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    OpenPayerBilling CodesRepair Procedures on the EsophagusCPT cpt-43320-lower-esophagus-upper-stomach-repair-open-surgery
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    CPT 43320: Plastic Repair of Lower Esophagus and Upper Stomach

    Medicare pays $1316 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 43320 describes a surgical procedure performing a plastic repair of the lower esophagus and upper stomach (fundoplication/antireflux repair) via an incision in the abdomen or chest, classified as an open surgical repair; typical service type is surgical procedure and typical site of service is operating room, inpatient or outpatient surgical setting.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Field Stimulation for Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders, Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Coverage Policy, Radiofrequency Therapy for Fecal Incontinence.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient is a 52-year-old with symptomatic hiatal hernia and severe gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) refractory to medical therapy who presents for elective surgical repair. Preoperative evaluation includes upper endoscopy, esophagram, and esophageal manometry to assess anatomy and motility. The surgeon plans an open or transthoracic approach for plastic repair of the lower esophagus and upper stomach when minimally invasive repair is contraindicated due to prior abdominal surgery, dense adhesions, complex paraesophageal hernia, or intraoperative findings requiring conversion. The clinical workflow includes preoperative optimization, informed consent, general anesthesia, intraoperative placement of nasogastric tube for decompression, reduction of herniated stomach, cruroplasty and fundoplication or gastropexy as indicated, hemostasis, and layered closure. Postoperative care includes pain control, respiratory support as needed, early ambulation, diet advancement from clear liquids to soft diet, and outpatient follow-up for symptom assessment and imaging if persistent dysphagia or leak is suspected. Typical sites of service are the hospital operating room or ambulatory surgical center when the patient meets ASC criteria. Service type: major surgical procedure (open trunk surgery). Typical patient scenario: elective or urgent open repair of a complex hiatal hernia or refractory GERD where thoracic or abdominal incision is required to reconstruct the esophagogastric junction.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    43235Upper GI endoscopy, diagnostic, flexible, transoral; with biopsy, single or multipleOften performed preoperatively to evaluate esophagitis, Barrett's, or obtain biopsies before 43320.
    43280Endoscopic placement of percutaneous gastrostomy tube, without imagingAlternative or adjunct when postoperative enteral access is required; may be performed prior to or after 43320.
    43239Upper endoscopy with dilation of esophagus, other than by balloonMay be performed pre- or postoperatively to manage strictures related to the repair.
    43180Panendoscopy and esophagoscopy, rigid or flexible, diagnosticMay be used intraoperatively or preoperatively for airway and esophageal evaluation.
    43202Endoscopic balloon dilation of the esophagusUsed for postoperative dysphagia management when indicated after 43320.
    44120Enterectomy, resection of small intestine; single resection and anastomosisExample of an additional abdominal procedure that might be billed concurrently when multiple intra-abdominal operations are performed with 43320.

    Related Modifiers

    13 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    23Modifier -23 (Unusual Anesthesia) is used on anesthesia service CPT codes when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia…- Use modifier -23 only on anesthesia CPT codes (00100–01999) when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia because of…
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    51Modifier –51 (Multiple Procedures) is used when the same provider performs multiple procedures in the same session to identify secondary, non‑exempt procedures and indicate payment reduction logic…- Use modifier -51 when the same provider performs multiple distinct procedures during the same patient encounter: report the highest‑valued procedure first (no modifier) and append -51 to…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    63Modifier‑63 is appended to surgical CPT codes (20000–69990) when a procedure is performed on a neonate or infant weighing ≤ 4 kg (about 8.8 lbs). The AMA/AAPC definition specifies this use and notes…- Use modifier -63 only for surgical procedures in the CPT 20000–69990 series performed on a neonate or infant who weighs ≤ 4 kg at the time of the procedure; it indicates increased complexity due to…

    Showing 1–10 of 13

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    207L00000X
    208600000X
    207K00000X
    208800000X
    1835N1003X
    276400000X
    3336M0003X
    1223P0221X

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Gastroenterology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Field Stimulation for Functional Abdominal Pain Disordersbcbsvermont2026-12-01
    Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Coverage Policyevicore2026-11-05
    Radiofrequency Therapy for Fecal IncontinenceCigna2026-10-15
    Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    High-Resolution Anoscopy (HRA)Premera Bluecross2026-10-01
    Gastroesophageal and Gastrointestinal (GI) Services and ProceduresColorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-10-01
    Fecal Analysis in the Diagnosis of Intestinal Dysbiosis and Fecal Microbiota Transplant TestingOscar Health2026-10-01
    Serum Testing for Hepatic Fibrosis in the Evaluation and Monitoring of Chronic Liver DiseaseOscar Health2026-10-01
    Pancreatic Enzyme Testing for Acute PancreatitisOscar Health2026-10-01
    Helicobacter pylori TestingOscar Health2026-10-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-43300-ESOPHAGEAL-RECONSTRUCTION-CERVICAL-APPROACH

    CPT 43300: Esophageal Repair or Reconstruction via Cervical Incision

    CPT-43305-ESOPHAGEAL-REPAIR-CERVICAL-APPROACH-TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL-FISTULA-REPAIR

    CPT 43305: Esophageal Repair via Cervical Approach

    CPT-43310-ESOPHAGEAL-RECONSTRUCTION-THORACOTOMY

    CPT 43310: Esophageal Repair or Reconstruction via Thoracotomy

    CPT-43312-ESOPHAGEAL-RECONSTRUCTION-TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL-FISTULA-REPAIR

    CPT 43312: Esophageal Reconstruction and Tracheoesophageal Fistula Repair

    CPT-43313-CONGENITAL-ESOPHAGEAL-RECONSTRUCTION-THORACOTOMY

    CPT 43313: Repair of Congenital Esophageal Defect via Thoracotomy

    CPT-43314-CONGENITAL-ESOPHAGEAL-REPAIR-THORACOTOMY

    CPT 43314: Reconstruction of Congenital Esophageal Defect via Thoracotomy

    CPT-43325-DISTAL-ESOPHAGUS-REPAIR-WITH-FUNDIC-PATCH

    CPT 43325: Repair of Distal Esophagus with Fundic Patch

    CPT-43327-FUNDOPLASTY-OPEN-FUNDOPLICATION-ABDOMINAL-APPROACH

    CPT 43327: Partial or Complete Fundoplasty, Abdominal Approach

    CPT-43328-THORACIC-FUNDOPLASTY-FUNDOPLICATION-CHEST-APPROACH

    CPT 43328: Partial or Complete Fundoplasty via Thoracic Incision

    CPT-43330-ESOPHAGEAL-REPAIR-ABDOMINAL-APPROACH

    CPT 43330: Open Abdominal Esophageal Repair (Flap Creation and Suturing)

    Showing 1–10 of 30

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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