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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesDiseases and Disorders of the Nervous SystemDRG 024-craniotomy-with-major-device-implant-or-acute-complex-cns-principal-diagnosis-without-mcc
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    Craniotomy with Major Device Implant or Acute Complex CNS Principal Diagnosis without MCC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    DRG 024 addresses craniotomy with major intracranial device implantation or acute complex central nervous system principal diagnoses without a Major Complication or Comorbidity, encompassing high-resource neurosurgical admissions. This classification matters for inpatient reimbursement because it defines the Medicare payment grouping tied to procedure complexity and resource use.

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    DRG 024 Overview

    DRG 024 covers inpatient stays for craniotomy procedures involving placement of major intracranial devices or admissions for acute complex central nervous system principal diagnoses without a Major Complication or Comorbidity. Typical cases include neurosurgical interventions such as device implantation for cerebrospinal fluid diversion, intracranial pressure monitoring with major hardware, or complex cerebrovascular and tumor procedures that do not carry a Major Complication or Comorbidity. This Diagnosis-Related Group groups cases by clinical resource intensity relevant to Medicare payment. Hospitals are reimbursed based on the Diagnosis-Related Group classification, which drives inpatient prospective payment considerations.

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    Clinical Trials

    • Acute neurosurgical intervention trials: randomized or prospective cohort studies evaluating perioperative techniques, intraoperative monitoring, or hemostatic strategies in adults undergoing craniotomy with major device implantation (such as ventricular shunts, deep brain stimulation leads, or intracranial pressure monitors) or those with complex acute CNS diagnoses without major complications. These studies enroll patients presenting with intracranial mass lesions, hemorrhage, hydrocephalus, or other acute complex CNS pathology requiring craniotomy and device placement, and measure outcomes like perioperative morbidity, reoperation rates, device-related complications, and short-term neurologic recovery. Findings are relevant to providers for optimizing surgical protocols and to payers for understanding drivers of index hospitalization cost, device utilization, and short-term resource use.
    • Comparative effectiveness studies of surgical approaches and device selection: observational registry analyses or pragmatic trials comparing different craniotomy techniques, device types, fixation methods, or timing of implantation in heterogeneous adult populations assigned to this DRG. These studies focus on real-world differences in infection rates, device longevity, need for revision surgery, length of stay, and functional outcomes across subgroups (for example, older adults, patients with coagulopathy, or those with varying lesion types). Results inform clinical decision-making on choice of device and technique and help payers and hospitals anticipate variation in episode costs, complication-related payments, and readmission risk.
    • Post-discharge outcomes and care transitions research: prospective cohort or quality-improvement studies examining rehabilitation trajectories, neurologic functional recovery, readmissions, and long-term device-related complications among survivors of craniotomy with device implantation or complex CNS conditions without major comorbid complications. These studies enroll patients discharged from the index hospitalization to home, skilled nursing, or inpatient rehab and assess resource utilization (therapy intensity, durable medical equipment, outpatient follow-up), patient-reported outcomes, and predictors of early readmission within 30–90 days. This research is important to providers and payers to design discharge planning, bundle payments, and post-acute care pathways that reduce preventable readmissions and optimize long-term outcomes while controlling downstream costs.

    Related Codes

    020-INTRACRANIAL-VASCULAR-PROCEDURES-WITH-PRINCIPAL-DIAGNOSIS-HEMORRHAGE-WITH-MCC

    Intracranial Vascular Procedures with Principal Diagnosis Hemorrhage with MCC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    021-INTRACRANIAL-VASCULAR-PROCEDURES-WITH-PRINCIPAL-DIAGNOSIS-HEMORRHAGE-WITH-CC

    Intracranial Vascular Procedures with Principal Diagnosis Hemorrhage with CC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    022-INTRACRANIAL-VASCULAR-PROCEDURES-WITH-PRINCIPAL-DIAGNOSIS-HEMORRHAGE-WITHOUT-CC-MCC

    Intracranial Vascular Procedures with Principal Diagnosis Hemorrhage without CC/MCC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    023-CRANIOTOMY-WITH-MAJOR-DEVICE-IMPLANT-OR-ACUTE-COMPLEX-CNS-PRINCIPAL-DIAGNOSIS-WITH-MCC-OR-ANTINEOPLASTIC-IMPLANT-OR-EPILEPSY-WITH-NEUROSTIMULATOR

    Craniotomy with Major Device Implant or Complex CNS DRG 023: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    025-CRANIOTOMY-AND-ENDOVASCULAR-INTRACRANIAL-PROCEDURES-WITH-MCC

    Craniotomy and Endovascular Intracranial Procedures with MCC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    026-CRANIOTOMY-AND-ENDOVASCULAR-INTRACRANIAL-PROCEDURES-WITH-CC

    Craniotomy and Endovascular Intracranial Procedures with CC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    027-CRANIOTOMY-AND-ENDOVASCULAR-INTRACRANIAL-PROCEDURES-WITHOUT-CC-MCC

    Craniotomy and Endovascular Intracranial Procedures without CC/MCC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    028-SPINAL-PROCEDURES-WITH-MCC

    Spinal Procedures with MCC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    029-SPINAL-PROCEDURES-WITH-CC-OR-SPINAL-NEUROSTIMULATORS

    Spinal Procedures with CC or Spinal Neurostimulators: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    030-SPINAL-PROCEDURES-WITHOUT-CC-MCC

    Spinal Procedures without CC/MCC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

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    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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