CPT 91013: Esophageal Manometry with Stimulation or Perfusion

CPT code 91013 denotes the performance of stimulation or perfusion during a separately reportable esophageal manometric study. Esophageal manometry assesses esophageal muscle pressure and motility, commonly used in the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and related motility disorders. Nationally, accurate coding for this service supports appropriate clinical documentation, claims submission, and aggregation of utilization for esophageal physiologic testing.

Key payers in this analysis include Aetna, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cigna, UnitedHealthcare, and Medicare. Readers will find a concise explanation of the code’s clinical context, typical sites of service, and the service type. The publication also summarizes common billing modifiers and payer coverage considerations, outlines documentation elements needed for claim support, and highlights related service codes and reporting scenarios. This information is intended to help coding professionals, billing staff, and clinical leaders understand where CPT code 91013 fits within esophageal diagnostic services and what to expect in payer interactions and reporting.

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Billing Code Overview

CPT code 91013 describes a service in which the provider performs stimulation or perfusion concurrently with a separately reportable esophageal manometric study. The procedure uses a manometer to measure and analyze esophageal muscle pressure and motility, typically performed for patients with suspected or established gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or other esophageal motility disorders. The provider interprets the manometry findings and prepares a formal report.

Service type: Diagnostic esophageal manometry with concurrent stimulation or perfusion
Typical site of service: Hospital outpatient department or ambulatory surgical/diagnostic center; may also be performed in specialized gastroenterology clinics equipped for esophageal physiologic testing

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CPT 91013: Esophageal Manometry with Stimulation or Perfusion

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Billing Code Overview

Service type: Diagnostic esophageal manometry with concurrent stimulation or perfusion
Typical site of service: Hospital outpatient department or ambulatory surgical/diagnostic center; may also be performed in specialized gastroenterology clinics equipped for esophageal physiologic testing

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

A 48-year-old patient with chronic heartburn, regurgitation, and poor response to proton pump inhibitor therapy is referred for esophageal manometry to evaluate esophageal motility and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) function. During the same session, the provider performs stimulation or perfusion testing using a manometer to assess pressure responses and coordinated esophageal muscle activity. The procedure is performed in an outpatient gastroenterology clinic or hospital-based GI laboratory with nursing support; topical anesthesia or sedation may be used per protocol. The provider places the manometry catheter, acquires baseline pressure tracings, administers perfusion or pharmacologic stimulation as indicated, interprets the pressure–time plots, documents LES relaxation, peristaltic integrity, and any provocative testing results, and prepares a formal report for the referring clinician. Typical documentation includes indication (for example, refractory GERD symptoms), consent, catheter placement and calibration details, timed bolus or perfusion events, interpretation of findings, and the signed report.

Related Diagnoses

ICD-10 Code	Description	Clinical Relevance
`K21.9`	Gastro-esophageal reflux disease without esophagitis	Common indication for esophageal manometry and stimulation/perfusion to evaluate LES function and motility.
`R13.10`	Dysphagia, unspecified	Dysphagia prompts motility testing to assess peristalsis and sphincter coordination; stimulation/perfusion may be used diagnostically.
`K22.7`	Achalasia of cardia	Esophageal manometry is diagnostic for achalasia; provocative testing can clarify subtype and guide therapy.
`K22.2`	Diverticulum of esophagus	Motility testing can detect associated motility disorders that contribute to symptomatology.
`R14.0`	Abdominal distension (bloating)	When associated with esophageal symptoms, motility testing helps evaluate functional contributors.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`91010`	Esophageal motility study, multiple channel, using manometry catheter; interpretation and report	Baseline esophageal manometric study often performed in the same session; `91013` documents stimulation/perfusion performed at the same session as a separately reportable manometric study.
`43235`	Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy including esophagogastroduodenoscopy (diagnostic)	May be performed before or after manometry for mucosal evaluation when indicated in the diagnostic workup for GERD or dysphagia.
`91011`	Esophageal motility study, single channel, using manometry catheter; interpretation and report	Alternative manometry code depending on catheter configuration; `91013` applies when stimulation/perfusion is added to a separately reportable manometric study.
`31575`	Laryngoscopy, flexible; diagnostic	May be used when concurrent evaluation of the larynx/pharynx is indicated for reflux-related symptoms and aspiration concerns.
`99152`	Moderate sedation services provided by the physician or other qualified health care professional, initial 15 minutes	Applied when moderate sedation is administered for the procedure and billed separately according to payer policy.

Related Modifiers

12 rows

Modifier	Description	When to Use
26	Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…	- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
52	Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…	- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
53	Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…	- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
59	Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…	- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
62	Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…	- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
78	CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…	- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
80	CPT® Modifier 80 (Assistant Surgeon) is appended to a surgical CPT code when a physician (MD or DO) provides full, continuous assistance throughout the operative procedure. It is intended only for…	- Use CPT Modifier -80 when a physician (MD or DO) serves as an assistant surgeon and provides full, continuous assistance throughout the entire operative procedure; append -80 to the surgical CPT…
82	Modifier 82 is appended to a surgical CPT code to indicate that an attending physician acted as an assistant because a qualified resident surgeon was unavailable. In teaching hospitals it documents…	- When to use: Append modifier 82 in teaching-hospital settings to indicate a physician served as an assistant surgeon because a qualified resident surgeon was unavailable (includes situations where…
22	Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…	- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
23	Modifier -23 (Unusual Anesthesia) is used on anesthesia service CPT codes when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia…	- Use modifier -23 only on anesthesia CPT codes (00100–01999) when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia because of…

Showing 1–10 of 12

Related Provider Taxonomies

8 rows

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
207RH0000X	Hematology (Internal Medicine) Physician	An internist with additional training who specializes in diseases of the blood, spleen and lymph. This specialist treats conditions such as anemia, cl…
207RR0500X	Rheumatology Physician	An internist who treats diseases of joints, muscle, bones and tendons. This specialist diagnoses and treats arthritis, back pain, muscle strains, comm…
2084P0800X	Psychiatry Physician	A Psychiatrist specializes in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of mental disorders, emotional disorders, psychotic disorders, mood disorders, …
207L00000X	Anesthesiology Physician	An anesthesiologist is trained to provide pain relief and maintenance, or restoration, of a stable condition during and immediately following an opera…
1744R1103X	Research Study Abstracter/Coder	Other Service Providers · Specialist
207XP3100X	Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery Physician	An orthopedic surgeon who has additional training and experience in diagnosing, treating and managing musculoskeletal problems in infants, children an…
335U00000X	Organ Procurement Organization	A federally designated organization that works with hospital personnel in retrieval of organs for transplantation. The federal government designates a…
2279G0305X	Geriatric Care Registered Respiratory Therapist	Care of older patients who have age and/or disease related decremental pulmonary changes. Diagnosis and treatment is very important for this group si…

CPT 91010: Esophageal Manometry with Interpretation and Report

CPT-91020-GASTRIC-MANOMETRY-MOTILITY-TESTING

CPT 91020: Gastric Manometry for Gastric Motility Assessment

CPT-91022-DUODENAL-MOTILITY-STUDY-MANOMETRY

CPT 91022: Duodenal Motility Study Using Manometry

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.

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Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Related Diagnoses

ICD-10 Code	Description	Clinical Relevance
`K21.9`	Gastro-esophageal reflux disease without esophagitis	Common indication for esophageal manometry and stimulation/perfusion to evaluate LES function and motility.
`R13.10`	Dysphagia, unspecified	Dysphagia prompts motility testing to assess peristalsis and sphincter coordination; stimulation/perfusion may be used diagnostically.
`K22.7`	Achalasia of cardia	Esophageal manometry is diagnostic for achalasia; provocative testing can clarify subtype and guide therapy.
`K22.2`	Diverticulum of esophagus	Motility testing can detect associated motility disorders that contribute to symptomatology.
`R14.0`	Abdominal distension (bloating)	When associated with esophageal symptoms, motility testing helps evaluate functional contributors.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`91010`	Esophageal motility study, multiple channel, using manometry catheter; interpretation and report	Baseline esophageal manometric study often performed in the same session; `91013` documents stimulation/perfusion performed at the same session as a separately reportable manometric study.
`43235`	Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy including esophagogastroduodenoscopy (diagnostic)	May be performed before or after manometry for mucosal evaluation when indicated in the diagnostic workup for GERD or dysphagia.
`91011`	Esophageal motility study, single channel, using manometry catheter; interpretation and report	Alternative manometry code depending on catheter configuration; `91013` applies when stimulation/perfusion is added to a separately reportable manometric study.
`31575`	Laryngoscopy, flexible; diagnostic	May be used when concurrent evaluation of the larynx/pharynx is indicated for reflux-related symptoms and aspiration concerns.
`99152`	Moderate sedation services provided by the physician or other qualified health care professional, initial 15 minutes	Applied when moderate sedation is administered for the procedure and billed separately according to payer policy.

Related Modifiers

12 rows

Modifier	Description	When to Use
26	Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…	- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
52	Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…	- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
53	Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…	- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
59	Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…	- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
62	Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…	- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
78	CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…	- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
80	CPT® Modifier 80 (Assistant Surgeon) is appended to a surgical CPT code when a physician (MD or DO) provides full, continuous assistance throughout the operative procedure. It is intended only for…	- Use CPT Modifier -80 when a physician (MD or DO) serves as an assistant surgeon and provides full, continuous assistance throughout the entire operative procedure; append -80 to the surgical CPT…
82	Modifier 82 is appended to a surgical CPT code to indicate that an attending physician acted as an assistant because a qualified resident surgeon was unavailable. In teaching hospitals it documents…	- When to use: Append modifier 82 in teaching-hospital settings to indicate a physician served as an assistant surgeon because a qualified resident surgeon was unavailable (includes situations where…
22	Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…	- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
23	Modifier -23 (Unusual Anesthesia) is used on anesthesia service CPT codes when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia…	- Use modifier -23 only on anesthesia CPT codes (00100–01999) when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia because of…

Showing 1–10 of 12

Related Provider Taxonomies

8 rows

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
207RH0000X	Hematology (Internal Medicine) Physician	An internist with additional training who specializes in diseases of the blood, spleen and lymph. This specialist treats conditions such as anemia, cl…
207RR0500X	Rheumatology Physician	An internist who treats diseases of joints, muscle, bones and tendons. This specialist diagnoses and treats arthritis, back pain, muscle strains, comm…
2084P0800X	Psychiatry Physician	A Psychiatrist specializes in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of mental disorders, emotional disorders, psychotic disorders, mood disorders, …
207L00000X	Anesthesiology Physician	An anesthesiologist is trained to provide pain relief and maintenance, or restoration, of a stable condition during and immediately following an opera…
1744R1103X	Research Study Abstracter/Coder	Other Service Providers · Specialist
207XP3100X	Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery Physician	An orthopedic surgeon who has additional training and experience in diagnosing, treating and managing musculoskeletal problems in infants, children an…
335U00000X	Organ Procurement Organization	A federally designated organization that works with hospital personnel in retrieval of organs for transplantation. The federal government designates a…
2279G0305X	Geriatric Care Registered Respiratory Therapist	Care of older patients who have age and/or disease related decremental pulmonary changes. Diagnosis and treatment is very important for this group si…

CPT 91010: Esophageal Manometry with Interpretation and Report

CPT-91020-GASTRIC-MANOMETRY-MOTILITY-TESTING

CPT 91020: Gastric Manometry for Gastric Motility Assessment

CPT-91022-DUODENAL-MOTILITY-STUDY-MANOMETRY

CPT 91022: Duodenal Motility Study Using Manometry

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.

Published by

Trek Health powers OpenPayer with a leading commercial payer intelligence platform, seamlessly converting fragmented payer data into actionable insights for provider organizations.

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CPT 91013: Esophageal Manometry with Stimulation or Perfusion

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Billing Code Overview

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CPT 91013: Esophageal Manometry with Stimulation or Perfusion

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Billing Code Overview

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Modifiers

Related Provider Taxonomies

Related Codes

References

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Modifiers

Related Provider Taxonomies

Related Codes

References