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    v1.0.28
    OpenPayerBilling CodesAnesthesia for Intrathoracic ProceduresCPT cpt-00539-tracheobronchial-reconstruction-anesthesia
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    CPT 00539: Anesthesia for Tracheobronchial Reconstruction

    Commercial payers pay $69 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 00539 describes anesthesia services provided for tracheobronchial reconstruction, a surgical procedure to repair injuries or congenital malformations of the trachea and bronchi; service type: general anesthesia for thoracic reconstructive airway surgery; typical site of service: operating room in an acute care hospital or specialized thoracic surgical center.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use Disorders, Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use Disorders, Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use Disorders.

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    National Reimbursement Benchmarks

    Across national commercial payers, the BUCA average commercial rate of $69.20 sits near the center of the payer mix for CPT 00539, with Cigna and UnitedHealth Group showing higher central tendencies (Cigna median $85.70; UnitedHealth Group median $67.90) and Aetna and Blue Cross Blue Shield presenting lower medians ($48.00 and $58.00, respectively). Cigna posts the highest mean at $92.20 while Aetna and Blue Cross Blue Shield report lower means of $57.60 and $62.60; note that BUCA’s single mean value is intended as an overall commercial benchmark rather than a distributional summary.

    Dispersion measured as P75 minus P25 highlights variability by payer: Aetna’s IQR is $29.40 (P75 $70.59 − P25 $42.00), Blue Cross Blue Shield’s IQR is $44.10 (P75 $82.80 − P25 $43.70), BUCA’s IQR is $40.10 (P75 $89.90 − P25 $48.80), Cigna’s IQR is $53.40 (P75 $120.00 − P25 $67.60), and UnitedHealth Group’s IQR is $48.00 (P75 $100.00 − P25 $52.00). Cigna shows the widest interquartile spread and Aetna the tightest, indicating the most and least central rate concentration, respectively.

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    National Payer Mean Reimbursement Rates

    State Reimbursement Rates

    State: Alaska1 / 51

    Rate by payer

    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 54-year-old patient with a history of prior thoracic trauma presents with progressive dyspnea, recurrent pneumothorax, and symptoms of airway obstruction. Imaging and bronchoscopy identify a tracheobronchial injury with segmental collapse and associated pleural effusion. The cardiothoracic surgical team plans a tracheobronchial reconstruction to repair the windpipe and its major subdivisions. The anesthesia team performs a preoperative assessment addressing pulmonary hypertension, valvular insufficiency, and respiratory compromise; coordinates airway management including possible single-lumen versus double-lumen tube or bronchial blocker placement; prepares for one-lung ventilation and potential conversion to cardiopulmonary bypass; and manages intraoperative hemodynamics, ventilation, invasive monitoring (arterial and central venous lines), and postoperative intensive care handoff.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    32480Removal of lung, pneumonectomyMay be performed in the same operative episode if extensive bronchial injury necessitates lung resection; affects anesthetic planning for one-lung ventilation and hemodynamics.
    32663Thoracoscopy, surgical; with lobectomy

    Related Modifiers

    8 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    23Modifier -23 (Unusual Anesthesia) is used on anesthesia service CPT codes when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia…- Use modifier -23 only on anesthesia CPT codes (00100–01999) when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia because of…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    56Modifier ‑56 indicates the reporting provider furnished only the preoperative management for a surgical procedure and did not perform the intraoperative or postoperative care. It is used in…- Use Modifier -56 when a provider performs only the preoperative management in a split‑care situation (one physician manages preop care while a different physician performs the intraoperative…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy CodeSpecialtyNotes
    207L00000XAnesthesiology PhysicianAn anesthesiologist is trained to provide pain relief and maintenance, or restoration, of a stable condition during and immediately following an opera…
    207LC0200XCritical Care Medicine (Anesthesiology) PhysicianAn anesthesiologist, who specializes in critical care medicine diagnoses, treats and supports patients with multiple organ dysfunction. This specialis…
    207RS0012XSleep Medicine (Internal Medicine) PhysicianAn Internist who practices Sleep Medicine is certified in the subspecialty of sleep medicine and specializes in the clinical assessment, physiologic t…
    3245S0500XChildren's Substance Abuse Rehabilitation FacilityA facility or distinct part of a facility that provides a 24 hr therapeutically planned living and rehabilitative intervention environment for the tre…
    246X00000XCardiovascular Specialist/TechnologistAn allied health professional who performs diagnostic examinations at the request or direction of a physician in one or more of the following three ar…
    2080S0010XPediatric Sports Medicine PhysicianA pediatrician who is responsible for continuous care in the field of sports medicine, not only for the enhancement of health and fitness, but also fo…
    246RM2200XMedical Laboratory TechnicianTechnologists, Technicians & Other Technical Service Providers · Technician, Pathology
    251T00000XPACE Provider OrganizationA PACE provider organization is a not-for-profit private or public entity that is primarily engaged in providing PACE services(unique capitated manage…

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    27 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    I27.2
    I27.23Pulmonary hypertension due to lung diseases and hypoxia
    I34.0Nonrheumatic mitral (valve) insufficiency
    J38.1Polyp of vocal cord and larynx
    J38.2Nodules of vocal cords
    J38.4Edema of larynx
    J39.0Retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscess
    J39.8Other specified diseases of upper respiratory tract
    J84.10Pulmonary fibrosis, unspecified
    J93.9Pneumothorax, unspecified

    Showing 1–10 of 27

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Anesthesiology1 / 2

    7 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Elective Inpatient Services (for Idaho Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-06-01
    Sites of Servicepriority health2026-06-01
    Coverage for Ambulatory Surgery Unit (ASU)/Outpatient Facility and Anesthesia for Dental Servicesuniverahealthcare2026-05-21

    Related Codes

    CPT-00500-ANESTHESIA-ESOPHAGUS-PROCEDURE

    CPT 00500: Anesthesia for Esophageal Procedure

    CPT-00520-ANESTHESIA-CLOSED-CHEST-BRONCHOSCOPY

    CPT 00520: Anesthesia for Closed Chest Procedures, Bronchoscopy

    CPT-00522-NEEDLE-PLEURAL-BIOPSY-ANESTHESIA-CLOSED-CHEST

    CPT 00522: Anesthesia for Pleural Needle Biopsy

    CPT-00524-ANESTHESIA-CLOSED-CHEST-PNEUMOCENTESIS

    CPT 00524: Anesthesia for Closed-Chest Pneumocentesis

    CPT-00528-ANESTHESIA-MEDIASTINOSCOPY-DIAGNOSTIC-THORACOSCOPY

    CPT 00528: Anesthesia for Mediastinoscopy and Diagnostic Thoracoscopy

    CPT-00529-ANESTHESIA-MEDIASTINOSCOPY-ONE-LUNG-VENTILATION

    CPT 00529: Anesthesia for Mediastinoscopy/Thoracoscopy with One-Lung Ventilation

    CPT-00530-ANESTHESIA-PERMANENT-TRANSVENOUS-PACEMAKER-INSERTION

    CPT 00530: Anesthesia for Permanent Transvenous Pacemaker Insertion

    CPT-00532-ANESTHESIA-FOR-CENTRAL-VENOUS-ACCESS

    CPT 00532: Anesthesia for Central Venous Access

    CPT-00534-ANESTHESIA-FOR-TRANSVENOUS-CARDIOVERTER-DEFIBRILLATOR-INSERTION

    CPT 00534: Anesthesia for Transvenous Cardioverter–Defibrillator Insertion

    CPT-00537-CARDIAC-ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY-ANESTHESIA

    CPT 00537: Anesthesia for Cardiac Electrophysiology Procedures

    Showing 1–10 of 23

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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    Minimally invasive thoracic resections that can be concurrent or staged with airway reconstruction; impacts airway and ventilation strategy.
    33405Replacement, mitral valve, with cardiopulmonary bypassRepresents major cardiac surgery that may coincide when valvular disease (e.g., I34.0) requires correction in the same anesthetic or staged care.
    33533Coronary artery bypass, using arterial graft(s)Cardiac surgical procedures that may be performed in patients with comorbid coronary disease during complex thoracic procedures; affects monitoring and potential need for cardiopulmonary bypass.