Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) coverage
Customize your policy alerts
Sign up for all northwood policy alerts
Know when northwood releases new policies or updates existing guidance.
Monitor payer policy activity
Defines coverage criteria, limitations, and supporting diagnosis codes for automatic external defibrillators (wearable and non-wearable) for Northwood members; affects ordering practitioners and members meeting medical necessity criteria.
No material clinical or coverage changes in this revision.
Coverage Criteria and Limitations
inv-01: Wearable defibrillator (K0606) coverage criteria
Covered when ANY one of the following wearable-device criteria is met:
Must be ordered by the member's treating practitioner who is experienced in management of members at risk for sudden cardiac death.
Must be ordered by the member's treating practitioner.
Reference diagnosis codes in the policy's supporting diagnosis section.
Reference diagnosis codes in the policy's supporting diagnosis section.
inv-02: Non-wearable defibrillator (E0617) coverage criteria
Covered when EITHER both criteria (i) and (ii) are met, or criterion (iii) is met:
Path A: both (i) and (ii)
- Conditions 1–8: 1. Documented cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation, not due to a transient or reversible cause; 2. A sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmia lasting 30 seconds or longer, spontaneous or induced during an EP study, not associated with acute myocardial infarction and not due to a transient or reversible cause; 3. Familial or inherited high‑risk conditions (e.g., long QT syndrome, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy); 4. Coronary artery disease with documented prior myocardial infarction, measured LVEF ≤ 0.35, and inducible sustained VT or VF on EP study (MI occurred >4 weeks before prescription/SWO and EP test performed >4 weeks after the qualifying MI); 5. Documented prior myocardial infarction and measured LVEF ≤ 0.30, provided the member does NOT have: (a) cardiogenic shock or symptomatic hypotension while in a stable baseline rhythm; (b) CABG or PTCA within past 3 months; (c) an enzyme‑positive MI within the past month; (d) clinical findings making them a candidate for coronary revascularization; (e) irreversible brain damage from preexisting cerebral disease; or (f) any noncardiac disease with life expectancy <1 year; 6. Ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy with prior MI, NYHA Class II–III, and measured LVEF ≤ 35%; 7. Nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy >3 months, NYHA Class II–III, and measured LVEF ≤ 35%; 8. Members who meet one of criteria 1–7 and have NYHA Class IV heart failure.
Reference diagnosis codes in the policy's supporting diagnosis section.
inv-03: Indications/Documentation/Modifier Requirements
Coverage and documentation conditions
Modifier required when policy criteria are met.
Documentation must be provided before delivery for applicable DME items.
Case‑by‑case determinations; equipment primarily for non‑medical purposes is not considered DME.
Devices used for diagnoses other than those specifically listed in this policy are excluded. The policy states that the efficacy of the devices has not been proven when used for diagnoses other than those listed and such uses will not be covered.
Equipment that is used primarily and customarily for a non-medical purpose is not considered durable medical equipment. Final coverage is determined on a case-by-case basis and is subject to the member's contract terms, limitations, and exclusions; therefore, even when an item appears relevant to clinical criteria, coverage remains subject to review and the member's contract language.
Policy history and administrative notes are reviewed annually; historical entries record reviews and coding updates (for example, a corrected HCPCS code noted in recent annual review activity). These historical notes document periodic review dates and coding adjustments but do not themselves establish additional clinical exclusions.
Claims submitted for defibrillators for indications other than those specified in this policy will be denied as not reasonable and necessary. Providers should confirm that the patient meets the listed clinical criteria before billing to avoid denial for non-covered indications.
Application of modifier GZ indicates that the item or service is expected to be denied as not reasonable and necessary. Suppliers and providers should use modifiers per policy instructions and only apply GZ when appropriate, recognizing that its presence signals an anticipated denial under the coverage rules.
HCPCS, Modifiers, and Diagnosis Codes
| K0606 | Wearable defibrillator |
| E0617 | Non-wearable automatic defibrillator |
| I21.01 | ST elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction involving left main coronary artery |
| I21.02 | ST elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction involving left anterior descending coronary artery |
| I21.09 | STEMI involving other coronary artery of anterior wall |
| I49.01 | Ventricular fibrillation |
| I47.21 | Torsades de pointes |
| I25.5 | Ischemic cardiomyopathy |
| I42.0 | Dilated cardiomyopathy |
| I45.81 | Long QT syndrome |
| E0617 | EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR WITH INTEGRATED ELECTROCARDIOGRAM ANALYSIS |
| K0606 | DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT, MISCELLANEOUS AUTOMATIC EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR, WITH INTEGRATED ELECTROCARDIOGRAM ANALYSIS, GARMENT TYPE (wearable) |
| A9999 | MISCELLANEOUS DME SUPPLY OR ACCESSORY, NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED (replacement supplies for E0617 per policy) |
| K0607 | REPLACEMENT BATTERY FOR AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR, GARMENT TYPE ONLY, EACH |
| K0608 | REPLACEMENT GARMENT FOR USE WITH AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR, EACH |
| K0609 | REPLACEMENT ELECTRODES FOR USE WITH AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR, GARMENT TYPE ONLY, EACH |
| A9270 | Other types of defibrillators (per coding guideline: other types coded as A9270) |
| I21.0 | ST elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction (various subsite codes referenced across chunks) |
| I25.2 | Old myocardial infarction |
| I42.0 | Dilated cardiomyopathy (and related I42.x series for cardiomyopathies) |
| I46.8 | Cardiac arrest due to other underlying condition |
| I49.01 | Ventricular fibrillation |
| T82.110A | Breakdown (mechanical) of cardiac electrode, initial encounter (and related T82.x device complication codes) |
| EY | No physician or other health care provider order for this item or service |
| GA | Waiver of liability statement on file |
| GZ | Item or service expected to be denied as not reasonable and necessary |
| KX | Requirements specified in the medical policy have been met |
| E0617 | Corrected HCPC code for AED (was previously listed as K0617) |
| I25.5 | Chronic ischemic heart disease |
| I50.1 | Left ventricular failure |
| I50.20 | Unspecified systolic (congestive) heart failure |
| I50.21 | Acute systolic (congestive) heart failure |
| I50.22 | Chronic systolic (congestive) heart failure |
| I50.23 | Acute on chronic systolic (congestive) heart failure |
| I50.30 | Unspecified diastolic (congestive) heart failure |
| I50.31 | Acute diastolic (congestive) heart failure |
| I50.32 | Chronic diastolic (congestive) heart failure |
| I50.33 | Acute on chronic diastolic (congestive) heart failure |
Ordering, Documentation, Modifiers, and Billing Guidance
Prior authorization and practitioner order required
Coverage requires a practitioner order from the member's treating practitioner; wearable defibrillator (K0606) and non‑wearable automatic defibrillator (E0617) are covered only when the member meets the specific clinical criteria listed in the policy. The treating practitioner is expected to be experienced in managing members at risk for sudden cardiac death.
- Device coverage is conditional on meeting the policy's medical necessity criteria.
- Order must come from the member's treating practitioner.
KX modifier use tied to meeting all policy criteria
Suppliers must append the KX modifier only when all criteria in the Indications and Limitations of Coverage/Medical Necessity section of this policy have been met. Coverage determinations remain subject to the member’s contract and final benefit determination.
- Add KX only if every policy criterion is satisfied.
- Plan contract language and case‑by‑case determinations govern final coverage.
Follow Medicare/LCD documentation alignment
Policy language and edits were made to align with Medicare documentation practices; follow applicable Medicare documentation and local LCD/NCD rules when seeking authorization, including prescription/standard written order (SWO) expectations where applicable.
- Follow Medicare LCD/NCD guidance cited in References when pursuing Medicare coverage.
- Policy added prescription/SWO and treating practitioner language for Medicare alignment.
Implantation must be contraindicated for specified non‑wearable criteria
For non‑wearable device coverage paths that require implantation to be contraindicated, the policy explicitly requires that implantation surgery be contraindicated as a condition of coverage (Path A, criterion (ii)).
- Implantation surgery must be contraindicated to meet that non‑wearable coverage pathway.
(Reserved for additional provider actions.)
(Reserved for referenced Medicare/LCD callouts.)
Order must come from the treating practitioner with SCD experience
The device must be ordered by the member’s treating practitioner; the policy states the treating practitioner is expected to be experienced in the management of members at risk for sudden cardiac death.
- Order must originate from the treating practitioner.
- Practitioner should have experience managing SCD‑risk patients.
ACA 6407 face‑to‑face exam and documentation required
Per ACA 6407, the treating physician must perform a face‑to‑face examination within six months prior to the written order; documentation describing the medical condition must be received by the supplier prior to delivery for certain DME items.
- Face‑to‑face exam within six months before the written order is required.
- Supplier must receive supporting documentation before delivery for affected DME items.
Follow current modifier (GA/GZ) and documentation practices
Policy revisions have historically instructed use of GA and GZ modifiers and added prescription/standard written order (SWO) language; providers should follow the current modifier and documentation instructions reflected in this policy and applicable Medicare LCD/NCD guidance.
- Historical guidance included GA/GZ modifier instructions.
- Current practice: follow policy and applicable Medicare/LCD guidance for modifiers and documentation.
Claims for other indications will be denied
Claims submitted for defibrillators used for indications other than those listed in this policy will be denied as not reasonable and necessary.
- Do not submit claims for unrelated indications; such claims will be denied.
GZ modifier indicates expected denial
Use of modifier GZ signals the item or service is expected to be denied as not reasonable and necessary.
- Append GZ to indicate anticipated denial when appropriate per policy guidance.
Use corrected HCPCS code E0617 to avoid coding mismatch
The policy corrected an earlier HCPCS listing (K0617) to the proper code E0617; failure to use the corrected HCPCS code may cause claim processing issues or denials.
- Update claims to use E0617 (corrected code) for the non‑wearable device.
- Incorrect/legacy coding may trigger denials or processing errors.
Background and Clinical Context
An automatic external defibrillator (AED) is a device capable of monitoring cardiac rhythms, detecting dysrhythmias, and delivering a shock to the heart when appropriate without user decision making. AEDs are intended for members at elevated risk of sudden cardiac death and function by continuously assessing rhythm and delivering therapy when a shockable rhythm is detected.
Definitions
OpenPayer is powered by Trek Health's payer performance platform. Trek continuously ingests, validates, and normalizes Transparency in Coverage data alongside payer policies and other commercial payer data to create a structured payer intelligence foundation. OpenPayer uses this foundation to deliver personalized search results, dynamically generated policy pages, and tailored policy monitoring based on each user's payers, specialties, billing codes, and areas of interest. The same intelligence powers broader payer performance workflows, including reimbursement benchmarking, contract evaluation, payer negotiations, and financial decision-making.