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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesRepair Procedures on the EsophagusCPT cpt-43310-esophageal-reconstruction-thoracotomy
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    CPT 43310: Esophageal Repair or Reconstruction via Thoracotomy

    Medicare pays $1408 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 43310 describes surgical plastic repair or reconstruction of an esophageal defect performed via a chest incision (thoracotomy); this is a thoracic surgical procedure typically provided in an inpatient hospital or thoracic surgery operating room setting for structural esophageal defects (procedure excludes tracheoesophageal fistula repair).

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Field Stimulation for Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders, Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Coverage Policy, Radiofrequency Therapy for Fecal Incontinence.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient is an adult presenting with an iatrogenic or traumatic esophageal defect identified after thoracic surgery, penetrating injury, or progressive esophageal necrosis. The patient may present with chest pain, subcutaneous emphysema, sepsis, fever, dysphagia, or pleural effusion. Diagnostic workup commonly includes chest computed tomography (CT) with contrast, esophagram (contrast swallow study), and esophagoscopy to localize and characterize the defect.

    Preoperative workflow includes airway assessment, optimization of hemodynamics and infection control, broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics, and consent detailing the thoracotomy and esophageal reconstruction. In the operating room, the thoracic surgeon performs a chest incision (thoracotomy) to expose the esophagus, debrides devitalized tissue, and performs plastic repair or reconstruction of the esophageal defect which may include primary closure, patch reinforcement, or interposition of vascularized tissue. Intraoperative esophagoscopy may be used to confirm repair integrity. Postoperative care includes chest tube management, enteral nutrition via jejunostomy or nasojejunal tube as indicated, serial imaging or contrast swallow to confirm healing, and monitoring for leaks, mediastinitis, or recurrent fistula. Typical inpatient recovery occurs in a monitored surgical ward or intensive care unit for complex cases.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    32551Tube thoracostomy, includes water seal (eg, for pleural drainage)May be performed preoperatively or postoperatively to manage pleural contamination or effusion associated with an esophageal leak.
    43280Endoscopic placement of esophageal stent (fluoroscopic or endoscopic)May be used as an adjunct or temporizing measure for esophageal leaks or strictures before or after definitive surgical repair.
    43235Esophagoscopy, flexible, diagnostic, including collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing, when performedPerformed intraoperatively or preoperatively to evaluate the defect and confirm repair integrity.
    49440Insertion of tunneled intraperitoneal catheter, revision or replacement (jejunal feeding access may be coded differently)Enteral access procedures such as jejunostomy or gastrostomy for postoperative nutrition often accompany esophageal reconstruction.
    39501Repair of traumatic thoracic esophageal injury via thoracotomy (example related thoracic repair codes)Related thoracic surgical codes for management of traumatic esophageal injury that may be performed in the same clinical setting.

    Related Modifiers

    11 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    23Modifier -23 (Unusual Anesthesia) is used on anesthesia service CPT codes when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia…- Use modifier -23 only on anesthesia CPT codes (00100–01999) when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia because of…
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    51Modifier –51 (Multiple Procedures) is used when the same provider performs multiple procedures in the same session to identify secondary, non‑exempt procedures and indicate payment reduction logic…- Use modifier -51 when the same provider performs multiple distinct procedures during the same patient encounter: report the highest‑valued procedure first (no modifier) and append -51 to…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    63Modifier‑63 is appended to surgical CPT codes (20000–69990) when a procedure is performed on a neonate or infant weighing ≤ 4 kg (about 8.8 lbs). The AMA/AAPC definition specifies this use and notes…- Use modifier -63 only for surgical procedures in the CPT 20000–69990 series performed on a neonate or infant who weighs ≤ 4 kg at the time of the procedure; it indicates increased complexity due to…
    66Modifier 66 (Surgical Team) is used when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons on a single, highly complex procedure. The AMA defines it for use when a surgical team — often composed of…- Use modifier 66 when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons working collaboratively as a surgical team on a single, highly complex or difficult procedure (for example organ…

    Showing 1–10 of 11

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    208800000X
    207P00000X
    207L00000X
    207ZC0006X
    246RH0600X
    281PC2000X
    1223P0700X
    261QR0405X

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Gastroenterology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Field Stimulation for Functional Abdominal Pain Disordersbcbsvermont2026-12-01
    Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Coverage Policyevicore2026-11-05
    Radiofrequency Therapy for Fecal IncontinenceCigna2026-10-15
    Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    High-Resolution Anoscopy (HRA)Premera Bluecross2026-10-01
    Gastroesophageal and Gastrointestinal (GI) Services and ProceduresColorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-10-01
    Fecal Analysis in the Diagnosis of Intestinal Dysbiosis and Fecal Microbiota Transplant TestingOscar Health2026-10-01
    Serum Testing for Hepatic Fibrosis in the Evaluation and Monitoring of Chronic Liver DiseaseOscar Health2026-10-01
    Pancreatic Enzyme Testing for Acute PancreatitisOscar Health2026-10-01
    Helicobacter pylori TestingOscar Health2026-10-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-43300-ESOPHAGEAL-RECONSTRUCTION-CERVICAL-APPROACH

    CPT 43300: Esophageal Repair or Reconstruction via Cervical Incision

    CPT-43305-ESOPHAGEAL-REPAIR-CERVICAL-APPROACH-TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL-FISTULA-REPAIR

    CPT 43305: Esophageal Repair via Cervical Approach

    CPT-43312-ESOPHAGEAL-RECONSTRUCTION-TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL-FISTULA-REPAIR

    CPT 43312: Esophageal Reconstruction and Tracheoesophageal Fistula Repair

    CPT-43313-CONGENITAL-ESOPHAGEAL-RECONSTRUCTION-THORACOTOMY

    CPT 43313: Repair of Congenital Esophageal Defect via Thoracotomy

    CPT-43314-CONGENITAL-ESOPHAGEAL-REPAIR-THORACOTOMY

    CPT 43314: Reconstruction of Congenital Esophageal Defect via Thoracotomy

    CPT-43320-LOWER-ESOPHAGUS-UPPER-STOMACH-REPAIR-OPEN-SURGERY

    CPT 43320: Plastic Repair of Lower Esophagus and Upper Stomach

    CPT-43325-DISTAL-ESOPHAGUS-REPAIR-WITH-FUNDIC-PATCH

    CPT 43325: Repair of Distal Esophagus with Fundic Patch

    CPT-43327-FUNDOPLASTY-OPEN-FUNDOPLICATION-ABDOMINAL-APPROACH

    CPT 43327: Partial or Complete Fundoplasty, Abdominal Approach

    CPT-43328-THORACIC-FUNDOPLASTY-FUNDOPLICATION-CHEST-APPROACH

    CPT 43328: Partial or Complete Fundoplasty via Thoracic Incision

    CPT-43330-ESOPHAGEAL-REPAIR-ABDOMINAL-APPROACH

    CPT 43330: Open Abdominal Esophageal Repair (Flap Creation and Suturing)

    Showing 1–10 of 30

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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