Summary & Overview
HCPCS S2107: Adoptive Immunotherapy (Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy)
HCPCS Level II code S2107 denotes adoptive immunotherapy services billed per course of treatment, including development of tumor-specific reactivity such as tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy. This code captures a complex, resource-intensive process central to personalized cancer care and emerging cell-based oncology treatments. Nationally, such therapies are growing in clinical use and in payer attention due to high costs, specialized manufacturing, and evolving evidence of benefit.
Key payers in this overview include Aetna, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cigna Health, UnitedHealthcare, and Medicare. Readers will find a concise explanation of the clinical service and typical care settings, plus an outline of what benchmarks and policy topics are relevant for this code. The publication covers reimbursement benchmarks where available, common billing and documentation considerations tied to the service model, and recent policy developments affecting coverage and coding for cellular immunotherapies.
The report is intended for hospital billing leaders, oncology program managers, and policy analysts seeking a national perspective on how S2107 is used to represent adoptive cell therapy courses, how payers approach coverage, and what operational and policy factors influence adoption and billing practices.
Billing Code Overview
HCPCS Level II code S2107 represents adoptive immunotherapy, specifically the development of patient-specific anti-tumor reactivity such as tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy, billed per course of treatment. This service entails laboratory and clinical processes to isolate, expand, and prepare a patient’s immune cells for reinfusion to target malignancy.
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Service type: Cell-based immunotherapy development and preparation per treatment course
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Typical site of service: Hospital outpatient departments, specialty cancer centers, and academic medical centers where advanced cellular therapies are manufactured and administered
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Clinical & Coding Specifications
Clinical Context
A 54-year-old patient with metastatic melanoma refractory to standard systemic therapies is evaluated for adoptive cell transfer using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). The multidisciplinary team includes a medical oncologist, surgical oncologist, cellular therapy laboratory, and infusion nursing. The workflow begins with a tumor resection or biopsy to harvest tumor tissue, followed by ex vivo expansion and activation of TILs in a specialized cell-processing laboratory. Following product generation and release testing, the patient undergoes lymphodepleting chemotherapy as inpatient or outpatient per protocol, then receives the adoptive immunotherapy infusion as a single course of treatment with inpatient monitoring for cytokine release syndrome and other acute toxicities. Supportive care includes cryopreserved cell storage, premedications, and post-infusion laboratory and clinical follow-up to assess response and immune-related adverse events.
Coding Specifications
| Modifier | Description | When to Use |
|---|---|---|
22 | Increased procedural services | Use when work, complexity, or time substantially exceeds typical for the service (requires documentation). |
23 | Unusual anesthesia |