CPT code 28705 denotes pantalar arthrodesis, an extensive fusion procedure targeting the ankle and multiple hindfoot joints to treat degenerative arthritis, traumatic injury, or complex fractures. The code is used for documentation and billing of operations that fuse the ankle, subtalar, talonavicular, and calcaneocuboid joints using fixation such as K-wires and screws. Nationally, procedures coded with 28705 are significant due to their complexity, resource utilization, and implications for postoperative care and rehabilitation.

Key payers included in this analysis are Aetna, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cigna Health, UnitedHealthcare, and Medicare. Readers will find a concise clinical context for the procedure, expected sites of service, and the typical service classification as orthopedic foot-and-ankle surgery. The publication also covers billing benchmarks, common modifiers and coding considerations, and relevant policy updates that affect coverage and claims adjudication for complex fusion procedures.

This summary is intended for clinicians, coding professionals, and policy analysts seeking a national overview of the clinical and billing characteristics associated with CPT code 28705. Data not available in the input are noted where applicable.