Cosmetic and Reconstructive Procedures (for Kentucky Only)
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Defines when procedures are considered reconstructive (medically necessary) versus cosmetic for UnitedHealthcare members in Kentucky and lists related policies and applicable billing codes. Applies to providers reviewing coverage for Kentucky members.
Replaced language indicating 'jaw reconstruction is considered medically necessary in certain circumstances' with 'jaw reconstruction is considered reconstructive and medically necessary in certain circumstances'.
Added reference to the InterQual CP: Procedures, Orthognathic Surgery and removed references to several other InterQual CP items (Bone Augmentation, Mandible; Osteotomy, Maxillary Buttress, +/- Mid Palatal Osteotomy).
Medical records documentation language added clarifying that documentation may be required to assess clinical criteria, must fully support medical necessity, and does not guarantee coverage.
Updated definitions for Cosmetic Procedures, Functional Impairment, and Reconstructive Procedures.
Coverage Criteria — Reconstructive vs Cosmetic
Reconstructive Procedures (medical necessity)
Covered when ALL of the following are met:
Microtia is considered Reconstructive although no Functional Impairment may be documented.
Tissue Transfer (Flap) Repair
External InterQual criteria govern specific indications.
General reconstructive coverage
Coverage determinations are guided by clinical criteria when a procedure is reconstructive (intended to restore physiological function) and by InterQual where applicable.
InterQual CP: Procedures, Orthognathic Surgery referenced for jaw reconstruction; other InterQual references removed per revision.
Procedures that correct an anatomical congenital anomaly but do not improve or restore physiologic function are classified as Cosmetic Procedures. The policy specifies that a procedure is considered cosmetic when it does not meet the reconstructive criteria described for Reconstructive Procedures and that psychological or social consequences alone do not make such procedures reconstructive.
The policy lists specific CPT/HCPCS codes that are described as cosmetic because they do not improve functional, physical, or physiological function. Examples enumerated include 15834–15839, 15876, 17380, 21270, 69090, 69300 and HCPCS J0591 (injection, deoxycholic acid, 1 mg). These codes are treated as not reconstructive on that basis.
Cosmetic procedures are generally not covered when they fail to meet the policy's reconstructive criteria — namely when they do not significantly improve or restore physiological function. The document reiterates that a procedure will be considered cosmetic if it does not satisfy the Reconstructive Procedures criteria, even if the member has psychological or social impacts from the condition.
Applicable CPT/HCPCS Codes and Billing Notes
| 11920 | Tattooing, intradermal introduction of insoluble opaque pigments to correct color defects of skin, including micropigmentation; 6.0 sq cm or less |
| 11921 | Tattooing, intradermal introduction of insoluble opaque pigments to correct color defects of skin, including micropigmentation; 6.1 to 20.0 sq cm |
| 11960 | Insertion of tissue expander(s) for other than breast, including subsequent expansion. |
| 14000 | Adjacent tissue transfer or rearrangement, trunk; defect 10 sq cm or less |
| 14001 | Adjacent tissue transfer or rearrangement, trunk; defect 10.1 sq cm to 30.0 sq cm |
| 14020 | Adjacent tissue transfer or rearrangement, scalp, arms and/or legs; defect 10 sq cm or less |
| 14021 | Adjacent tissue transfer or rearrangement, scalp, arms and/or legs; defect 10.1 sq cm to 30.0 sq cm |
| 14040 | Adjacent tissue transfer or rearrangement, forehead, cheeks, chin, mouth, neck, axillae, genitalia, hands and/or feet; defect 10 sq cm or less |
| 14301 | Adjacent tissue transfer or rearrangement, any area; defect 30.1 sq cm to 60.0 sq cm |
| 14302 | Adjacent tissue transfer or rearrangement, any area; each additional 30.0 sq cm, or part thereof |
| 15834 | Excision, excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue (includes lipectomy); leg |
| 15835 | Excision, excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue (includes lipectomy); buttock |
| 15836 | Excision, excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue (includes lipectomy); arm |
| 15837 | Excision, excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue (includes lipectomy); forearm or hand |
| 15838 | Excision, excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue (includes lipectomy); submental fat pad |
| 15839 | Excision, excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue (includes lipectomy); other area |
| 15876 | Suction assisted lipectomy; head and neck |
| 17380 | Electrolysis epilation, each 30 minutes |
| 21270 | Malar augmentation, prosthetic material |
| 69090 | Ear piercing |
Prior Authorization, Documentation, and Review
Code review and potential prior authorization
Review the procedure codes listed in the policy to determine whether each code is being billed as cosmetic or reconstructive; codes provided in the Applicable Codes section are for reference and may require prior review/authorization per contract and state requirements.
- Codes listed in the policy do not by themselves indicate coverage; determine reconstructive vs cosmetic designation before billing.
- Prior review/authorization may be required based on member contract and state requirements.
Prior authorization guided by InterQual and member benefits
Follow InterQual clinical criteria where applicable (e.g., Tissue Transfer/Flap and Orthognathic Surgery) and verify federal, state, or contractual benefit requirements in the member's file when requesting prior authorization or making coverage determinations.
- Use InterQual CP: Procedures, Tissue Transfer (Flap) for flap repairs (see policy statement).
- InterQual CP: Procedures, Orthognathic Surgery is referenced for jaw reconstruction per the policy revision.
- Confirm the member's federal, state, or contractual benefit requirements; these govern in the event of conflict with the policy.
Provide complete, legible supporting documentation
Ensure all required supporting documentation is available and legible in the patient's medical record; documentation may be requested to assess whether clinical criteria for coverage are met and does not guarantee coverage.
- Make documentation available upon request to support any coverage review.
- Documentation may be required even when InterQual criteria are used and coverage is not guaranteed by submission of records.
Step therapy not specified
No step therapy requirements are specified in this policy segment; do not apply step therapy conditions unless separately required by the member's benefit plan or another applicable guideline.
- Verify plan-specific benefits for any stepwise treatment prerequisites not covered in this document.
Document history, exam, and diagnostic results
Include in the medical record the relevant medical history, physical examination, and results of pertinent diagnostic tests or procedures that together fully support the medical necessity for the requested service.
- Relevant medical history and physical exam findings.
- Pertinent diagnostic test results or procedure reports.
Maintain legible, accessible medical records supporting necessity
Ensure the patient's medical record contains legible documentation that fully supports medical necessity and make it available upon request; documentation may be required to assess clinical criteria for coverage.
- Maintain legible records in the patient's chart.
- Provide records on request for coverage review; presence of documentation does not guarantee coverage.
Insufficient documentation may cause denial
Be aware that lack of medical record documentation (relevant history, physical exam, diagnostic tests) supporting medical necessity may result in denial of the request.
- Failure to provide supporting records can lead to denial of service coverage.
Documentation gaps risk denial or non-approval
Understand that inadequate medical records that do not fully support medical necessity may result in denial or inability to approve the requested services; documentation may be required but does not guarantee approval.
- Complete, adequate documentation is necessary to satisfy clinical criteria; incomplete records risk non-approval.
Background and Scope
Reconstructive procedures are intended to treat a physical and/or physiological abnormality resulting from injury, illness, developmental abnormality, or congenital anomaly with the goal of improving or restoring physiological function. The policy contrasts this with Cosmetic Procedures, which are performed to reshape or enhance appearance without improving physiological function. The document also specifies that correcting a congenital anatomical anomaly that does not restore physiologic function remains classified as cosmetic, and that psychological or social effects alone do not reclassify such procedures as reconstructive.
Key Definitions
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