Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)
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Defines Aetna's medical necessity criteria, continuation rules, coding, FDA-approved indications, compendial uses, dosing guidance, and investigational exclusions for oxaliplatin (Eloxatin). Applies to Aetna members and providers submitting requests for coverage of oxaliplatin.
No material clinical or coverage changes in this revision.
Coverage Criteria for Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)
Initial Approval - Listed Indications
Aetna considers oxaliplatin (Eloxatin) medically necessary for the following indications:
Continuation of Therapy
Continuation of therapy
Medically Necessary Indications and Dosing
Covered when ALL of the following are met
Includes dose‑reduction and discontinuation guidance for neurosensory and hematologic toxicities; never dilute final preparation with sodium chloride or other chloride‑containing solutions.
Off-label or specialty-supported indications
Covered (often off‑label) when supported by clinical evidence or specialty standards and appropriate documentation
Supported systemic indications
Coverage‑aligned clinical contexts and evidence summaries (documented trial/guideline support):
Loco-regional (HIPEC/PIPAC) applications — investigational
Investigational or emerging loco‑regional applications:
Recommend use only in clinical trials or documented investigational programs with informed consent and safety monitoring.
Evidence-supported contexts
Evidence‑supported uses and contexts summarized in this document section
Aetna considers oxaliplatin (Eloxatin) experimental and investigational for a set of tumor types where effectiveness has not been established. These include: acute myeloid leukemia; breast cancer; cervical cancer; endometrial cancer; head and neck cancer; hepatocellular cancer; melanoma; mesothelioma; neuroendocrine tumors of the GI tract (except pancreas and poorly differentiated NEC), lung, and thymus; non-small cell lung cancer; prostate cancer; and urethral cancer. Use for these indications may be denied because evidence of benefit is lacking.
Pressurized intra-peritoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) with oxaliplatin for peritoneal metastasis is considered experimental and investigational because the effectiveness of this loco-regional delivery approach has not been established. Early phase trials and systematic reviews report varied dosing and limited, noncomparative safety and efficacy data; available evidence is insufficient to support routine clinical use outside of clinical studies.
Pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic chemo-protective interventions aimed at preventing oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy are considered experimental and investigational. Systematic reviews and network meta-analyses have found the evidence for preventive strategies to be inconclusive, with many interventions showing insufficient or inconsistent data to support routine use.
Oxaliplatin is contraindicated in individuals with a known allergy to oxaliplatin or other platinum-based compounds. The product labeling and safety information identify hypersensitivity to platinum agents as a contraindication and serious allergic reactions (including anaphylaxis) have been reported.
Available evidence for PIPAC or HIPEC administration of oxaliplatin (PIPAC-OX/HIPEC-OX) is limited and heterogeneous. Published reports include early phase dose-escalation studies and nonrandomized series with variable doses (PIPAC doses reported starting around 45–92 mg/m2 and escalation studies up to ~300 mg/m2). The current literature does not define a clear role, optimal dosing, or comparative effectiveness; use should be confined to clinical trials or well-documented investigational programs.
UpToDate topic reviews cited in the policy do not list oxaliplatin as a standard therapeutic option for certain contexts, for example several reviews on urothelial/bladder cancer and related management topics do not recommend oxaliplatin as a routine therapy.
This section of the Clinical Policy Bulletin summarizes investigational/experimental listings and evidence summaries but does not state any additional explicit coverage exclusions beyond those enumerated under the ‘Experimental and Investigational’ headings.
The Clinical Policy Bulletin is intended to assist in administering plan benefits but does not constitute a contract and provides only a partial, general description of plan or program benefits. Coverage is determined by applicable plan provisions and this bulletin may be updated.
When preparing oxaliplatin for infusion, never prepare a final dilution with sodium chloride or other chloride-containing solutions. The product labeling specifies that final diluents must be chloride-free; using saline as the final diluent is contraindicated for preparation.
A prior Cochrane review and subsequent updates found that, for women with metastatic breast cancer unselected for triple-negative status, platinum-based regimens provided little or no survival benefit and were associated with increased toxicity. Subgroup analyses in triple-negative metastatic breast cancer suggest a possible small survival benefit in selected patients, but overall evidence quality is limited and excess toxicity should be weighed in decision-making.
NCCN guideline summaries and UpToDate reviews cited in the policy do not include oxaliplatin as a standard option for certain indications (for example, acute myeloid leukemia and several urothelial/bladder guideline contexts), indicating oxaliplatin is not recognized as standard-of-care in those specific guideline discussions.
This section does not include explicit 'not medically necessary' statements framed as blanket denials for named approved indications; rather, it reports comparative effectiveness and safety findings and identifies specific tumor types and loco-regional applications (eg, PIPAC-OX) as experimental and investigational where the evidence is insufficient to support routine coverage.
Covered Regimens and Dosing
| Regimen | Dose / Schedule | Duration | Dose modification / toxicity guidance |
|---|---|---|---|
| FOLFOX (Eloxatin with leucovorin and 5‑FU) | |||
| Eloxatin 85 mg/m2 IV over 120 minutes concurrently with leucovorin over 120 minutes (separate bags), followed by 5‑fluorouracil bolus and 22‑hour infusion per label (administered Day 1; Day 2 leucovorin and 5‑FU as recommended) | |||
| Adjuvant: up to 12 cycles; Advanced/metastatic: continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity | |||
| Reduce oxaliplatin to 75 mg/m2 in the adjuvant setting or to 65 mg/m2 in advanced disease for persistent grade 2 neurosensory events or after recovery from grade 3/4 GI toxicity, grade 4 neutropenia, or grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia; delay next dose until neutrophils ≥1.5 × 10^9/L and platelets ≥75 × 10^9/L; discontinue for persistent grade 3 neurosensory events |
| Setting | Label-recommended dose | Allowed dose reductions |
|---|---|---|
| Adjuvant (stage III colon cancer) | ||
| Oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 IV on Day 1 every 14 days (with 5‑FU/LV per labeling); continue up to 12 cycles | ||
| Dose reduction to 75 mg/m2 for persistent grade 2 neurosensory events or specified hematologic/GI toxicities |
| Tumor type / trial context | Regimen example | Line of therapy / evidence |
|---|---|---|
| HER2‑positive advanced gastric cancer (trial settings) | ||
| XELOX (capecitabine + oxaliplatin) plus trastuzumab; or SOX (S‑1 + oxaliplatin) plus trastuzumab | ||
| First‑line; phase II and nonrandomized studies reporting objective responses; preliminary evidence requiring validation |
| Setting / population | Regimen example | Evidence summary |
|---|---|---|
| Relapsed/refractory B‑cell non‑Hodgkin lymphoma (patients not candidates for high‑dose therapy) | ||
| R‑GemOx (rituximab + gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 + oxaliplatin 100 mg/m2), R‑ADOx, R‑GIFOX and similar combinations | ||
| Phase II / pilot studies report high overall response rates (eg, R‑GemOx ORR up to 83% after 4 cycles) with acceptable tolerability in selected populations |
| Indication | Regimen | Line / evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Biliary tract cancers (second‑line) | ||
| FOLFOX (5‑fluorouracil/folinic acid plus oxaliplatin) | ||
| Validated as a second‑line option after gemcitabine + cisplatin in a phase‑III trial |
| Regimen | Components / dosing reported | Study outcomes |
|---|---|---|
| R‑GemOx | ||
| Rituximab 375 mg/m2 day 1; gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 and oxaliplatin 100 mg/m2 on day 2 (schedule per trial) | ||
| Phase II data: high ORR (eg, 83% after 4 cycles in El Gnaoui et al), with acceptable safety in patients not eligible for high‑dose therapy |
| Indication | Regimen examples | Guideline / trial support |
|---|---|---|
| Advanced/metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma | ||
| GEMOX (gemcitabine + oxaliplatin) or oxaliplatin combined with 5‑FU/irinotecan/leucovorin in multi‑agent regimens | ||
| Supported by phase II/III trial data and NCCN guidance for patients with good performance status; GEMOX studied vs gemcitabine alone with moderate activity |
| Indication | Regimen examples | NCCN category / evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Neuroendocrine tumors (systemic therapy indicated) | ||
| GEMOX (gemcitabine + oxaliplatin) or capecitabine + oxaliplatin | ||
| NCCN lists oxaliplatin regimens as category 2A for pancreatic NETs and category 3 for carcinoid tumors; phase II data show activity |
| Application | Reported dosing | Evidence / status |
|---|---|---|
| Pressurized intra‑peritoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC)‑OX and HIPEC‑OX for peritoneal metastasis | ||
| PIPAC commonly reported at ~92 mg/m2 in early reports; dose‑escalation trials have explored starting doses 45–90 mg/m2 with escalation up to 300 mg/m2 | ||
| Reported in phase I/II and systematic reviews; evidence limited and heterogeneous — considered investigational and best used in trial settings |
| Indication | Regimen note | Benefit / risk summary |
|---|---|---|
| Triple‑negative metastatic breast cancer (mTNBC) | ||
| Platinum‑containing regimens (including oxaliplatin‑containing combinations) evaluated in randomized and subgroup analyses | ||
| Meta‑analyses suggest a small survival and PFS benefit in mTNBC subgroups but with increased grade 3–4 toxicities; use should be individualized based on benefit–risk |
| Example setting | Regimen | Phase II evidence / notes |
|---|---|---|
| Non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) | ||
| Oxaliplatin + gemcitabine (GEMOX) as one explored doublet | ||
| Phase II data show similar activity to carboplatin/gemcitabine with potentially milder hematologic toxicity; further randomized data needed |
| Indication | Regimen (reported series) | Reported dosing / outcomes |
|---|---|---|
| Relapsed or cisplatin‑refractory testicular germ cell tumors | ||
| GEMOX: gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8; oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 on day 1 (every 3 weeks in cited series) | ||
| Phase II series report ORRs ~32–46% with some complete responses and manageable but notable hematologic and neurotoxicities |
| Indication | Regimen comparison | Key findings |
|---|---|---|
| First‑line advanced gastric cancer in combination with PD‑1 inhibitors | ||
| PD‑1 inhibitor + oxaliplatin‑based chemotherapy versus PD‑1 inhibitor + cisplatin‑based chemotherapy | ||
| Network meta‑analysis of phase III trials (8 RCTs, 5,723 patients) found oxaliplatin‑based combinations significantly prolonged PFS and, in CPS ≥1 patients, significantly prolonged OS (HR 0.75); safety profiles were similar |
Coding and Administration
| 96401-96450 | Chemotherapy administration |
| 96446 | Chemotherapy administration into the peritoneal cavity via indwelling port or catheter (pressurized intra-peritoneal aerosol chemotherapy, PIPAC) |
| J9263 | Injection, oxaliplatin, 0.5 mg |
| Q0083-Q0085 | Chemotherapy administration |
| Q0083-Q0085 | Chemotherapy administration |
| C15.3-C15.9 | Malignant neoplasm of esophagus |
| C16.0-C16.9 | Malignant neoplasm of stomach (gastric carcinoma) |
| C17.0-C17.9 | Malignant neoplasm of small intestine, including duodenum |
| C18.0-C20 | Malignant neoplasm of colon and rectum |
| C21.0-C21.8 | Malignant neoplasm of anus and anal canal (metastatic anal cancer) |
| C22.1 | Intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma |
| C23 | Malignant neoplasm of gallbladder |
| C24.0 | Malignant neoplasm of extrahepatic bile ducts |
| C24.1 | Malignant neoplasm of Ampulla of Vater |
| C25.0-C25.9 | Malignant neoplasm of pancreas |
| Administration/drug codes referenced in background (e.g., infusion regimens) but not explicitly listed in CPT/HCPCS/NDC sections |
| No codes listed |
Provider Actions and Authorization Requirements
Prior authorization: indication and dosing verification
Prior authorization may be required. Confirm the clinical indication (for example, adjuvant stage III colon cancer) and that dosing and regimen match FDA labeling or published guideline-supported regimens before submission.
- Verify indication and planned regimen (e.g., Eloxatin 85 mg/m2 IV over 120 minutes with leucovorin and 5-FU per labeling for adjuvant/colorectal regimens).
- Confirm cycle length, dose reductions, and duration (e.g., up to 12 cycles for adjuvant stage III colon cancer; continue until progression or unacceptable toxicity for advanced disease).
Prior authorization for systemic oxaliplatin regimens
Prior authorization may be required for systemic oxaliplatin regimens used in combination (e.g., GEMOX for pancreatic, ovarian, or testicular salvage regimens). Document the specific indication, prior lines of therapy, and performance status as applicable.
- Provide documentation of prior therapies and response (e.g., prior platinum exposure, prior salvage regimens).
- State performance status when guidelines recommend use only for patients with good performance status (NCCN guidance).
No explicit prior authorization codes listed
No explicit prior authorization billing codes are listed in this Clinical Policy Bulletin. Use the payer’s prior authorization tool/process and reference appropriate HCPCS/CPT codes when submitting a request.
- HCPCS: J9263 (oxaliplatin, 0.5 mg) — include when selection criteria are met.
- Chemotherapy administration CPT range: 96401–96450 and related Q-codes (Q0083–Q0085) as applicable.
Prior authorization and plan provisions
Refer to the member’s plan provisions and the Aetna Clinical Policy Bulletin for specific prior authorization requirements; this bulletin provides clinical criteria but is not a guarantee of coverage.
- Policies and benefits (including medical necessity rules) remain subject to the member’s specific plan terms.
- Clinical Policy Bulletins are a partial description of plan benefits and do not constitute a contract.
Denial risk for non-adherent dosing or missing allergy documentation
Incomplete or non-conforming documentation and dosing that contradicts FDA labeling or established regimen schedules may result in denial. Missing allergy/anaphylaxis precautions documentation is also a denial risk.
- Document allergy history and plan for management of anaphylactic reactions (epinephrine, corticosteroids, antihistamines available).
- Ensure dose and schedule submitted match FDA labeling or accepted guideline regimens; note any justified deviations and supporting rationale.
Step therapy not specified
No step therapy algorithm or mandatory sequencing rules are specified in this excerpt. Use guideline-based sequencing where applicable and document rationale when deviating from common sequences.
- Although step therapy is not specified here, NCCN guidance informs sequencing decisions for indications such as pancreatic cancer and testicular cancer.
- Document prior lines of therapy when requesting later-line or salvage use (e.g., GEMOX after prior platinum-based regimens).
Sequencing note (informational)
Informational: guideline sources note oxaliplatin can be used as an alternative or subsequent therapy in certain settings (e.g., palliative testicular cancer after first-line salvage therapy; GEMOX or oxaliplatin combinations for pancreatic adenocarcinoma in patients with good performance status).
- NCCN supports oxaliplatin combinations for locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma and as subsequent therapy when prior fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy has not been given.
- Oxaliplatin may be an alternative in palliative testicular cancer after specified salvage regimens.
Regimen and dosing documentation
Provide regimen, dosing, and supportive documentation with prior authorization submissions: diagnosis, tumor stage, prior therapies, rationale for oxaliplatin use, planned cycle length, dose adjustments, and monitoring plan.
- Include tumor histology, stage, and relevant biomarker status when available (e.g., CPS for gastric cancer analyses).
- Specify planned oxaliplatin dosing (mg/m2), infusion duration, companion agents (5-FU, leucovorin, capecitabine, gemcitabine, gemcitabine schedules), and total planned cycles.
Trial documentation and safety reporting
For investigational approaches or clinical trials (for example, PIPAC‑OX or other investigational intra‑peritoneal delivery), include protocol details, Clavien‑Dindo and CTCAE safety assessments, pharmacokinetic analyses, and trial outcomes when available. Experimental/Investigational uses may be denied.
- Provide trial phase, dose-escalation schema, prior outcomes (OS, PFS, ORR), safety data (TRAEs), and PK methods when claiming medical necessity based on clinical-study evidence.
- Document whether use is within an IRB‑approved trial and include protocol and informed consent references.
Suggested supporting documentation
Suggested supporting documentation: prior therapy history, objective response to prior regimens, duration of response, performance status, labs (CBC, LFTs), and any toxicity history that affects dosing. Include subgroup or biomarker results when relevant.
- Report OS, PFS, ORR, and treatment‑related adverse events from prior lines when citing evidence for coverage.
- Include biomarker subgroup data if used to justify regimen selection (e.g., CPS ≥1 for PD‑1 plus oxaliplatin benefit signals).
Line of Therapy Guidance
first-line
second-line
first-line
first-line
second-line
first-line|second-line|salvage
salvage
first-line
first-line
salvage
Biomarker and Test Requirements
Definitions and Drug Information
Background and Evidence Summary
Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin) is a third-generation platinum analog administered intravenously, typically in combination with 5‑fluorouracil and leucovorin for colorectal cancer. It is supplied in single‑dose vials (commonly 50 mg or 100 mg) and forms reactive platinum complexes that cross-link DNA; a dose‑limiting toxicity is a characteristic sensory peripheral neuropathy often exacerbated by cold exposure. FDA approvals include adjuvant stage III colon cancer and treatment of advanced colorectal cancer; compendial and trial evidence support additional off‑label uses summarized elsewhere in this policy.
Revision History & Policy Dates
Policy originally became effective.
Policy last reviewed on 11/21/2023; clinical content evaluated with no material change noted.
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