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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesBreast Biopsy ProceduresCPT cpt-19101-breast-open-incisional-biopsy
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    CPT 19101: Open Incisional Biopsy of Breast Lesion

    Medicare pays $360 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 19101 describes an open incisional breast biopsy in which the provider removes a small sample of tissue from a breast lesion to identify abnormal cells; this procedure is a diagnostic surgical service typically performed in an ambulatory surgery center or hospital outpatient setting for pathologic evaluation of a suspicious breast lesion.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Removal of Implantable, Outpatient Surgical Procedures - Site of Service, Surgical Procedures.

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    Table of contents

    Progress1 / 7

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 48-year-old woman presents to the breast clinic with a palpable breast lump in the upper outer quadrant identified on self-exam and confirmed on diagnostic mammography and ultrasound. The lesion measures approximately 1.2 cm and image-guided core needle biopsy is non-diagnostic or inconclusive. The surgeon schedules an open incisional breast biopsy to obtain a tissue sample for definitive histopathologic diagnosis. The procedure is performed in an outpatient ambulatory surgery center or hospital outpatient department under local anesthesia with sedation or monitored anesthesia care. The operative workflow includes preoperative localization (if needed), an incision directly over the lesion, removal of a representative tissue sample for pathology, hemostasis, and layered closure. Specimens are labeled and sent with relevant clinical information. Postoperative instructions address wound care, activity restrictions, and return precautions. Typical documentation includes indication, lesion size and location, surgical approach, anesthesia type, specimen description, estimated blood loss, complications (if any), and pathology request form completion.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    19100Excision of breast lesion identified by preoperative placement of radiological marker; open, incisionalPerformed when a lesion localized by imaging requires excisional biopsy; may be an alternative or complement to 19101 depending on intent (diagnostic vs excisional).
    19120Excision of cyst, fibroadenoma, or other benign lesion, open, one or more lesionsOften used when the surgeon plans to excise the entire palpable benign lesion rather than perform a limited incisional biopsy as in 19101.
    19083Biopsy, breast, with placement of marker (clip) when performed, percutaneous, needleImage-guided percutaneous biopsy is a less invasive diagnostic option that may precede or replace an open incisional biopsy.
    76085Localization procedure for lesion; preoperative placement of radiological marker, breastPerformed before 19101 when radiologic localization is required to guide the open incision to a nonpalpable lesion.
    99213Office or other outpatient visit for evaluation and management, established patientCommon E/M service for preoperative evaluation or postoperative follow-up related to the biopsy.

    Related Modifiers

    10 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    51Modifier –51 (Multiple Procedures) is used when the same provider performs multiple procedures in the same session to identify secondary, non‑exempt procedures and indicate payment reduction logic…- Use modifier -51 when the same provider performs multiple distinct procedures during the same patient encounter: report the highest‑valued procedure first (no modifier) and append -51 to…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    56Modifier ‑56 indicates the reporting provider furnished only the preoperative management for a surgical procedure and did not perform the intraoperative or postoperative care. It is used in…- Use Modifier -56 when a provider performs only the preoperative management in a split‑care situation (one physician manages preop care while a different physician performs the intraoperative…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    79Modifier 79 indicates a surgical procedure performed during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery that is unrelated to the original procedure. Per AMA/CPT and CMS guidance, it is…- Use modifier 79 when the same physician (or same‑specialty physician in the same group) performs a surgical procedure during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery and the new procedure…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    207Q00000X
    208600000X
    363L00000X
    261QX0203X
    1744P3200X
    364SN0000X
    163WH0500X
    163WC0400X

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    22 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    C50.911Malignant neoplasm of unspecified site of right female breast
    C50.912Malignant neoplasm of unspecified site of left female breast
    C50.919Malignant neoplasm of unspecified site of unspecified female breast
    D05.10Intraductal carcinoma in situ of unspecified breast
    D05.11Intraductal carcinoma in situ of right breast
    D24.9Benign neoplasm of unspecified breast
    M79.601Pain in right arm
    M79.602Pain in left arm
    N62Hypertrophy of breast
    N64.4Mastodynia

    Showing 1–10 of 22

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: General Surgery1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Removal of ImplantableBlue Cross Blue Shield - Rhode Island2026-10-01
    Outpatient Surgical Procedures - Site of ServiceUnitedHealthcare2026-09-01
    Surgical ProceduresUnitedHealthcare2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Service Center (ASC) Select — Surgical or Diagnostic Procedures in AdultsPremera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Surgical Center (ASC) Select — Surgical or Diagnostic Procedures in AdultsPremera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Service Center (ASC) SelectPremera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Surgical Center (ASC) Select — Site of Service for Ambulatory Surgical Procedures (ASC Select)Premera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Service Center (ASC) SelectPremera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Medical Necessity Guidelines Inpatient Surgical CareMass General Brigham Health Plan2026-08-01
    Outpatient Surgical Procedures - Site of Servicesierra health and life2026-08-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-19081-STEREOTACTIC-PERCUTANEOUS-BREAST-BIOPSY-SINGLE-LESION

    CPT 19081: Stereotactic Percutaneous Breast Biopsy, Single Lesion

    CPT-19082-STEREOTACTIC-PERCUTANEOUS-BREAST-BIOPSY-ADDITIONAL-LESION

    CPT 19082: Stereotactic Percutaneous Breast Biopsy, Additional Lesion

    CPT-19083-ULTRASOUND-GUIDED-PERCUTANEOUS-BREAST-BIOPSY-SINGLE-LESION

    CPT 19083: Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Breast Biopsy, Single Lesion

    CPT-19084-ADDITIONAL-LESION-ULTRASOUND-GUIDED-BREAST-BIOPSY-LOCALIZATION

    CPT 19084: Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Breast Biopsy, Additional Lesion

    CPT-19085-MRI-GUIDED-PERCUTANEOUS-BREAST-BIOPSY-WITH-LOCALIZATION

    CPT 19085: MRI-Guided Percutaneous Breast Biopsy with Optional Localization

    CPT-19086-MR-GUIDED-PERCUTANEOUS-BREAST-BIOPSY-ADDITIONAL-LESION

    CPT 19086: MRI-Guided Percutaneous Breast Biopsy, Additional Lesion

    CPT-19100-BREAST-CORE-NEEDLE-BIOPSY-DIAGNOSTIC

    CPT 19100: Breast Core Needle Biopsy for Lesion Diagnosis

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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