the scope to the intended depth, documentation of findings and photo or video capture as applicable, performance of biopsies or minor treatments if indicated, recovery and post-procedure instructions, and documentation of pathology follow-up if biopsies obtained.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    45307Proctosigmoidoscopy, rigid or flexible, with or without biopsy, up to 25 cmThis is the primary code describing the diagnostic lower GI proctosigmoidoscopy procedure.
    45380Sigmoidoscopy, flexible; diagnostic, with or without collection of specimen(s) by brushings or washingPerformed when full flexible sigmoidoscopy beyond limited proctosigmoidoscopy is required for additional distal colon evaluation.
    45378Flexible sigmoidoscopy, including diagnostic, with biopsy, single or multipleUsed when biopsies are performed during a flexible sigmoidoscopy; may be reported when extent or technique differs.
    45385Sigmoidoscopy, rigid, diagnostic; with removal of foreign bodyReported when rigid sigmoidoscopy is used specifically to remove a rectal foreign body.
    45309Proctosigmoidoscopy with anoscopyReported when concurrent anoscopy is performed and documentation supports separate identifiable services.
    99152Moderate sedation services provided by the same physician performing the procedure (initial 15 minutes)Report sedation billing when moderate sedation is furnished by the same physician and payer allows separate reporting.

    Related Modifiers

    12 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    23Modifier -23 (Unusual Anesthesia) is used on anesthesia service CPT codes when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia…- Use modifier -23 only on anesthesia CPT codes (00100–01999) when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia because of…
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    54Modifier ‑54 (“Surgical care only”) is appended to a CPT surgical procedure when the reporting surgeon performs the intraoperative (surgical) component but does not furnish the preoperative and/or…- Use modifier -54 when the reporting surgeon provided only the intraoperative (surgical) component of a procedure and preoperative and/or postoperative management has been or will be provided by…
    56Modifier ‑56 indicates the reporting provider furnished only the preoperative management for a surgical procedure and did not perform the intraoperative or postoperative care. It is used in…- Use Modifier -56 when a provider performs only the preoperative management in a split‑care situation (one physician manages preop care while a different physician performs the intraoperative…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    66Modifier 66 (Surgical Team) is used when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons on a single, highly complex procedure. The AMA defines it for use when a surgical team — often composed of…- Use modifier 66 when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons working collaboratively as a surgical team on a single, highly complex or difficult procedure (for example organ…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…

    Showing 1–10 of 12

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    208000000X
    207RC0000X
    207L00000X
    2086S0122X
    176B00000X
    167G00000X
    156F00000X
    2084N0600X

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    27 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    K50.919Crohn's disease, unspecified, with unspecified complications
    K51.919Ulcerative colitis, unspecified with unspecified complications
    K52.1Toxic gastroenteritis and colitis
    K52.9Noninfective gastroenteritis and colitis, unspecified
    K57.10Diverticulosis of small intestine without perforation or abscess without bleeding
    K57.11Diverticulosis of small intestine without perforation or abscess with bleeding
    K57.12Diverticulitis of small intestine without perforation or abscess without bleeding
    K57.13Diverticulitis of small intestine without perforation or abscess with bleeding
    K57.20Diverticulitis of large intestine with perforation and abscess without bleeding
    K57.30Diverticulosis of large intestine without perforation or abscess without bleeding

    Showing 1–10 of 27

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Gastroenterology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Field Stimulation for Functional Abdominal Pain Disordersbcbsvermont2026-12-01
    Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Coverage Policyevicore2026-11-05
    Radiofrequency Therapy for Fecal IncontinenceCigna2026-10-15
    Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    High-Resolution Anoscopy (HRA)Premera Bluecross2026-10-01
    Gastroesophageal and Gastrointestinal (GI) Services and ProceduresColorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-10-01
    Fecal Analysis in the Diagnosis of Intestinal Dysbiosis and Fecal Microbiota Transplant TestingOscar Health2026-10-01
    Serum Testing for Hepatic Fibrosis in the Evaluation and Monitoring of Chronic Liver DiseaseOscar Health2026-10-01
    Pancreatic Enzyme Testing for Acute PancreatitisOscar Health2026-10-01
    Helicobacter pylori TestingOscar Health2026-10-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-45300-PROCTOSIGMOIDOSCOPY-RIGID-DIAGNOSTIC

    CPT 45300: Diagnostic Proctosigmoidoscopy with Rigid Proctoscope

    CPT-45303-PROCTOSIGMOIDOSCOPY-WITH-STRICTURE-DILATION

    CPT 45303: Proctosigmoidoscopy with Stricture Dilation

    CPT-45305-PROCTOSIGMOIDOSCOPY-WITH-BIOPSY

    CPT 45305: Proctosigmoidoscopy with Biopsy

    CPT-45308-PROCTOSIGMOIDOSCOPIC-LESION-REMOVAL

    CPT 45308: Proctosigmoidoscopy with Removal of Single Lesion

    CPT-45309-PROCTOSIGMOIDOSCOPY-SNARE-EXCISION-LESION

    CPT 45309: Proctosigmoidoscopy with Snare Polypectomy

    CPT-45315-PROCTOSIGMOIDOSCOPIC-POLYPECTOMY-MULTIPLE-LESIONS

    CPT 45315: Proctosigmoidoscopy with Multiple Lesion Removal

    CPT-45317-PROCTOSIGMOIDOSCOPY-WITH-HEMOSTASIS

    CPT 45317: Therapeutic Proctosigmoidoscopy for Hemorrhage Control

    CPT-45320-PROCTOSIGMOIDOSCOPIC-LESION-ABLATION

    CPT 45320: Proctosigmoidoscopic Ablation of Lesion

    CPT-45321-PROCTOSIGMOIDOSCOPIC-DECOMPRESSION-SIGMOID-VOLVULUS

    CPT 45321: Proctosigmoidoscopic Decompression of Volvulus

    CPT-45327-PROCTOSIGMOIDOSCOPIC-STENT-PLACEMENT-FOR-RECTAL-SIGMOID-STRICTURE

    CPT 45327: Proctosigmoidoscopy with Stent Placement

    Showing 1–10 of 39

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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