Bariatric Surgery (Coverage Criteria)
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Defines medical necessity, not medically necessary procedures, coding guidance, and clinical considerations for bariatric and endoscopic obesity procedures for Arizona Complete Health members.
Single-anastomosis duodenoileal bypass (SADI/SADI-S) was added to the Description and to eligibility criteria; CPT code 43999 was added for SADI-S.
BMI thresholds and race/ethnicity-specific thresholds were updated (e.g., for South Asian, Southeast Asian, and East Asian adults).
Removed previous preoperative evaluation and medical clearance requirements and consolidated them into new requirements I.B.1 through I.B.3.
Several comorbid conditions (eg, pseudotumor cerebri, chronic kidney disease, infertility, polycystic ovarian syndrome, atrial fibrillation, heart failure) were added to indications/criteria lists.
CPT codes 43290, 43291, and 43632 were added to the not medically necessary table; deleted codes 0312T-0317T were removed.
Coverage Criteria and Limitations
General coverage precondition
Covered when ALL required policy sections and criteria are met (I.A and I.B per corrected policy statement).
Policy statement corrected to require both I.A and I.B to be met (see revisions).
Not Medically Necessary Procedures
Not medically necessary procedures
See coding tables for specific CPT codes that do not support medical necessity.
The policy identifies a set of procedures considered not medically necessary for bariatric treatment due to safety concerns, limited evidence of long-term benefit, or abandonment from clinical practice. Examples include jejunoileal bypass (JIB) and related intestinal bypass procedures, which are no longer performed because of high complication and revisional surgery rates; vertical-banded gastroplasty (VBG), which has fallen out of favor and is described as essentially no longer performed; and earlier endoscopic approaches such as the intragastric (gastric) balloon, which were removed from the market in the U.S. for complications like balloon deflation and migration. The policy also lists procedures that have not demonstrated durable benefit—such as gastric pacing—and other experimental or sparsely studied techniques (for example, some forms of gastric wrapping and certain endoscopic revision methods) as not medically necessary.
Coverage determinations under this clinical policy are subject to the member’s benefit plan documents and any applicable legal or regulatory requirements. The Health Plan retains the right to change, amend, or withdraw this clinical policy, and providers should verify plan-specific effective dates and authorization processes. For Medicaid members, state Medicaid coverage provisions take precedence where they conflict with this clinical policy; providers should consult the applicable state Medicaid manual for specific coverage rules.
The policy lists specific procedure codes and named operations that do not support medical necessity for bariatric coverage. CPT codes identified include 43290 and 43291 for deployment and removal of intragastric bariatric balloons, codes for gastric neurostimulator implantation/revision (43647, 43648, 43881, 43882, 64590, 64595), and codes representing historical or abandoned procedures such as 43632 (partial distal gastrectomy with gastrojejunostomy) and 43842 (vertical-banded gastroplasty). The policy text specifically names procedures like jejunoileal bypass (JIB), vertical-banded gastroplasty (VBG), gastric balloon, and gastric pacing as not medically necessary due to complications, lack of durable benefit, or removal from the market.
Coding Guidance
| 43644 | Laparoscopy, surgical, gastric restrictive procedure; with gastric bypass and Roux-en-Y gastroenterostomy (roux limb 150 cm or less). |
| 43645 | Laparoscopy, surgical, gastric restrictive procedure; with gastric bypass and small intestine reconstruction to limit absorption. |
| 43770 | Laparoscopy, surgical, gastric restrictive procedure; placement of adjustable gastric restrictive device (eg, gastric band and subcutaneous port components). |
| 43771 | Laparoscopy, surgical, gastric restrictive procedure; revision of adjustable gastric restrictive device component only. |
| 43772 | Laparoscopy, surgical, gastric restrictive procedure; removal of adjustable gastric restrictive device component only. |
| 43773 | Laparoscopy, surgical, gastric restrictive procedure; removal and replacement of adjustable gastric restrictive device component only. |
| 43774 | Laparoscopy, surgical, gastric restrictive procedure; removal of adjustable gastric restrictive device and subcutaneous port components. |
| 43775 | Laparoscopy, surgical, gastric restrictive procedure; longitudinal gastrectomy (ie, sleeve gastrectomy). |
| 43843 | Gastric restrictive procedure, without gastric bypass, for morbid obesity; other than vertical-banded gastroplasty. |
| 43845 | Gastric restrictive procedure with partial gastrectomy, pylorus-preserving duodenoileostomy and ileoileostomy (50 to 100 cm common channel) to limit absorption (biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch). |
| 43846 | Gastric restrictive procedure, with gastric bypass for morbid obesity; with short limb (150 cm or less) Roux-en-Y gastroenterostomy. |
| 43848 | Revision, open, of gastric restrictive procedure for morbid obesity, other than adjustable gastric restrictive device (separate procedure). |
| 43860 | Revision of gastrojejunal anastomosis (gastrojejunostomy) with reconstruction, with or without partial gastrectomy or intestine resection; without vagotomy. |
| 43865 | Revision of gastrojejunal anastomosis (gastrojejunostomy) with reconstruction, with or without partial gastrectomy or intestine resection; with vagotomy. |
| 43886 | Gastric restrictive procedure, open; revision of subcutaneous port component only. |
| 43887 | Gastric restrictive procedure, open; removal of subcutaneous port component only. |
| 43888 | Gastric restrictive procedure, open; removal and replacement of subcutaneous port component only. |
| 43999 | Unlisted procedure, stomach. |
| 43290 | Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; with deployment of intragastric bariatric balloon. |
| 43291 | Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; with removal of intragastric bariatric balloon(s). |
| 43632 | Gastrectomy, partial, distal; with gastrojejunostomy. |
| 43647 | Laparoscopy, surgical; implantation or replacement of gastric neurostimulator electrodes, antrum. |
| 43648 | Laparoscopy, surgical; revision or removal of gastric neurostimulator electrodes, antrum. |
| 43842 | Gastric restrictive procedure, without gastric bypass, for morbid obesity; vertical-banded gastroplasty. |
| 43847 | Gastric restrictive procedure, with gastric bypass for morbid obesity; with small intestine reconstruction to limit absorption. |
| 43881 | Implantation or replacement of gastric neurostimulator electrodes, antrum, open. |
| 43882 | Revision or removal of gastric neurostimulator electrodes, antrum, open. |
| 64590 | Insertion or replacement of peripheral or gastric neurostimulator pulse generator or receiver, direct or inductive coupling. |
| S2083 | Adjustment of gastric band diameter via subcutaneous port by injection or aspiration of saline. |
Provider Requirements and Authorization
Obtain prior authorization and include CPT/HCPCS codes
Prior authorization is required for bariatric procedures that meet medical necessity under this policy. When requesting authorization include the applicable CPT or HCPCS procedure codes (examples of covered codes include 43644, 43645, 43770, 43771, 43772, 43773, 43774, 43775, 43843, 43845, 43846, 43848, 43860, 43865, 43886, 43887, 43888, 43999 and HCPCS S2083).
- Include the exact CPT/HCPCS codes for the planned procedure on the prior authorization request.
Verify effective date and plan-specific prior authorization process
This clinical policy is a guide for medical necessity determinations; the Health Plan sets the effective date and may change, amend, or withdraw the policy or prior authorization processes. Providers should verify the policy effective date and follow plan-specific authorization procedures.
- The clinical policy is effective as of the date determined by the Health Plan and the posting date may not be the effective date.
- Health Plan retains the right to change policy, prior authorization requirements, and plan-level administrative procedures.
Follow consolidated preoperative evaluation requirements (I.B.1–I.B.3)
Providers must follow the current consolidated preoperative evaluation requirements now specified in sections I.B.1 through I.B.3; medical evaluation must be documented by a physician other than the surgeon as required by the updated policy language.
- Previous separate preoperative evaluation and medical clearance requirements were removed and replaced with consolidated I.B.1–I.B.3 requirements.
- Documented medical evaluation from a physician other than the surgeon is required per the revised preoperative evaluation language.
No step therapy specified in this policy
No explicit step therapy requirements are stated in the policy chunks reviewed. Providers should not assume any step therapy steps are mandated by this clinical policy but must confirm plan-level requirements if applicable.
- The document states no explicit step therapy requirements in the provided sections.
- Verify any plan-level or contractual step therapy rules separately with the Health Plan.
Document preoperative evaluation per updated I.B.1–I.B.3
Ensure preoperative evaluation documentation complies with the policy’s revised requirements: the prior separate clearance items were replaced by consolidated I.B.1–I.B.3 and must be followed and recorded in the member’s chart.
- Follow the updated I.B.1–I.B.3 preoperative evaluation requirements.
- Document the medical evaluation performed by a physician other than the surgeon as specified.
Comply with plan-level administrative, contractual, and legal requirements
Providers must comply with Health Plan-level administrative policies, contractual terms, and applicable state and federal requirements when submitting claims and seeking authorization; they remain responsible for claims submission and adherence to plan rules.
- Coverage and administration are subject to terms, conditions, exclusions, and limitations of the member’s coverage documents.
- State Medicaid provisions take precedence where they conflict with this clinical policy; follow contractual and regulatory obligations.
Risk of denial when using CPT codes that do not support medical necessity
Claims submitted for bariatric surgery using CPT codes listed in the policy’s 'do not support medical necessity' table are at risk for denial if billed for bariatric surgery coverage.
Coverage determinations subject to coverage documents and law
Coverage decisions and benefit administration for bariatric procedures are governed by the member’s coverage documents and applicable laws; this clinical policy does not guarantee payment and may be changed by the Health Plan.
- Decisions are subject to all terms, conditions, exclusions, and limitations of the coverage documents and to state and federal requirements.
- The Health Plan may change, amend, or withdraw this clinical policy at any time; verify coverage and effective dates with the plan.
Definitions and Procedure Descriptions
Background and Clinical Context
Endoscopic and endoluminal techniques have been developed as less invasive approaches for weight loss or for revising previous bariatric operations, but the policy notes that long-term outcomes and durability are limited. Examples include endoscopic revision techniques such as sclerotherapy, tissue plication, and endoclip placement to reduce pouch or stoma size after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, as well as endoluminal vertical gastroplasty/gastric plication. Endoscopic gastrointestinal bypass devices (EGIBD or endobarriers) act as proximal small‑intestinal barriers but have limited evidence regarding sustained benefit after device removal. Overall, these endoluminal and endoscopic approaches are described in the background as having insufficient durable evidence to support routine coverage in place of established surgical procedures.
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