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CPT 44701: Colon Irrigation During Colectomy or Large Intestine Repair

CPT code 44701 represents intraoperative colon irrigation performed during a primary colectomy or repair of a perforated large intestine. This code documents the act of irrigating the colon until the returning fluid is clear and is billed in conjunction with operative procedures involving partial or total excision of the large intestine or repair of intestinal perforation. Nationally, accurate coding of intraoperative adjunctive services like colon irrigation affects surgical documentation, operative quality tracking, and facility/service-level billing.

Key payers in the grant of coverage and reimbursement contexts include Aetna, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cigna Health, UnitedHealthcare, and Medicare. Readers will find a concise overview of the clinical context and service setting for 44701, guidance on where this service is commonly performed, and a summary of which major payers are considered in the analysis. The publication highlights benchmark and policy-relevant topics such as service inclusion with principal colectomy procedures, documentation expectations, and typical surgical workflow considerations. Data not available in the input is noted where relevant.

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Billing Code Overview

CPT code 44701 describes intraoperative irrigation of the colon performed during a primary procedure involving a colectomy or repair of a perforation of the large intestine. The service consists of washing out the colon until the irrigating fluid returns clear as part of the operative management of the large intestine.

Service type: Surgical intraoperative procedure

Typical site of service: Inpatient or outpatient operating room during colectomy or large intestine repair

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CPT 44701: Colon Irrigation During Colectomy or Large Intestine Repair

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Billing Code Overview

Service type: Surgical intraoperative procedure

Typical site of service: Inpatient or outpatient operating room during colectomy or large intestine repair

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

A 67-year-old male with a history of diverticulitis presents with acute abdominal pain, fever, and signs of peritonitis. Imaging demonstrates a perforation of the sigmoid colon with localized contamination. The patient is taken to the operating room for an exploratory laparotomy and a partial colectomy (sigmoid colectomy) with primary resection and anastomosis. During the primary procedure the surgeon performs intraluminal irrigation of the colon until the effluent returns clear to reduce fecal contamination prior to anastomosis. Typical care team interactions include preoperative assessment by the surgeon and anesthesiologist, intraoperative nursing and scrub tech support, and postoperative monitoring in the PACU and surgical ward. The procedure is documented in the operative report with indication, extent of resection, description of the irrigation technique, volume and type of irrigant, confirmation that the irrigant returned clear, and any intraoperative complications. Billing uses 44701 reported in the operative CPT list for the irrigation performed as part of the primary colectomy procedure.

Coding Specifications

Modifier	Description	When to Use
`22`	Increased procedural services	Use when work, time, and complexity substantially exceed typical for the colectomy with irrigation and documentation supports increased work.
`23`	Unusual anesthesia	Use when general anesthesia is not used but an unusual circumstance requires anesthesia not normally required.
`26`	Professional component	Use if only the surgeon’s professional component is reported separate from facility charges (rare for operative codes).
`50`	Bilateral procedure	Use when bilateral colectomy-related procedures are performed and payer requires bilateral modifier reporting (rare for colectomy).
`52`	Reduced services	Use when the irrigation is started but discontinued or not completed as normally described.
`53`	Discontinued procedure	Use if the colectomy with irrigation was begun but terminated for patient-related or intraoperative reasons prior to completion.
`54`	Surgical care only	Use when reporting the surgeon’s operative portion separate from pre/postoperative care when global days are split.
`55`	Postoperative management only	Use when the surgeon bills only for postoperative care after another provider performed the operation.
`62`	Two surgeons	Use when two surgeons work together as primary surgeons performing distinct portions of the colectomy and irrigation.
`63`	Procedure performed on infants less than 4 kg	Use when the patient meets this age/weight-specific circumstance (unusual for adult colectomy).
`66`	Surgical team	Use when a surgical team is involved and payer requires team reporting for the colectomy and associated irrigation.
`78`	Unplanned return to OR	Use when patient returns to the operating room for related procedure during the global period (e.g., for re-exploration after initial irrigation/resection).
`80`	Assistant surgeon	Use when an assistant surgeon provides substantial assistance during the colectomy and irrigation and billing requires reporting.
`AS`	Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, clinical nurse specialist	Use when an advanced practice clinician bills under their own NPI for allowable portions of the perioperative care associated with the procedure.

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
`207K00000X`	General Surgery	Primary specialty performing colectomy with intraoperative irrigation.
`207L00000X`	Colon and Rectal Surgery	Specialists frequently perform complex colectomies and perforation repairs.
`2080P0015X`	Surgical Oncology	Performs colectomy when malignancy is the indication.
`208D00000X`	Anesthesiology	Provides intraoperative anesthesia management during colectomy.
`363A00000X`	Acute Care Nurse Practitioner	May assist in perioperative management and billing where applicable.

Related Diagnoses

ICD-10 Code	Description	Clinical Relevance
`K63.1`	Perforation of intestine (nontraumatic)	Represents bowel perforation leading to contamination and need for colectomy with intraoperative irrigation.
`K57.20`	Diverticulitis of large intestine without perforation or abscess, unspecified site	Diverticulitis can progress to perforation or require partial colectomy; irrigation may be performed intraoperatively.
`K57.32`	Diverticulitis of large intestine with perforation and abscess, left lower quadrant	Left-sided diverticular disease with perforation is a common indication for sigmoid colectomy and irrigation.
`K91.4`	Postoperative intestinal obstruction	May be an operative indication or postoperative complication in patients undergoing colectomy; irrigation may be part of intraoperative management.
`C18.9`	Malignant neoplasm of colon, unspecified	Colon cancer requiring partial colectomy where intraoperative irrigation may be performed to reduce contamination risk.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`44140`	Colectomy, partial; with anastomosis	Common primary procedure that may include intraoperative colon irrigation as described by `44701`.
`44143`	Colectomy, partial; with colostomy or ileostomy	Performed when diversion is required; irrigation may be performed prior to creating stoma or anastomosis.
`44204`	Laparoscopy, surgical; colectomy, partial, with anastomosis	Minimally invasive colectomy where irrigation may be performed laparoscopically or via open assistance.
`49002`	Drainage of peritoneal abscess, percutaneous, under radiological guidance	May be performed preoperatively to manage contamination before definitive colectomy and intraoperative irrigation.
`44625`	Closure of enterostomy, large intestine	Performed later in the care continuum after diversion; prior intraoperative irrigation may have been performed during the original colectomy.

CPT 44700: Small Bowel Barrier Placement to Protect Pelvis

CPT-44705-DONOR-STOOL-SCREENING-AND-PREPARATION-FOR-INSTILLATION

CPT 44705: Donor Stool Screening and Preparation for Instillation

CPT-44715-INTESTINAL-GRAFT-PREPARATION-SUPERIOR-MESENTERIC-VESSELS

CPT 44715: Small Intestine Graft Preparation for Transplantation

CPT-44720-SMALL-INTESTINE-PREPARATION-FOR-ANASTOMOSIS

CPT 44720: Small Intestine Preparation for Anastomosis

CPT-44721-SMALL-INTESTINE-PREPARATION-ARTERY-ANASTOMOSIS

CPT 44721: Preparation of Harvested Small Intestine for Arterial Anastomosis

CPT-44799-UNLISTED-INTESTINAL-PROCEDURE

CPT 44799: Unlisted Intestinal Procedure

Frequently Asked Questions

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.

Published by

Trek Health powers OpenPayer with a leading commercial payer intelligence platform, seamlessly converting fragmented payer data into actionable insights for provider organizations.

Trek Health ingests and normalizes Transparency in Coverage data and payer policy updates to give provider organizations a clear view of how commercial reimbursement behaves across markets, payers, and services. Our platform transforms raw payer disclosures into structured intelligence that supports contract evaluation, payer negotiations, and service line strategy. By combining market benchmarks with ongoing policy visibility, Trek helps teams identify variability, risk, and opportunity in commercial reimbursement. The result is faster insight, stronger negotiating positions, and more informed financial decisions.

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Modifier	Description	When to Use
`22`	Increased procedural services	Use when work, time, and complexity substantially exceed typical for the colectomy with irrigation and documentation supports increased work.
`23`	Unusual anesthesia	Use when general anesthesia is not used but an unusual circumstance requires anesthesia not normally required.
`26`	Professional component	Use if only the surgeon’s professional component is reported separate from facility charges (rare for operative codes).
`50`	Bilateral procedure	Use when bilateral colectomy-related procedures are performed and payer requires bilateral modifier reporting (rare for colectomy).
`52`	Reduced services	Use when the irrigation is started but discontinued or not completed as normally described.
`53`	Discontinued procedure	Use if the colectomy with irrigation was begun but terminated for patient-related or intraoperative reasons prior to completion.
`54`	Surgical care only	Use when reporting the surgeon’s operative portion separate from pre/postoperative care when global days are split.
`55`	Postoperative management only	Use when the surgeon bills only for postoperative care after another provider performed the operation.
`62`	Two surgeons	Use when two surgeons work together as primary surgeons performing distinct portions of the colectomy and irrigation.
`63`	Procedure performed on infants less than 4 kg	Use when the patient meets this age/weight-specific circumstance (unusual for adult colectomy).
`66`	Surgical team	Use when a surgical team is involved and payer requires team reporting for the colectomy and associated irrigation.
`78`	Unplanned return to OR	Use when patient returns to the operating room for related procedure during the global period (e.g., for re-exploration after initial irrigation/resection).
`80`	Assistant surgeon	Use when an assistant surgeon provides substantial assistance during the colectomy and irrigation and billing requires reporting.
`AS`	Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, clinical nurse specialist	Use when an advanced practice clinician bills under their own NPI for allowable portions of the perioperative care associated with the procedure.

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
`207K00000X`	General Surgery	Primary specialty performing colectomy with intraoperative irrigation.
`207L00000X`	Colon and Rectal Surgery	Specialists frequently perform complex colectomies and perforation repairs.
`2080P0015X`	Surgical Oncology	Performs colectomy when malignancy is the indication.
`208D00000X`	Anesthesiology	Provides intraoperative anesthesia management during colectomy.
`363A00000X`	Acute Care Nurse Practitioner	May assist in perioperative management and billing where applicable.

Related Diagnoses

ICD-10 Code	Description	Clinical Relevance
`K63.1`	Perforation of intestine (nontraumatic)	Represents bowel perforation leading to contamination and need for colectomy with intraoperative irrigation.
`K57.20`	Diverticulitis of large intestine without perforation or abscess, unspecified site	Diverticulitis can progress to perforation or require partial colectomy; irrigation may be performed intraoperatively.
`K57.32`	Diverticulitis of large intestine with perforation and abscess, left lower quadrant	Left-sided diverticular disease with perforation is a common indication for sigmoid colectomy and irrigation.
`K91.4`	Postoperative intestinal obstruction	May be an operative indication or postoperative complication in patients undergoing colectomy; irrigation may be part of intraoperative management.
`C18.9`	Malignant neoplasm of colon, unspecified	Colon cancer requiring partial colectomy where intraoperative irrigation may be performed to reduce contamination risk.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`44140`	Colectomy, partial; with anastomosis	Common primary procedure that may include intraoperative colon irrigation as described by `44701`.
`44143`	Colectomy, partial; with colostomy or ileostomy	Performed when diversion is required; irrigation may be performed prior to creating stoma or anastomosis.
`44204`	Laparoscopy, surgical; colectomy, partial, with anastomosis	Minimally invasive colectomy where irrigation may be performed laparoscopically or via open assistance.
`49002`	Drainage of peritoneal abscess, percutaneous, under radiological guidance	May be performed preoperatively to manage contamination before definitive colectomy and intraoperative irrigation.
`44625`	Closure of enterostomy, large intestine	Performed later in the care continuum after diversion; prior intraoperative irrigation may have been performed during the original colectomy.

CPT 44700: Small Bowel Barrier Placement to Protect Pelvis

CPT-44705-DONOR-STOOL-SCREENING-AND-PREPARATION-FOR-INSTILLATION

CPT 44705: Donor Stool Screening and Preparation for Instillation

CPT-44715-INTESTINAL-GRAFT-PREPARATION-SUPERIOR-MESENTERIC-VESSELS

CPT 44715: Small Intestine Graft Preparation for Transplantation

CPT-44720-SMALL-INTESTINE-PREPARATION-FOR-ANASTOMOSIS

CPT 44720: Small Intestine Preparation for Anastomosis

CPT-44721-SMALL-INTESTINE-PREPARATION-ARTERY-ANASTOMOSIS

CPT 44721: Preparation of Harvested Small Intestine for Arterial Anastomosis

CPT-44799-UNLISTED-INTESTINAL-PROCEDURE

CPT 44799: Unlisted Intestinal Procedure

Frequently Asked Questions

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.

Published by

Trek Health powers OpenPayer with a leading commercial payer intelligence platform, seamlessly converting fragmented payer data into actionable insights for provider organizations.

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CPT 44701: Colon Irrigation During Colectomy or Large Intestine Repair

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Billing Code Overview

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CPT 44701: Colon Irrigation During Colectomy or Large Intestine Repair

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Billing Code Overview

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

References

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

References

CPT 44701: Colon Irrigation During Colectomy or Large Intestine Repair

Sign up for cpt 44701 policy alerts

Billing Code Overview

CPT 44701: Colon Irrigation During Colectomy or Large Intestine Repair

Sign up for cpt 44701 policy alerts

Billing Code Overview

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

What service does CPT 44701 describe and when is it reported?

What operative documentation is expected to support billing 44701?

Which primary procedures is 44701 commonly reported with?

What modifiers are commonly relevant when billing 44701 and when are they used?

Which specialties commonly perform or are involved in procedures with 44701, and which payers are noted in the summary?

References

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

What service does CPT 44701 describe and when is it reported?

What operative documentation is expected to support billing 44701?

Which primary procedures is 44701 commonly reported with?

What modifiers are commonly relevant when billing 44701 and when are they used?

Which specialties commonly perform or are involved in procedures with 44701, and which payers are noted in the summary?

References