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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesIncision Procedures on the Accessory SinusesCPT cpt-31070-trephination-frontal-sinus-opening
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    CPT 31070: Frontal Sinus Trephination

    Medicare pays $457 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 31070 describes trephination of the frontal sinus, a surgical procedure that punctures the skull to create an opening into the frontal sinus for drainage or access; service type: surgical procedure of the paranasal sinuses; typical site of service: inpatient or outpatient operating room or procedure suite involving otolaryngology or neurosurgical settings.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Office-based Laryngeal Procedures, Injectable Dermal Fillers and Bulking Agents (for New Mexico Only), Injectable Dermal Fillers and Bulking Agents (for Kentucky Only).

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient is an adult presenting to the emergency department or otolaryngology clinic with acute frontal sinusitis complicated by frontal sinus mucocele, subperiosteal abscess, or refractory frontal sinus obstruction with intolerable pain and risk of intracranial extension. The patient often has a history of persistent frontal headache, fever, purulent nasal discharge, and focal tenderness over the frontal sinus. Imaging (CT of the sinuses) demonstrates frontal sinus opacification, air-fluid level, or bony erosion suggesting retained infection or mucocele. Initial management includes IV antibiotics, nasal decongestants, and analgesia. When conservative therapy fails or there is a localized abscess or need for immediate drainage, the surgical team performs trephination of the frontal sinus (31070) to create a small opening through the frontal bone for drainage and irrigation. The procedure typically occurs in an operating room or procedure suite under local anesthesia with sedation or general anesthesia depending on patient factors and concurrent procedures. Post-procedure care includes sinus irrigation, culture of purulent material, short course IV or oral antibiotics, wound care, and follow-up with otolaryngology to plan definitive endoscopic frontal sinusotomy if indicated.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    31276Endoscopic sinus surgery, frontal sinusotomy; with dilation of frontal recessOften performed after initial drainage or as a definitive procedure to restore frontal sinus drainage and ventilation.
    31267Nasal/sinus endoscopy, surgical, with removal of tissue from frontal recess or opening frontal sinus via endoscopeMay be performed in the same session or subsequent definitive surgery to address disease not fully managed by trephination.
    69210Removal of impacted cerumen requiring instrumentation, unilateral or bilateral (placeholder)Data not available in the input.
    31000Paracentesis, tympanic membrane (placeholder)Data not available in the input.
    12020Repair of superficial wounds of scalp, neck, hands, feet, and external genitalia; 2.5 cm or lessMay be used for closure of small scalp incisions created for trephination if a separate closure is billed.

    Related Modifiers

    11 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    23Modifier -23 (Unusual Anesthesia) is used on anesthesia service CPT codes when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia…- Use modifier -23 only on anesthesia CPT codes (00100–01999) when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia because of…
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    51Modifier –51 (Multiple Procedures) is used when the same provider performs multiple procedures in the same session to identify secondary, non‑exempt procedures and indicate payment reduction logic…- Use modifier -51 when the same provider performs multiple distinct procedures during the same patient encounter: report the highest‑valued procedure first (no modifier) and append -51 to…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    80CPT® Modifier 80 (Assistant Surgeon) is appended to a surgical CPT code when a physician (MD or DO) provides full, continuous assistance throughout the operative procedure. It is intended only for…- Use CPT Modifier -80 when a physician (MD or DO) serves as an assistant surgeon and provides full, continuous assistance throughout the entire operative procedure; append -80 to the surgical CPT…

    Showing 1–10 of 11

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    207Y00000X
    207L00000X
    208600000X
    2084P0800X
    251V00000X
    364SE1400X
    207VG0400X
    1835P1300X

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Otorhinolaryngology (ENT)1 / 2

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Office-based Laryngeal ProceduresPremera Bluecross2026-10-06
    Injectable Dermal Fillers and Bulking Agents (for New Mexico Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-10-01
    Injectable Dermal Fillers and Bulking Agents (for Kentucky Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-10-01
    Hearing Aids and Devices Including Wearable, Bone-Anchored, and Semi-Implantable (for Indiana Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-10-01
    Otoacoustic Emissions Testing (for Oxford Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-10-01
    Injectable Dermal Fillers and Bulking AgentsUnitedHealthcare2026-10-01
    Injectable Dermal Fillers and Bulking AgentsUnitedHealthcare2026-10-01
    Sinus Surgeries and Interventions (for North Carolina Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-10-01
    Injectable Dermal Fillers and Bulking Agents (for Nebraska Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-10-01
    Injectable Dermal Fillers and Bulking Agents (for Kansas Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-10-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-31000-MAXILLARY-SINUS-WASHOUT-IRRIGATION

    CPT 31000: Maxillary Sinus Irrigation (Antral Washout)

    CPT-31002-SPHENOID-SINUS-IRRIGATION-FLEXIBLE-CANNULA

    CPT 31002: Sphenoid Sinus Irrigation with Flexible Cannula

    CPT-31020-MIDDLE-MEATAL-SINUSOTOMY-INTRANASAL-SINUSOTOMY

    CPT 31020: Middle Meatal Sinusotomy, Intranasal Approach

    CPT-31030-MAXILLARY-ANTRUM-MUCOSAL-REMOVAL-NASOANTRAL-WINDOW

    CPT 31030: Radical Antral Mucosal Resection with Nasoantral Window

    CPT-31032-MAXILLARY-ANTROSTOMY-POLYPECTOMY

    CPT 31032: Maxillary Antrostomy with Polypectomy

    CPT-31040-PTERYGOMAXILLARY-FOSSA-SURGERY

    CPT 31040: Surgery of the Pterygomaxillary Fossa

    CPT-31050-SPHENOID-SINUS-INCISION-BIOPSY

    CPT 31050: Sphenoid Sinus Incision with Possible Biopsy

    CPT-31051-SPHENOID-SINUS-MUCOSA-STRIPPING-POLYPECTOMY

    CPT 31051: Sphenoid Sinus Incision with Polyp Removal or Mucosal Stripping

    CPT-31075-FRONTAL-SINUS-EXCISION-TRANSORBITAL-APPROACH

    CPT 31075: Frontal Sinus Excision via Orbital Approach

    CPT-31080-FRONTAL-SINUS-OBLITERATION-EXTERNAL-APPROACH

    CPT 31080: Frontal Sinus Obliteration via Sub-brow Incision

    Showing 1–10 of 16

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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