Myoelectric Prosthetic and Orthotic Components for the Upper Limb
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This policy governs medical necessity, prior authorization, and coverage of myoelectric upper-limb prosthetic and orthotic components for Blue Cross Blue Shield Massachusetts members, specifying when devices are considered medically necessary versus investigational and required authorization processes.
No material clinical or coverage changes in this revision.
Coverage Criteria and Determinations
Medical necessity for myoelectric upper-limb prosthetic components
Covered when ALL of the following are met:
Investigational / Not covered conditions
Coverage conclusions by device and indication
Coverage stance summarized from evidence sections
The policy specifically lists HCPCS codes and device types that are described as investigational or excluded from coverage. Examples include A8005 (powered, cable-driven grip assist glove with microprocessor and pressure sensors), A8006 (powered grip assist glove replacement), L6700 (upper extremity addition: external powered feature, myoelectronic control module, additional EMG inputs, pattern‑recognition decoding intent movement), and L6880 (electric hand with independently articulating digits, any grasp pattern, includes motor(s)).
The policy states that for amputations distal to the wrist, no peer‑reviewed publications evaluating functional outcomes for myoelectric prostheses with individually powered digits were identified. Consequently, the evidence is judged insufficient to determine that these devices improve net health outcomes.
Myoelectric upper‑limb prosthetic components that do not meet the specified medical necessity criteria are considered investigational under all other conditions. The policy requires that coverage be limited to cases meeting the defined eligibility, functional, and evaluation criteria.
Sensor‑integrated and other advanced myoelectric‑controlled prostheses (for example, DEKA/LUKE prototypes and similar devices) and myoelectric controlled upper‑limb orthoses have been studied only in small or early series with mixed results. The summary of evidence indicates improvements were inconsistent across functional measures and there were no clear differences in dexterity, prosthetic skill, spontaneity, pain, community integration, or quality of life; therefore the evidence is insufficient to determine a clinical benefit for these advanced sensor/myoelectric systems or for myoelectric orthoses.
Coding
| L6975 | terminal device Electric hand, switch or myoelectric controlled, adult. |
| L7007 | Electric hand, switch or myoelectric controlled, pediatric. |
| L7008 | Electric hook, switch or myoelectric controlled, adult / pediatric (appears in sequence). |
| L7009 | Electric hook, switch or myoelectric controlled, pediatric. |
| L7045 | Electric hook, switch or myoelectric controlled, pediatric (listed in range). |
| L7180 | Electronic elbow, microprocessor sequential control of elbow and terminal device. |
| L7181 | Electronic elbow, microprocessor simultaneous control of elbow and terminal device. |
| L7190 | Electronic elbow, adolescent, Variety Village or equal, myoelectronically controlled. |
| L7191 | Electronic elbow, child, Variety Village or equal, myoelectronically controlled. |
| A8005 | Powered, cable driven grip assist glove, hand, finger, includes microprocessor, pressure sensors, all components and accessories, custom fitted. |
| A8006 | Powered, cable driven grip assist glove, hand, finger, includes pressure sensors, glove replacement only. |
| L6700 | Upper extremity addition, external powered feature, myoelectronic control module, additional EMG inputs, pattern-recognition decoding intent movement. |
| L6880 | Electric hand, switch or myoelectric controlled, independently articulating digits, any grasp pattern or combination of grasp patterns, includes motor(s). |
| F0DZ8UZ | Prosthesis Device Fitting using Prosthesis. |
| F0DZ8FZ | Prosthesis Device Fitting using Assistive, Adaptive, Supportive or Protective Equipment. |
Prior Authorization, Documentation, and Provider Requirements
Precertification required for inpatient; outpatient varies by product
Precertification/preauthorization is required for all inpatient services described in this policy; outpatient prior authorization requirements vary by product (Commercial Managed Care and Commercial PPO require prior authorization; Medicare HMO and Medicare PPO do not).
- Inpatient services: precertification/preauthorization IS REQUIRED for all products if performed inpatient.
- Outpatient services: prior authorization requirement depends on product — Commercial Managed Care and Commercial PPO require prior authorization; Medicare HMO and Medicare PPO do not.
Use Authorization Manager; prior authorization applies to PPO per policy clarifications
Submit prior authorization requests using Authorization Manager; the policy clarifies prior authorization procedures and applicability to PPO plans and other products.
- Use Authorization Manager to submit initial authorization requests and the Complete Prior Authorization Request Form (973).
- Policy history notes clarifications to prior authorization processes, including prior authorization information clarified for PPO plans (effective 6/1/2022).
Independent qualified professional evaluation required
An independent qualified professional must evaluate the amputee and verify that the member meets all medical necessity criteria and determine the most appropriate prosthetic components and control mechanism.
- The independent qualified professional must confirm eligibility criteria (amputation level, muscle signal adequacy, cognitive/neurologic function, absence of interfering comorbidities).
- They must determine whether body-powered, myoelectric, or a hybrid system is most appropriate and verify the member meets the device criteria.
Adhere to administrative and coding clarifications in policy history
Follow the policy's administrative notes and coding clarifications when preparing authorization requests and documentation.
- Policy history includes multiple clarifications to coding information and administrative process; ensure submitted coding matches policy-listed HCPCS/ICD-10 procedure codes.
- Confirm that requested device meets the medical necessity criteria before submission to avoid administrative delays.
Submit requests through Authorization Manager (fax for out‑of‑network) with supporting clinical documentation
Providers must submit prior authorization requests via Authorization Manager (or fax for out-of-network) and include clinical documentation demonstrating the member meets medical necessity criteria, including independent evaluation and functional evaluation results.
- Enter facility NPI/provider ID and servicing provider NPI as instructed in Authorization Manager.
- Include clinical documentation that demonstrates amputation level, body-powered insufficiency, residual musculature meets microvolt threshold, cognitive/neurologic status, absence of interfering comorbidities, and functional evaluation outcomes.
Provide documentation per updated prior authorization and coding clarifications
Policy history clarifies prior authorization processes (including use of Authorization Manager) and coding; provide required documentation and follow policy coding when requesting authorization.
- Policy history entries note clarifications to prior authorization procedures and coding information—review these when preparing requests.
- For out-of-network providers, fax prior authorization requests to 888-282-0780 as specified.
Advanced sensor/myoelectric devices and individually powered-digit prostheses are investigational
Requests for advanced devices with both sensor and myoelectric control (e.g., LUKE Arm), prostheses with individually powered digits (including partial-hand devices), and myoelectric-controlled upper-limb orthoses are considered investigational and may be denied.
- Advanced sensor + myoelectric devices (example: LUKE Arm) are explicitly labeled INVESTIGATIONAL.
- Prostheses with individually powered digits and myoelectric orthoses are also considered INVESTIGATIONAL and excluded from coverage.
Not obtaining required preauthorization may lead to denial or delayed payment
Failure to obtain required precertification/preauthorization for inpatient services or required outpatient prior authorization (per product rules) may result in claim denial or delayed payment.
- Inpatient procedures without required precertification/preauthorization may be denied.
- Outpatient procedures performed without required prior authorization for applicable products (e.g., Commercial PPO) may be denied or delayed.
PPO prior authorization clarifications — use Authorization Manager to submit requests
Prior authorization requirements for PPO plans and procedures may be submitted using Authorization Manager; the policy history documents clarifications to prior authorization processes including PPO applicability.
- Policy history notes that prior authorization information was clarified for PPO plans (effective 6/1/2022).
- Authorization Manager is the primary submission tool for initial authorization requests and prior authorization forms.
Background
Upper‑limb amputation may result from trauma, surgery, or congenital conditions. The primary goals of prosthetic management are to restore function (for example gripping, releasing, holding, and coordinated movement needed for activities of daily living) and to improve appearance. Prosthetic options range from passive devices (nonpowered, mainly cosmetic), to body‑powered systems (harness and cable driven), to myoelectric devices that use residual muscle EMG signals to power motors and terminal devices; device selection depends on amputation level, residual musculature, functional needs, and patient factors.
Definitions
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