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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesEndoscopy/Arthroscopy Procedures on the Musculoskeletal SystemCPT cpt-29821-arthroscopic-shoulder-synovectomy
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    CPT 29821: Arthroscopic Complete Synovectomy of Shoulder

    Medicare pays $569 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 29821 describes an arthroscopic complete synovectomy of the shoulder, where the surgeon uses an arthroscope and operative instruments to inspect intra-articular tissues and excise the synovial membrane to treat chronic inflammatory conditions, remove tumor, or relieve pain and motion limitation; service type: arthroscopic surgical procedure, typical site of service: hospital outpatient department or ambulatory surgery center.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Dental Anesthesia Services, Anesthesia Services for Interventional Pain Management Procedures in an Adult, General Anesthesia and Conscious Sedation Services.

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 48-year-old patient with a multi-year history of rheumatoid arthritis presents with progressive right shoulder pain, swelling, morning stiffness, and decreased range of motion despite optimized medical therapy. Conservative care including activity modification, oral anti-inflammatories, and intra-articular steroid injection provided only transient relief. Imaging (MRI) demonstrates diffuse synovial hypertrophy and joint effusion without major rotator cuff tear. The orthopedic surgeon schedules an arthroscopic shoulder synovectomy under general anesthesia. In the operating room the provider performs diagnostic arthroscopy to inspect intra-articular structures, then inserts arthroscopic instruments and systematically excises inflamed synovial tissue from the glenohumeral joint, performing a complete synovectomy to reduce inflammatory load and improve motion. Typical perioperative workflow includes preoperative history and physical, anesthesia evaluation, operative arthroscopy with synovectomy, intraoperative pathology if indicated (biopsy), standard postoperative recovery in the ambulatory surgery unit or hospital recovery room, and follow-up visits for wound check and rehabilitation. Usual sites of service are the hospital outpatient department or ambulatory surgery center.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    29805Arthroscopy, shoulder, diagnostic, with/without synovial biopsyDiagnostic arthroscopy often performed at the start of the procedure to evaluate intra-articular pathology before proceeding to synovectomy.
    29822Arthroscopy, shoulder, synovectomy; partialPerformed when only a partial synovectomy is indicated rather than a complete excision of synovial tissue.
    29824Arthroscopy, shoulder, debridement, extensiveMay be performed in conjunction with synovectomy when substantial loose tissue or degenerative debris requires arthroscopic debridement.
    29819Arthroscopy, shoulder, with removal of loose body or foreign bodyPerformed when discrete loose bodies are identified and removed during the same arthroscopic session.
    29826Arthroscopy, shoulder, with distal clavicle resection (Mumford procedure)Performed when concurrent acromioclavicular joint pathology requires distal clavicle excision during the same operative setting.

    Related Modifiers

    10 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    51Modifier –51 (Multiple Procedures) is used when the same provider performs multiple procedures in the same session to identify secondary, non‑exempt procedures and indicate payment reduction logic…- Use modifier -51 when the same provider performs multiple distinct procedures during the same patient encounter: report the highest‑valued procedure first (no modifier) and append -51 to…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    63Modifier‑63 is appended to surgical CPT codes (20000–69990) when a procedure is performed on a neonate or infant weighing ≤ 4 kg (about 8.8 lbs). The AMA/AAPC definition specifies this use and notes…- Use modifier -63 only for surgical procedures in the CPT 20000–69990 series performed on a neonate or infant who weighs ≤ 4 kg at the time of the procedure; it indicates increased complexity due to…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    79Modifier 79 indicates a surgical procedure performed during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery that is unrelated to the original procedure. Per AMA/CPT and CMS guidance, it is…- Use modifier 79 when the same physician (or same‑specialty physician in the same group) performs a surgical procedure during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery and the new procedure…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    207V00000X
    207L00000X
    2471C3402X
    2278P4000X
    261QF0400X
    225XR0403X
    207KA0200X
    261QR0208X

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Anesthesiology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Dental Anesthesia ServicesProvidence Health Plan2026-10-01
    Anesthesia Services for Interventional Pain Management Procedures in an AdultCigna2026-09-15
    General Anesthesia and Conscious Sedation ServicesUnitedHealthcare2026-09-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Elective Inpatient Services (for Idaho Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-06-01
    Sites of Servicepriority health2026-06-01
    Coverage for Ambulatory Surgery Unit (ASU)/Outpatient Facility and Anesthesia for Dental Servicesuniverahealthcare2026-05-21

    Related Codes

    CPT-29800-TMJ-ARTHROSCOPY-DIAGNOSTIC-BIOPSY

    CPT 29800: Temporomandibular Joint Arthroscopy, Diagnostic

    CPT-29804-TEMPOROMANDIBULAR-JOINT-ARTHROSCOPY-TMJ-REPAIR

    CPT 29804: Temporomandibular Joint Arthroscopy

    CPT-29805-SHOULDER-ARTHROSCOPY-WITH-SYNOVIAL-BIOPSY

    CPT 29805: Diagnostic Shoulder Arthroscopy with Synovial Biopsy

    CPT-29806-ARTHROSCOPIC-SHOULDER-CAPSULE-REPAIR

    CPT 29806: Arthroscopy, Shoulder, Repair of Capsular Tear

    CPT-29807-ARTHROSCOPIC-SLAP-LESION-REPAIR-SHOULDER

    CPT 29807: Arthroscopic Repair of SLAP Lesion in Shoulder

    CPT-29819-ARTHROSCOPIC-SHOULDER-LOOSE-FOREIGN-BODY-REMOVAL

    CPT 29819: Arthroscopic Removal of Loose or Foreign Bodies, Shoulder

    CPT-29820-ARTHROSCOPIC-SHOULDER-SYNOVECTOMY

    CPT 29820: Arthroscopic Synovectomy of Shoulder

    CPT-29822-SHOULDER-ARTHROSCOPY-LIMITED-DEBRIDEMENT

    CPT 29822: Arthroscopy, Shoulder, Limited Debridement

    CPT-29823-ARTHROSCOPIC-SHOULDER-DEBRIDEMENT-EXTENSIVE-TISSUE-EXCISION

    CPT 29823: Arthroscopic Shoulder Extensive Excision/Debridement

    CPT-29824-ARTHROSCOPIC-DISTAL-CLAVICULECTOMY-MUMFORD

    CPT 29824: Arthroscopic Distal Clavicle Resection (Mumford Procedure)

    Showing 1–10 of 75

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    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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