Clinical Review Criteria — Radiopharmaceuticals (Lutathera and Pluvicto)
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Clinical review criteria governing medical necessity determinations for Lutathium Lu 177 dotatate (Lutathera) for somatostatin receptor‑positive GEP‑NETs and Lutetium Lu 177 vipivotide tetraxetan (Pluvicto) for metastatic castration‑resistant prostate cancer, for use by Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington providers and members.
MPC approved to adopt hybrid medical necessity criteria for Lutetium Lu 177 vipivotide tetraxetan (Pluvicto); effective 12/01/2026.
Updated radiologic response language with parentheticals to clarify intent under renewal criteria.
Coverage Criteria for Radiopharmaceutical Therapies
inv-01: Lutathera (Dotatate) — Non-Medicare initial criteria
Candidates must meet ALL of the following:
inv-02: Lutathera — Contraindications / Not covered conditions
inv-03: Pluvicto (Vipivotide Tetraxetan) — Initial criteria
Lutetium Lu 177 vipivotide tetraxetan is considered medically necessary when ALL of the following are met:
inv-04: Pluvicto — Diagnostic/lab and performance requirements
inv-05: Pluvicto — Approval and renewal logic
inv-06: Agent-specific Evidence Summaries
Evidence summaries and conclusions for specific radiopharmaceutical agents
Heterogeneity, lack of masking, and limited between-group statistical analyses downgraded certainty.
Single small retrospective study without comparative data.
Single small retrospective study without long‑term follow‑up or comparative data.
Per policy, Pluvicto (Lutetium Lu 177 vipivotide tetraxetan) treatment beyond a total of 6 doses as specified in the FDA-approved regimen is considered investigational and will not be authorized.
Some CPT/HCPCS codes may have been deleted or may not be in effect at the time of service; such codes may not be covered. Providers should verify current code status and plan-specific authorization requirements using the Pre-authorization Code Check before submitting requests.
Lutathera therapy is not covered when any of the listed contraindications or exclusion conditions are present. Examples include women who are pregnant or breastfeeding, pediatric patients (<18 years), recent major procedures or loco-regional therapies or chemotherapy within 4 weeks prior to initiation, known untreated brain metastases, uncontrolled congestive heart failure (NYHA II–IV), inability to interrupt somatostatin analog therapy as specified, prior external beam radiation to more than 25% of the bone marrow, or current spontaneous urinary incontinence that makes administration unsafe.
The available evidence for lutetium-based PRLTs has important limitations. Overall certainty is rated low to very low because many data come from retrospective or noncomparative observational studies and a small number of randomized trials. Observational series show variable PSA declines and response rates, and RCTs and cohort studies exhibit heterogeneity in populations and protocols, limited masking, small sample sizes, and in several trials lack of between-group comparative analyses—factors that reduce confidence in efficacy and safety estimates.
Billing and Coding
Provider Actions, Prior Authorization, and Documentation
Pluvicto prior authorization and approval quantities
If initial Pluvicto criteria are met, approve four doses. If renewal criteria are met (patient tolerated medication and demonstrated evidence of response by PSA response OR radiologic response on CT and NM bone scan OR clinical benefit per treating physician), approve two additional doses. Total treatment greater than six doses is considered investigational and not approved.
- Initial approval: 4 doses
- Renewal approval (if renewal criteria met): 2 doses
- Maximum total doses per FDA regimen: 6 (>6 investigational)
Pre-authorization required for listed HCPCS codes
Pre-authorization is required for the listed HCPCS codes when criteria are met; providers must verify authorization requirements for a specific code and plan via the Pre-authorization Code Check.
Lutathera step therapy requirement
Lutathera candidates must have progressive disease while on somatostatin analog therapy (SSA) and SSA must be interrupted per protocol prior to administration (short-acting SSA stopped 24 hours before; LAR SSA interrupted at least 4 weeks prior; short-acting SSA may be used as a bridge but stopped 24 hours before treatment).
- Progressive disease on SSA required
- Interrupt short-acting SSA ≥24 hours before Lutathera
- Interrupt long-acting (LAR) SSA ≥4 weeks before initiation
- Short-acting SSA may be used as bridge but stopped 24 hours before treatment
Step therapy / sequencing note
Revision history documents that the medical policy committee approved adoption of hybrid medical necessity criteria for Pluvicto (Lutetium Lu 177 vipivotide tetraxetan); see revision history for sequencing and step therapy adoption details.
- 07/07/2026: MPC approved to adopt hybrid medical necessity criteria for Pluvicto; effective 12/01/2026
- Revision history notes clarifications to renewal radiologic response language
Lutathera required documentation
Document metastatic or locally advanced unresectable GEP‑NET, Ki‑67 ≤20% (patients with higher-grade disease evaluated case-by-case), progressive disease on somatostatin analog therapy, age ≥18, and somatostatin receptor overexpression on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT within the prior 3 months; monitoring labs must be performed at baseline within 4 weeks, 4–6 weeks after each injection, and 2 days prior to subsequent injections.
- Diagnosis: metastatic or locally advanced unresectable GEP‑NET
- Ki‑67 protein ≤20% (higher-grade evaluated case-by-case)
- Evidence of progressive disease on SSA
- Age ≥18 years
- 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT showing somatostatin receptor overexpression within 3 months
- Monitoring labs: baseline within 4 weeks; 4–6 weeks after each injection; 2 days prior to subsequent injections
Pluvicto required documentation
For Pluvicto, provide baseline CT and/or bone scan of chest/abdomen/pelvis within the prior 2 months showing at least one visible lesion, and a PSMA PET within the past 3 months demonstrating at least one lesion with uptake greater than normal liver; document required laboratory thresholds and ECOG performance status per criteria.
- Baseline CT/bone scan of chest/abdomen/pelvis within prior 2 months with ≥1 visible lesion
- PSMA PET within past 3 months with ≥1 lesion uptake > normal liver
- Document labs (WBC, ANC, Hgb, platelets, bilirubin, AST/ALT, creatinine/CrCl, albumin) and ECOG PS 0–2
Lutathera coverage exclusions
Lutathera is not covered if the patient had recent surgery, radioembolization, chemoembolization, radiofrequency ablation, or chemotherapy within 4 weeks prior to initiation; other exclusions include untreated brain metastases, uncontrolled CHF (NYHA II–IV), inability to interrupt SSA as specified, prior external beam radiation to >25% of bone marrow, and current spontaneous urinary incontinence making administration unsafe.
- No recent (within 4 weeks) surgery, radioembolization, chemoembolization, radiofrequency ablation, or chemotherapy
- No known brain metastases unless treated and stabilized
- No uncontrolled CHF (NYHA II–IV)
- Must be able to interrupt SSA per protocol
- No prior external beam radiation to >25% of bone marrow
- No current spontaneous urinary incontinence that makes administration unsafe
Pluvicto initial criteria failure
Do not approve Pluvicto if the initial criteria are not met — examples include age <18, no baseline CT/bone scan within prior 2 months, no prior androgen‑receptor pathway inhibitor, no prior taxane chemotherapy, absence of a PSMA‑positive lesion (uptake greater than liver), or presence of PSMA‑negative lesions exceeding size criteria.
- Age <18 years — not approved
- No baseline CT/bone scan of chest/abdomen/pelvis within prior 2 months showing a visible lesion
- No prior androgen‑receptor pathway inhibitor treatment
- No prior taxane-based chemotherapy for mCRPC (≥2 cycles)
- No PSMA-positive lesion with uptake > normal liver within past 3 months
- PSMA‑negative lesions exceeding size criteria (visceral ≥1 cm; lymph node ≥2.5 cm; bone ≥1 cm)
Background and Context
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP‑NETs) are uncommon but appear to be rising in incidence. Initial systemic therapy typically uses somatostatin analogs (SSA), and treatment options beyond first-line therapy are limited. Lutathera (Lutetium Lu 177 dotatate) is a radiolabeled somatostatin analog administered as four infusions (the initial regimen) and is indicated for somatostatin receptor–positive GEP‑NETs when patients meet the policy criteria.
Definitions and Key Terms
Revision History
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