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    v1.0.28
    OpenPayerBilling CodesQualitative or Semiquantitative ImmunoassaysCPT cpt-86077-difficult-blood-bank-crossmatch-with-physician-interpretation
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    CPT 86077: Difficult Blood Bank Crossmatch with Physician Report

    Medicare pays $53 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 86077 describes a difficult crossmatch performed by the blood bank that requires laboratory interpretation and a written physician report, representing a specialized blood bank serology service; service type is complex crossmatch/antibody evaluation, typically performed in an inpatient hospital blood bank or hospital-based transfusion service where expert immunohematology interpretation and documentation are required.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Diagnosis of Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance, Allergen Testing, Allergen Testing.

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 62-year-old woman with symptomatic anemia is admitted for a planned red blood cell transfusion prior to a colorectal surgical procedure. Pretransfusion testing reveals an unexpected, clinically significant irregular antibody on antibody screen; initial compatibility testing yields a difficult crossmatch. The blood bank technologist performs extended serologic testing including antibody identification panels and multiple donor crossmatches. Because interpretation is complex, a blood bank physician reviews the serologic findings and issues a written report documenting identified alloantibody specificities, compatibility recommendations, and recommended donor selection. The service is provided by the hospital blood bank laboratory and documented in the transfusion support record prior to issuing units for transfusion.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    86900Antibody identification; each panel applied to serum and red cellsPerformed when an irregular antibody screen is positive to identify specific alloantibodies prior to or alongside the complex crossmatch.
    86901Antibody identification; titer (e.g., for evidence of immune response)May be used when quantifying antibody strength is clinically relevant to compatibility assessment.
    86850Crossmatch; immediate spin (IS)Performed for immediate compatibility testing in urgent situations; simpler than a full serologic crossmatch.
    86860Crossmatch; non-automated, antiglobulin (AHG)Common methodology for compatibility testing when antibodies are suspected; often used with complex serology.
    86999Unlisted transfusion medicine procedureRarely used for novel or unlisted specialized blood bank procedures not described by other codes.

    Related Modifiers

    8 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    91Modifier 91 — “Repeat Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Test” — is appended when the exact same CPT laboratory test is performed more than once for the same patient on the same day because serial,…- Use modifier 91 when the exact same CPT laboratory test is performed more than once on the same patient on the same date because serial or repeated testing is medically necessary to monitor…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    90Modifier ‑90 (Reference/Outside Laboratory) indicates that a laboratory test was performed by an entity other than the treating or reporting provider. The American Medical Association defines…- Use CPT modifier -90 when a laboratory test is performed by an outside/reference laboratory (an entity other than the treating or reporting physician or qualified professional) and the claim needs…
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy CodeSpecialtyNotes
    261QP0904XFederal Public Health Clinic/CenterAmbulatory Health Care Facilities · Clinic/Center
    207ZP0102XAnatomic Pathology & Clinical Pathology PhysicianA pathologist deals with the causes and nature of disease and contributes to diagnosis, prognosis and treatment through knowledge gained by the labora…
    2086S0122XPlastic and Reconstructive Surgery PhysicianA surgeon who specializes in plastic and reconstructive surgery.
    364SG0600XGerontology Clinical Nurse SpecialistPhysician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers · Clinical Nurse Specialist
    133NN1002XNutrition Education NutritionistDietary & Nutritional Service Providers · Nutritionist
    207QH0002XHospice and Palliative Medicine (Family Medicine) PhysicianA family medicine physician with special knowledge and skills to prevent and relieve the suffering experienced by patients with life-limiting illnesse…
    282N00000XGeneral Acute Care HospitalAn acute general hospital is an institution whose primary function is to provide inpatient diagnostic and therapeutic services for a variety of medica…
    207QG0300XGeriatric Medicine (Family Medicine) PhysicianA family medicine physician with special knowledge of the aging process and special skills in the diagnostic, therapeutic, preventive and rehabilitati…

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Allergy/Clinical Immunology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Diagnosis of Idiopathic Environmental IntoleranceOscar Health2026-10-01
    Allergen Testingblue cross blue shield - louisiana2026-09-15
    Allergen TestingBlue Cross Blue Shield - New Mexico2026-09-04
    Hereditary Angioedema - EkterlyCigna2026-08-15
    Omalizumab products (Xolair, Omlyclo) coveragePremera Bluecross2026-08-01
    Omalizumab Products (Xolair, Omlyclo) coveragePremera Bluecross2026-08-01
    Omalizumab ProductsPremera Bluecross2026-08-01
    Allergy Testinguniverahealthcare2026-07-16
    Omalizumab (Xolair) and related biologics coverageMass General Brigham Health Plan2026-07-01
    Xolair (omalizumab) (Subcutaneous) — Concomitant therapy restrictions and dosing guidanceeocco2026-07-01

    Related Codes

    86803-QUALITATIVE-OR-SEMIQUANTITATIVE-IMMUNOASSAYS-HEPATITIS-C

    CPT 86803: Hepatitis C Antibody Immunoassay in Serum

    CPT-86000-FEBRILE-AGGLUTININS-SEROLOGIC-TEST

    CPT 86000: Febrile Agglutinins (Serologic Agglutination) Test

    CPT-86001-ALLERGEN-SPECIFIC-IGG-LABORATORY-TEST

    CPT 86001: Allergen-Specific IgG Assay, Technical Component

    CPT-86003-ALLERGEN-SPECIFIC-IGE-ASSAY-TECHNICAL

    CPT 86003: Allergen‑Specific IgE Assay Using Crude Allergen Extract

    CPT-86005-MULTI-ALLERGEN-IGE-SCREENING-QUALITATIVE

    CPT 86005: Multi-Allergen Allergen-Specific IgE Screening

    CPT-86008-ALLERGEN-COMPONENT-SPECIFIC-IGE-ASSAY

    CPT 86008: Allergen Component–Specific IgE Assay

    CPT-86015-ANTI-ACTIN-SMOOTH-MUSCLE-ANTIBODY-ASMA

    CPT 86015: Actin (Smooth Muscle) Antibody (ASMA) Immunoassay

    CPT-86021-LEUKOCYTE-ANTIBODY-IDENTIFICATION-LAB-TECHNICAL

    CPT 86021: Leukocyte Antibody Identification Laboratory Test

    CPT-86022-PLATELET-ANTIBODY-IDENTIFICATION-TECHNICAL-TEST

    CPT 86022: Platelet Antibody Detection and Identification

    CPT-86023-PLATELET-ASSOCIATED-IMMUNOGLOBULIN-DETECTION

    CPT 86023: Platelet-Associated Immunoglobulin Assay

    Showing 1–10 of 199

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    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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