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CPT 29860: Diagnostic Hip Arthroscopy with Synovial Biopsy

CPT code 29860 denotes a diagnostic hip arthroscopy with inspection of intra-articular tissues and, when indicated, biopsy of synovial lining for laboratory analysis. This code is used when arthroscopic evaluation is performed to identify causes of hip pain and restricted motion, and when tissue sampling is required to establish or confirm a diagnosis. Nationally, the code matters for properly reporting minimally invasive diagnostic procedures that can guide subsequent therapeutic strategies and inform surgical planning.

Key payers included in this overview are Aetna, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cigna Health, UnitedHealthcare, and Medicare. Readers will find a concise explanation of the clinical context and typical settings for the service, along with what to expect in benchmarking and reimbursement discussions for hip arthroscopy procedures. The publication summarizes common billing considerations, typical sites of service, and the clinical rationale for obtaining synovial biopsy during arthroscopy.

The report is organized to help clinicians, coding professionals, and policy stakeholders understand where CPT code 29860 fits into care pathways, the procedural intent, and the types of documentation that support the service. Data not available in the input is noted where relevant.

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Billing Code Overview

CPT code 29860 describes a diagnostic arthroscopy of the hip joint in which the provider inspects the intra-articular structures for sources of pain and limited motion. The procedure may include obtaining a biopsy of the synovial tissue for laboratory analysis and pathologic diagnosis.

Service type: Diagnostic arthroscopy with synovial biopsy
Typical site of service: Hospital operating room or ambulatory surgery center

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CPT 29860: Diagnostic Hip Arthroscopy with Synovial Biopsy

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Sign up for cpt 29860 policy alerts

Get alerted when payer policies referencing 29860 are released or updated.

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Billing Code Overview

Service type: Diagnostic arthroscopy with synovial biopsy
Typical site of service: Hospital operating room or ambulatory surgery center

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

A 45-year-old recreational athlete presents with several months of progressive groin pain, mechanical catching, and limitation of internal rotation in the right hip despite conservative management. Physical exam shows positive impingement signs and limited range of motion. MRI demonstrates labral fraying and synovial hypertrophy without advanced osteoarthritis. The orthopedic surgeon schedules a right hip arthroscopy under general anesthesia with diagnostic inspection of intra-articular structures and selective synovial biopsy for persistent synovitis.

The clinical workflow includes preoperative evaluation and informed consent, anesthesia and intraoperative sterile setup in an ambulatory surgery center or hospital operating room, arthroscopic portal placement, systematic inspection of the femoral head–acetabular cartilage, labrum, ligamentum teres, and synovium, selective synovial tissue sampling when indicated, specimen submission to pathology, arthroscopic management of identified pathology as indicated (e.g., debridement or labral repair as separate coded procedures), closure, and post-anesthesia recovery with discharge instructions and pathology follow-up.

Coding Specifications

Modifier	Description	When to Use
`22`	Increased procedural services	Use when work required is substantially greater than typical for the arthroscopy (document reasons and increased work).
`23`	Unusual anesthesia	Use if surgery was performed under general anesthesia because of extenuating circumstances that require unusual anesthesia care.
`26`	Professional component	Use if reporting only the surgeon's professional component separate from technical facility charges (rare for operative CPT).
`51`	Multiple procedures	Use when arthroscopy is reported with additional distinct procedure(s) during the same operative session.
`52`	Reduced services	Use if the procedure was started but not completed as planned (aborted or substantially reduced).
`53`	Discontinued procedure	Use when the procedure is terminated due to extenuating circumstances after anesthesia induction.
`59`	Distinct procedural service	Use to indicate a separate and distinct procedure or service when applicable (avoid unbundling).
`62`	Two surgeons	Use when two surgeons work together as primary surgeons performing distinct portions of the procedure.
`78`	Return to OR for related procedure during postoperative period	Use when patient returns to the OR for a related procedure during the global period.
`80`	Assistant at surgery	Use when an assistant surgeon provides assistance at the procedure.
`RT`	Right side	Use to indicate the procedure was performed on the right hip.
`LT`	Left side	Use to indicate the procedure was performed on the left hip.
`AS`	Ambulatory surgery center facility	Use to denote the ASC facility setting when applicable.

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
207XS0100X	Orthopaedic Surgery	Primary specialty performing hip arthroscopy and synovial biopsy.
2080P0206X	Sports Medicine (Orthopaedic)	Orthopaedic sports medicine specialists commonly perform hip arthroscopy for impingement and labral pathology.
2084P0800X	Orthopedic Surgery of the Hip	Subspecialty or focused taxonomy for hip procedures and arthroscopy.
207LP2900X	Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation	May be involved in pre/postoperative care but not primary proceduralists.
1835S0112X	Physician Assistant	Common mid-level provider involved in perioperative care and follow-up.

Related Diagnoses

ICD-10 Code	Description	Clinical Relevance
`M25.551`	Pain in right hip	Common presenting symptom prompting diagnostic hip arthroscopy and synovial evaluation.
`M25.552`	Pain in left hip	As above, for left-sided presentations.
`M24.251`	Other spontaneous disruption of right hip joint	May present with mechanical symptoms leading to arthroscopy for evaluation.
`M24.252`	Other spontaneous disruption of left hip joint	As above for left side.
`M65.861`	Idiopathic focal synovitis, right hip	Direct indication for synovial biopsy to establish diagnosis and guide therapy.
`M65.862`	Idiopathic focal synovitis, left hip	As above for left hip.
`M75.1`	Rotator cuff injury of shoulder — Data not relevant	Data not available in the input.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`29861`	Arthroscopy, hip, surgical; with synovectomy (partial)	Performed when focal or extensive synovial disease requires debridement beyond diagnostic biopsy; may be billed in addition to or instead of biopsy depending on documentation and bundling rules.
`29862`	Arthroscopy, hip, surgical; with debridement/shaving of femoral head/acetabulum (chondroplasty)	Performed when articular cartilage lesions are treated during the same arthroscopic session.
`29914`	Arthroscopy, hip, surgical; femoroplasty (e.g., for cam lesion)	Performed when bony impingement is addressed during the same operative session; may be reported with appropriate modifiers if separate and distinct.
`29915`	Arthroscopy, hip, surgical; acetabuloplasty (e.g., for pincer lesion)	Used when acetabular rim trimming is performed in the same procedure to correct impingement.
`20610`	Arthrocentesis, aspiration and/or injection, major joint or bursa (e.g., hip)	May be used preoperatively for diagnostic or therapeutic joint aspiration under image guidance; not reported for intraoperative arthroscopic sampling.
`99024`	Postoperative follow-up visit, global period	Represents routine postoperative care during the global period rather than an encounter-based E/M; used per payer policy.

CPT 29800: Diagnostic Arthroscopy of Temporomandibular Joint

CPT-29804-TEMPOROMANDIBULAR-JOINT-ARTHROSCOPY-TMJ-REPAIR

CPT 29804: Temporomandibular Joint Arthroscopy and Repair

CPT-29805-SHOULDER-ARTHROSCOPY-WITH-SYNOVIAL-BIOPSY

CPT 29805: Arthroscopic Shoulder Examination with Synovial Biopsy

CPT-29806-ARTHROSCOPIC-SHOULDER-CAPSULE-REPAIR

CPT 29806: Arthroscopic Shoulder Joint Inspection with Capsule Repair

CPT-29807-ARTHROSCOPIC-SLAP-LESION-REPAIR-SHOULDER

CPT 29807: Arthroscopic Repair of SLAP Lesion, Shoulder

CPT-29819-ARTHROSCOPIC-SHOULDER-LOOSE-FOREIGN-BODY-REMOVAL

CPT 29819: Arthroscopic Removal of Loose or Foreign Body, Shoulder

CPT-29820-ARTHROSCOPIC-SHOULDER-SYNOVECTOMY

CPT 29820: Arthroscopic Synovectomy, Shoulder

CPT-29821-ARTHROSCOPIC-SHOULDER-SYNOVECTOMY

CPT 29821: Arthroscopic Shoulder Synovectomy

CPT-29822-SHOULDER-ARTHROSCOPY-LIMITED-DEBRIDEMENT

CPT 29822: Shoulder Arthroscopy with Limited Debridement

CPT-29823-ARTHROSCOPIC-SHOULDER-DEBRIDEMENT-EXTENSIVE-TISSUE-EXCISION

CPT 29823: Arthroscopic Shoulder Debridement, Extensive Intra-articular Excision

Showing 1–10 of 75

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.

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Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Modifier	Description	When to Use
`22`	Increased procedural services	Use when work required is substantially greater than typical for the arthroscopy (document reasons and increased work).
`23`	Unusual anesthesia	Use if surgery was performed under general anesthesia because of extenuating circumstances that require unusual anesthesia care.
`26`	Professional component	Use if reporting only the surgeon's professional component separate from technical facility charges (rare for operative CPT).
`51`	Multiple procedures	Use when arthroscopy is reported with additional distinct procedure(s) during the same operative session.
`52`	Reduced services	Use if the procedure was started but not completed as planned (aborted or substantially reduced).
`53`	Discontinued procedure	Use when the procedure is terminated due to extenuating circumstances after anesthesia induction.
`59`	Distinct procedural service	Use to indicate a separate and distinct procedure or service when applicable (avoid unbundling).
`62`	Two surgeons	Use when two surgeons work together as primary surgeons performing distinct portions of the procedure.
`78`	Return to OR for related procedure during postoperative period	Use when patient returns to the OR for a related procedure during the global period.
`80`	Assistant at surgery	Use when an assistant surgeon provides assistance at the procedure.
`RT`	Right side	Use to indicate the procedure was performed on the right hip.
`LT`	Left side	Use to indicate the procedure was performed on the left hip.
`AS`	Ambulatory surgery center facility	Use to denote the ASC facility setting when applicable.

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
207XS0100X	Orthopaedic Surgery	Primary specialty performing hip arthroscopy and synovial biopsy.
2080P0206X	Sports Medicine (Orthopaedic)	Orthopaedic sports medicine specialists commonly perform hip arthroscopy for impingement and labral pathology.
2084P0800X	Orthopedic Surgery of the Hip	Subspecialty or focused taxonomy for hip procedures and arthroscopy.
207LP2900X	Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation	May be involved in pre/postoperative care but not primary proceduralists.
1835S0112X	Physician Assistant	Common mid-level provider involved in perioperative care and follow-up.

Related Diagnoses

ICD-10 Code	Description	Clinical Relevance
`M25.551`	Pain in right hip	Common presenting symptom prompting diagnostic hip arthroscopy and synovial evaluation.
`M25.552`	Pain in left hip	As above, for left-sided presentations.
`M24.251`	Other spontaneous disruption of right hip joint	May present with mechanical symptoms leading to arthroscopy for evaluation.
`M24.252`	Other spontaneous disruption of left hip joint	As above for left side.
`M65.861`	Idiopathic focal synovitis, right hip	Direct indication for synovial biopsy to establish diagnosis and guide therapy.
`M65.862`	Idiopathic focal synovitis, left hip	As above for left hip.
`M75.1`	Rotator cuff injury of shoulder — Data not relevant	Data not available in the input.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`29861`	Arthroscopy, hip, surgical; with synovectomy (partial)	Performed when focal or extensive synovial disease requires debridement beyond diagnostic biopsy; may be billed in addition to or instead of biopsy depending on documentation and bundling rules.
`29862`	Arthroscopy, hip, surgical; with debridement/shaving of femoral head/acetabulum (chondroplasty)	Performed when articular cartilage lesions are treated during the same arthroscopic session.
`29914`	Arthroscopy, hip, surgical; femoroplasty (e.g., for cam lesion)	Performed when bony impingement is addressed during the same operative session; may be reported with appropriate modifiers if separate and distinct.
`29915`	Arthroscopy, hip, surgical; acetabuloplasty (e.g., for pincer lesion)	Used when acetabular rim trimming is performed in the same procedure to correct impingement.
`20610`	Arthrocentesis, aspiration and/or injection, major joint or bursa (e.g., hip)	May be used preoperatively for diagnostic or therapeutic joint aspiration under image guidance; not reported for intraoperative arthroscopic sampling.
`99024`	Postoperative follow-up visit, global period	Represents routine postoperative care during the global period rather than an encounter-based E/M; used per payer policy.

CPT 29800: Diagnostic Arthroscopy of Temporomandibular Joint

CPT-29804-TEMPOROMANDIBULAR-JOINT-ARTHROSCOPY-TMJ-REPAIR

CPT 29804: Temporomandibular Joint Arthroscopy and Repair

CPT-29805-SHOULDER-ARTHROSCOPY-WITH-SYNOVIAL-BIOPSY

CPT 29805: Arthroscopic Shoulder Examination with Synovial Biopsy

CPT-29806-ARTHROSCOPIC-SHOULDER-CAPSULE-REPAIR

CPT 29806: Arthroscopic Shoulder Joint Inspection with Capsule Repair

CPT-29807-ARTHROSCOPIC-SLAP-LESION-REPAIR-SHOULDER

CPT 29807: Arthroscopic Repair of SLAP Lesion, Shoulder

CPT-29819-ARTHROSCOPIC-SHOULDER-LOOSE-FOREIGN-BODY-REMOVAL

CPT 29819: Arthroscopic Removal of Loose or Foreign Body, Shoulder

CPT-29820-ARTHROSCOPIC-SHOULDER-SYNOVECTOMY

CPT 29820: Arthroscopic Synovectomy, Shoulder

CPT-29821-ARTHROSCOPIC-SHOULDER-SYNOVECTOMY

CPT 29821: Arthroscopic Shoulder Synovectomy

CPT-29822-SHOULDER-ARTHROSCOPY-LIMITED-DEBRIDEMENT

CPT 29822: Shoulder Arthroscopy with Limited Debridement

CPT-29823-ARTHROSCOPIC-SHOULDER-DEBRIDEMENT-EXTENSIVE-TISSUE-EXCISION

CPT 29823: Arthroscopic Shoulder Debridement, Extensive Intra-articular Excision

Showing 1–10 of 75

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.

Published by

Trek Health powers OpenPayer with a leading commercial payer intelligence platform, seamlessly converting fragmented payer data into actionable insights for provider organizations.

OpenPayer

CPT 29860: Diagnostic Hip Arthroscopy with Synovial Biopsy

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Billing Code Overview

OpenPayer

CPT 29860: Diagnostic Hip Arthroscopy with Synovial Biopsy

Sign up for cpt 29860 policy alerts

Billing Code Overview

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

References

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

References