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    v1.0.28
    OpenPayerBilling CodesNational Codes Established for State Medicaid AgenciesHCPCS hcpcs-t2031-assisted-living-waiver-per-diem
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    HCPCS Level II T2031: Assisted Living Waiver, Per Diem

    HCPCS Level II code T2031 describes a per diem assisted living waiver service, typically billing for daily supportive services delivered in an assisted living or residential long-term care setting under a waiver program; the code is used by providers to report the provision of bundled daily assistance, supervision, and supportive activities included in waiver-funded assisted living arrangements.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Interferential Stimulation Devices (for home use), Prior Authorization for Durable Medical Equipment (DME), Breast Pumps.

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    Table of contents

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    • Billing CodesCPT, HCPCS, DRG & more
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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient is a frail older adult or an adult with chronic disability enrolled in a Medicaid home- and community-based waiver program who resides in an assisted living facility. The patient requires daily supervision, assistance with activities of daily living (ADLs) such as bathing, dressing, medication reminders, and monitoring for behavioral or cognitive issues related to dementia or severe chronic medical conditions. A social services coordinator or case manager conducts an initial assessment, documents the level of need, and places the member on a per diem assisted living waiver benefit paid under T2031 for the duration of eligibility.

    The clinical workflow begins with a referral from primary care or a hospital discharge planner to the state waiver program. A licensed clinician or care manager completes a functional assessment and documents medical necessity for assisted living services. The assisted living facility provides round-the-clock supervision and implements the individualized service plan. Periodic reassessments and documentation of continued need are completed by the case manager to support ongoing per diem billing under T2031. Billing is typically submitted monthly or per payer-defined intervals to Medicaid or managed Medicaid plans such as Aetna, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cigna Health, UnitedHealthcare, BUCA, or Medicare if applicable, using T2031 as the per diem assisted living waiver rate.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    99304Initial nursing facility care, typically 30 minutes per dayMay be used for initial comprehensive assessment when a physician documents medical necessity and establishes care for a newly admitted assisted living waiver resident.
    99307Subsequent nursing facility care, typically 10 minutes per dayUsed for follow-up medical visits addressing acute or chronic issues during assisted living residency; documents ongoing physician involvement complementary to the per diem.
    99406Smoking and tobacco use cessation counseling, intermediate (3-10 minutes)Ancillary service that may be provided in the assisted living setting and billed separately when payer policies allow separate counselling charges alongside the per diem.
    96161Developmental testing; with interpretation and reportUsed when cognitive or functional assessments are required to document ongoing need for assisted living waiver services.
    99334Domiciliary, rest home, or custodial care visit for established patient, typically 25 minutesApplies when clinicians provide face-to-face medical evaluation in an assisted living/residential facility setting and the service is billable in addition to per diem coverage.

    Related Modifiers

    8 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    23Modifier -23 (Unusual Anesthesia) is used on anesthesia service CPT codes when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia…- Use modifier -23 only on anesthesia CPT codes (00100–01999) when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia because of…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    54Modifier ‑54 (“Surgical care only”) is appended to a CPT surgical procedure when the reporting surgeon performs the intraoperative (surgical) component but does not furnish the preoperative and/or…- Use modifier -54 when the reporting surgeon provided only the intraoperative (surgical) component of a procedure and preoperative and/or postoperative management has been or will be provided by…
    55Modifier –55 indicates the billing provider furnished only postoperative management for a procedure that has a global surgical period. According to AAPC, this modifier is appended to the same CPT…- Use modifier -55 when billing the same CPT surgical code that has a 10- or 90-day global period and you, as a provider other than the original surgeon, furnished ONLY postoperative management (no…
    56Modifier ‑56 indicates the reporting provider furnished only the preoperative management for a surgical procedure and did not perform the intraoperative or postoperative care. It is used in…- Use Modifier -56 when a provider performs only the preoperative management in a split‑care situation (one physician manages preop care while a different physician performs the intraoperative…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy CodeSpecialtyNotes
    251B00000XCase Management AgencyAn organization that is responsible for providing case management services. The agency provides services which assist an individual in gaining access…
    193200000XMulti-Specialty GroupA business group of one or more individual practitioners, who practice with different areas of specialization.
    207Q00000XFamily Medicine PhysicianFamily Medicine is the medical specialty which is concerned with the total health care of the individual and the family. It is the specialty in breadt…
    207Y00000XOtolaryngology PhysicianAn otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeon provides comprehensive medical and surgical care for patients with diseases and disorders that affect the ea…
    246Q00000XPathology Specialist/Technologist(1) An individual educated and trained in clinical chemistry, microbiology or other biological sciences; and in gathering data on the blood, tissues, …
    347C00000XPrivate VehicleAn individual paid to provide non-emergency transportation using their privately owned/leased vehicle.
    163WL0100XLactation Consultant (Registered Nurse)Nursing Service Providers · Registered Nurse
    273Y00000XRehabilitation Hospital UnitIn general, a distinct unit of a general acute care hospital that provides care encompassing a comprehensive array of restoration services for the dis…

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    26 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    E11.65Type 2 diabetes mellitus with hyperglycemia
    E11.9Type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications
    E78.5Hyperlipidemia, unspecified
    F01.50Vascular dementia, unspecified severity, without behavioral disturbance, psychotic disturbance, mood disturbance, and anxiety
    F03.90Unspecified dementia, unspecified severity, without behavioral disturbance, psychotic disturbance, mood disturbance, and anxiety
    G30.0Alzheimer's disease with early onset
    G30.1Alzheimer's disease with late onset
    G30.9Alzheimer's disease, unspecified
    I10Essential (primary) hypertension
    I50.21Acute systolic (congestive) heart failure

    Showing 1–10 of 26

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Durable Medical Equipment (DME)1 / 2

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Interferential Stimulation Devices (for home use)Moda Health2026-10-01
    Prior Authorization for Durable Medical Equipment (DME)Blue Cross Blue Shield - Rhode Island2026-10-01
    Breast PumpsModa Health2026-09-01
    Personal Emergency Response SystemsCareSource Georgia2026-09-01
    Continuous Passive Motion (CPM) DevicesCigna2026-08-15
    Push-Rim Activated Power-Assist Device (E0986) — Manual Wheelchair Accessorymoda_health_plan_inc2026-08-13
    Beds and Mattresses (for Ohio Only)Colorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01
    Beds and Mattresses (for Kentucky Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-08-01
    Pneumatic Compression Devices (for Nebraska Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-08-01
    Indications for Coverage — Hospital beds, support surfaces, and safety enclosure beds (DME)Colorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-08-01

    Related Codes

    HCPCS-LEVEL-II-T1030-NURSING-CARE-HOME-REGISTERED-NURSE-PER-DIEM

    HCPCS Level II T1030: Nursing Care in Home by Registered Nurse, Per Diem

    HCPCS-LEVEL-II-T2014-PREVOCATIONAL-HABILITATION-PER-DIEM

    HCPCS Level II T2014: Habilitation, Prevocational, Waiver; Per Diem

    HCPCS-LEVEL-II-T2020-DAY-HABILITATION-WAIVER-PER-DIEM

    HCPCS Level II T2020: Day Habilitation, Waiver; Per Diem

    HCPCS-LEVEL-II-T2047-HABILITATION-PREVOCATIONAL-WAIVER

    HCPCS Level II T2047: Habilitation Prevocational Waiver, per 15 minutes

    HCPCS-LEVEL-II-T4535-DISPOSABLE-INCONTINENCE-LINER-PAD

    HCPCS Level II T4535: Disposable Incontinence Liner/Pad

    HCPCS-LEVEL-II-T4538-REUSABLE-DIAPER-PER-DIAPER

    HCPCS Level II T4538: Reusable Diaper, Each

    HCPCS-T1000-PRIVATE-DUTY-LICENSED-NURSING-15-MIN

    HCPCS Level II T1000: Private Duty Licensed Nursing, up to 15 Minutes

    HCPCS-T1001-NURSING-ASSESSMENT-EVALUATION

    HCPCS Level II T1001: Nursing Assessment/Evaluation

    HCPCS-T1002-RN-SERVICES-15-MINUTES

    HCPCS T1002: RN Services, Up to 15 Minutes

    HCPCS-T1003-LPN-LVN-SERVICES-15-MINUTES

    HCPCS Level II T1003: LPN/LVN Services, Up to 15 Minutes

    Showing 1–10 of 113

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    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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