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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesAnesthesia for Procedures on the Shoulder and AxillaCPT cpt-01656-axillary-to-femoral-bypass-anesthesia
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    CPT 01656: Anesthesia for Axillary-to-Femoral Bypass Graft

    Commercial payers pay $67 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 01656 describes anesthesia services provided for a bypass graft procedure from the axillary artery to the femoral artery, a surgical arterial bypass; service type: anesthesia for vascular bypass graft surgery; typical site of service: hospital operating room or inpatient surgical suite where vascular procedures are performed.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Dental Anesthesia Services, Anesthesia Services for Interventional Pain Management Procedures in an Adult, General Anesthesia and Conscious Sedation Services.

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    National Reimbursement Benchmarks

    National commercial rates for CPT 01656 cluster around BUCA’s average commercial benchmark of $66.6, with noticeable variation across major carriers. Blue Cross Blue Shield shows a wide spread between the 25th and 75th percentiles ($41.40 to $74.70), a $33.30 interquartile range that points to substantial dispersion in negotiated rates. Cigna’s interquartile spread ($67.70 to $119.90) equals $52.20, the largest among the listed payers, while Aetna’s interquartile range ($42.00 to $71.50) is $29.50. UnitedHealth Group is relatively tighter with a 25th–75th spread of $51.40 to $80.90, or $29.50, matching Aetna on IQR width.

    Looking at upper-tail differences, Cigna reaches the highest 90th percentile at $145.90, indicating more aggressive high-end reimbursements compared with UnitedHealth Group’s $95.00 and Blue Cross Blue Shield’s $102.30. Median levels cluster near BUCA’s midpoint: Cigna ($85.70) sits well above BUCA’s $58.90 median, while UnitedHealth Group ($63.70), Blue Cross Blue Shield ($51.90), and Aetna ($48.00) are nearer or below BUCA’s average. These contrasts highlight that Cigna both pays higher medians and exhibits the greatest rate dispersion.

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    National Payer Mean Reimbursement Rates

    State Reimbursement Rates

    State: Alaska1 / 51

    Rate by payer

    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 68-year-old male with peripheral arterial disease presents for planned axillary-to-femoral bypass grafting to re-establish lower-extremity perfusion after occlusive iliac/femoral disease. The patient has a history of right total knee arthroplasty (Z96.651), osteoarthritis of the right knee (M17.11), coronary artery disease, and controlled hypertension. Preoperative evaluation in the anesthesiology clinic documents airway assessment, medical optimization, and review of antiplatelet therapy. On the day of surgery the patient is admitted to an inpatient vascular operating room suite. General endotracheal anesthesia is induced by the anesthesiology team; invasive arterial and central venous monitoring are placed. Maintenance of anesthesia continues throughout the axillary artery exposure, creation of a subcutaneous tunnel, and femoral artery anastomosis for graft placement. Intraoperative hemodynamic management addresses blood loss and limb perfusion; postoperative handoff to the postanesthesia care unit includes discussion of analgesia plan, hemodynamic status, and anticoagulation recommendations for the vascular surgery team. Typical site of service is an inpatient or hospital-based outpatient operating room for vascular surgery. Service type: anesthesia for major vascular bypass procedure (axillary to femoral bypass).

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    27447

    Related Modifiers

    7 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    23Modifier -23 (Unusual Anesthesia) is used on anesthesia service CPT codes when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia…- Use modifier -23 only on anesthesia CPT codes (00100–01999) when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia because of…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    207L00000X
    207LA0401X
    367H00000X
    367500000X
    101YP1600X
    1835P2201X
    103TM1700X
    1835S0206X

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    31 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    E11.51Type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic peripheral angiopathy without gangrene
    E11.52Type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic peripheral angiopathy with gangrene
    I65.21Occlusion and stenosis of right carotid artery
    I65.22Occlusion and stenosis of left carotid artery
    I66.9Occlusion and stenosis of unspecified cerebral artery
    I70.201Unspecified atherosclerosis of native arteries of extremities, right leg
    I70.209Unspecified atherosclerosis of native arteries of extremities, unspecified extremity
    I70.212Atherosclerosis of native arteries of extremities with intermittent claudication, left leg
    I70.221Atherosclerosis of native arteries of extremities with rest pain, right leg
    I70.222Atherosclerosis of native arteries of extremities with rest pain, left leg

    Showing 1–10 of 31

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Anesthesiology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Dental Anesthesia ServicesProvidence Health Plan2026-10-01
    Anesthesia Services for Interventional Pain Management Procedures in an AdultCigna2026-09-15
    General Anesthesia and Conscious Sedation ServicesUnitedHealthcare2026-09-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Elective Inpatient Services (for Idaho Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-06-01
    Sites of Servicepriority health2026-06-01
    Coverage for Ambulatory Surgery Unit (ASU)/Outpatient Facility and Anesthesia for Dental Servicesuniverahealthcare2026-05-21

    Related Codes

    CPT-01610-SHOULDER-AXILLA-ANESTHESIA-SERVICES

    CPT 01610: Anesthesia for Shoulder and Axilla Procedures

    CPT-01620-ANESTHESIA-CLOSED-PROCEDURE-SHOULDER-JOINT

    CPT 01620: Anesthesia for Closed Shoulder Joint Procedures

    CPT-01622-ANESTHESIA-DIAGNOSTIC-SHOULDER-ARTHROSCOPY

    CPT 01622: Anesthesia for Diagnostic Shoulder Arthroscopy

    CPT-01630-SHOULDER-ANESTHESIA-OPEN-ARTHROSCOPIC-PROCEDURES

    CPT 01630: Anesthesia for Shoulder and Adjacent Joint Surgery

    CPT-01634-SHOULDER-ANESTHESIA-OPEN-ARTHROSCOPIC-SHOULDER-PROCEDURES

    CPT 01634: Anesthesia for Open or Arthroscopic Shoulder Procedures

    CPT-01636-ANESTHESIA-SHOULDER-FOREQUARTER-AMPUTATION

    CPT 01636: Anesthesia for Shoulder and Forequarter Surgical Procedures

    CPT-01638-SHOULDER-JOINT-REPLACEMENT-ANESTHESIA

    CPT 01638: Anesthesia for Shoulder Joint Replacement

    CPT-01650-SHOULDER-AXILLA-ARTERY-ANESTHESIA

    CPT 01650: Anesthesia for Arteries of Shoulder and Axilla

    CPT-01652-ANESTHESIA-AXILLARY-BRACHIAL-ARTERY-ANEURYSM-SURGERY

    CPT 01652: Anesthesia for Axillary–Brachial Artery Aneurysm Surgery

    CPT-01654-SHOULDER-AXILLA-ARTERY-BYPASS-ANESTHESIA

    CPT 01654: Anesthesia for Bypass Graft of Shoulder/Axilla Arteries

    Showing 1–10 of 12

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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    Arthroplasty, knee, condyle and plateau; medial AND lateral compartments with or without patella resurfacing (total knee arthroplasty)
    Represents orthopedic procedures on the knee that may be part of the patient's surgical history or concurrent planning for lower-extremity function; not performed during axillo-femoral bypass but relevant to perioperative assessment.
    01402Anesthesia for open or surgical arthroscopic procedures on knee joint; total knee arthroplastyExample of anesthesia coding for major lower-extremity orthopedic surgery; useful for cross-checking anesthesia practice patterns and documentation when both vascular and orthopedic procedures occur in the perioperative period.
    20610Arthrocentesis, aspiration and/or injection into a major joint or bursaRepresents common joint procedures that may be coded in the same episode of care for patients with knee complaints; usually unrelated to axillary-femoral bypass anesthesia.
    29881Arthroscopy, knee, surgical; with meniscectomy (medial OR lateral, including any meniscal shaving)Orthopedic arthroscopic procedure that may be performed in separate encounters; included as related CPT codes provided in the input.
    29888Arthroscopically aided anterior cruciate ligament repair/augmentation or reconstructionOrthopedic reconstructive procedure of the knee; listed as a related code from the input and may be relevant to the patient’s overall surgical history or concurrent care planning.