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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesDiagnostic Radiology (Diagnostic Imaging) Procedures of the Gastrointestinal TractCPT cpt-74220-esophagram-fluoroscopic-barium-swallow
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    CPT 74220: Fluoroscopic Esophagram (Barium Swallow)

    Medicare pays $65 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 74220 describes a fluoroscopic esophagram in which the provider visualizes the esophagus while the patient swallows a barium sulfate contrast, views live fluoroscopic imaging, records digital images, and may include scout chest radiographs and delayed images for further evaluation; this is an esophageal fluoroscopic contrast study typically performed as a diagnostic imaging service in the radiology or fluoroscopy suite or hospital outpatient imaging department.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Field Stimulation for Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders, Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Coverage Policy, Radiofrequency Therapy for Fecal Incontinence.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient is a 54-year-old female presenting with progressive dysphagia to solids and intermittent regurgitation. After history, physical exam, and initial evaluation by the gastroenterologist, the clinician orders a barium swallow (esophagram) to assess for structural abnormalities, motility disorders, or obstruction. The procedure is scheduled in an outpatient radiology suite or hospital radiology department. The patient ingests a barium sulfate preparation while the radiologist or fluoroscopy-trained provider uses real-time fluoroscopy to image swallowing dynamics and anatomy, acquiring scout chest radiographs and digitized cine and static images. Delayed images may be obtained to evaluate retained contrast. The radiology team documents patient consent, clinical indication, technique (including oral contrast type and volumes), fluoroscopy time, views obtained, and any complications such as aspiration. Images and a written report are transmitted to the referring gastroenterologist. Typical sites of service include outpatient radiology centers, hospital outpatient departments, and inpatient radiology when performed for hospitalized patients. CPT 74220 describes the professional and technical work of the esophagram with fluoroscopic observation and recorded images; facility billing may involve the technical component modifier TC when applicable and the interpreting physician may append modifier 26 for the professional component if billed separately.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    71020Radiologic examination, chest; single view, frontalMay be obtained as a scout or adjunct chest radiograph prior to or after an esophagram to evaluate aspiration or thoracic pathology.
    74018Radiologic examination, abdomen; contrast, single or multiple views, diagnostic, esophagus/stomach/duodenum (barium) — note: (historical)Sometimes historically referenced for upper GI series; modern practice distinguishes specific esophagram codes like 74220.
    74240Radiologic examination, fluoroscopic observation and supervision of contrast reflux study of esophagus with video recordingPerformed when concurrent or alternative fluoroscopic motility or reflux-focused studies are needed.
    43235Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, diagnostic, flexible, transoral; with biopsyFrequently performed by gastroenterology after imaging identifies mucosal lesions or strictures requiring direct visualization or biopsy.
    43249Esophagogastroduodenoscopy with dilation of esophageal stricture (balloon or bougie)Therapeutic procedure that may follow identification of a stricture on the esophagram.
    76140Radiology procedure, image documentation, localizing, limited study; 1 viewUsed for radiographic localization or targeted imaging adjuncts during interventional procedures correlated with esophagram findings.

    Related Modifiers

    8 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    77Modifier 77 indicates that a previously performed procedure or service was legitimately repeated by a different physician or other qualified health care professional. The AMA’s CPT definition…- Use modifier 77 when a basic procedure or service already performed is repeated by a different physician or other qualified health care professional (for example, a second provider independently…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    208000000X
    363LP0808X
    207Q00000X
    207L00000X
    224ZF0002X
    253Z00000X
    363LN0000X
    208800000X

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    24 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    E66.9Obesity, unspecified
    F45.41Pain disorder exclusively related to psychological factors
    G47.00Insomnia, unspecified
    I95.1Orthostatic hypotension
    K21.9Gastro-esophageal reflux disease without esophagitis
    K22.0Achalasia of cardia
    K22.2Esophageal obstruction
    K31.84Gastroparesis
    K44.9Diaphragmatic hernia without obstruction or gangrene
    K59.2Neurogenic bowel, not elsewhere classified

    Showing 1–10 of 24

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Gastroenterology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Field Stimulation for Functional Abdominal Pain Disordersbcbsvermont2026-12-01
    Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Coverage Policyevicore2026-11-05
    Radiofrequency Therapy for Fecal IncontinenceCigna2026-10-15
    Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    High-Resolution Anoscopy (HRA)Premera Bluecross2026-10-01
    Gastroesophageal and Gastrointestinal (GI) Services and ProceduresColorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-10-01
    Serum Testing for Hepatic Fibrosis in the Evaluation and Monitoring of Chronic Liver DiseaseOscar Health2026-10-01
    Fecal Analysis in the Diagnosis of Intestinal Dysbiosis and Fecal Microbiota Transplant TestingOscar Health2026-10-01
    Pancreatic Enzyme Testing for Acute PancreatitisOscar Health2026-10-01
    Helicobacter pylori TestingOscar Health2026-10-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-74210-PHARYNX-CERVICAL-ESOPHAGUS-CONTRAST-STUDY

    CPT 74210: Radiologic Exam of Pharynx and Cervical Esophagus with Contrast

    CPT-74221-DOUBLE-CONTRAST-ESOPHAGRAM-BARIUM-EFFERVESCENT

    CPT 74221: Double-Contrast Esophagram with Barium and Effervescent Agent

    CPT-74230-VIDEOFLUOROSCOPIC-SWALLOW-STUDY

    CPT 74230: Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study

    CPT-74235-ESOPHAGEAL-FOREIGN-BODY-REMOVAL-IMAGING-INTERPRETATION

    CPT 74235: Imaging Supervision for Esophageal Foreign Body Removal

    CPT-74240-UPPER-GASTROINTESTINAL-SERIES-BARIUM-CONTRAST

    CPT 74240: Upper Gastrointestinal Barium Contrast Study

    CPT-74246-UPPER-GI-DOUBLE-CONTRAST-FLUOROSCOPY

    CPT 74246: Upper GI Series with Air and High-Density Barium

    CPT-74248-SMALL-INTESTINE-FOLLOW-THROUGH-AFTER-UPPER-GASTROINTESTINAL-STUDY

    CPT 74248: Small Intestine Follow-Through, Multiple Series

    CPT-74250-SMALL-BOWEL-SINGLE-CONTRAST-BARIUM-STUDY

    CPT 74250: Small Bowel Single‑Contrast Barium Study

    CPT-74251-SMALL-BOWEL-DOUBLE-CONTRAST-ENTERIC-RADIOGRAPHY

    CPT 74251: Small Bowel Double-Contrast Enteroclysis

    CPT-74261-CT-COLONOGRAPHY-NO-CONTRAST

    CPT 74261: CT Colon, Non-Contrast

    Showing 1–10 of 25

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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