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    v1.0.28
    OpenPayerBilling CodesCraniectomy or Craniotomy ProceduresCPT cpt-61543-hemispherectomy-or-extensive-cerebral-resection
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    CPT 61543: Partial or Total Cerebral Hemisphere Resection

    Medicare pays $2108 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 61543 describes a neurosurgical procedure in which the surgeon elevates a portion of the skull (craniotomy) and performs a partial or total removal of an affected cerebral hemisphere, a major intracranial resection typically classified as brain hemispherectomy surgery; service type: open neurosurgical cranial procedure for cerebral hemisphere resection; typical site of service: inpatient hospital operating room with postanesthesia recovery and inpatient neurosurgical care.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use Disorders, Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use Disorders, Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use Disorders.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient is a 6–18 year-old child or adult with medically refractory, life‑threatening hemispheric epilepsy, malignant cerebral edema after large territorial stroke, or destructive hemispheric pathology (e.g., Rasmussen encephalitis, hemimegalencephaly) who is evaluated for hemispherotomy/functional hemispherectomy. The clinical workflow begins with comprehensive neurologic assessment, seizure semiology documentation, prolonged video EEG monitoring, and high-resolution MRI to localize unilateral diffuse hemispheric dysfunction. Multidisciplinary review (neurology, neurosurgery, neuroradiology, neuropsychology) assesses candidacy. Preoperative optimization includes informed consent, baseline neuropsychological testing, and medical clearance. On the day of surgery, anesthesia and intraoperative neuromonitoring are performed. The surgeon elevates a portion of skull bone (craniotomy) and proceeds with partial or complete functional hemispherectomy or hemispherotomy to disconnect or remove the affected hemisphere. Postoperative care includes ICU monitoring, seizure control management, rehabilitation (physical, occupational, speech therapy), serial imaging, and outpatient follow-up for neurologic and developmental outcomes.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    61543Hemicraniectomy with partial or total removal of cerebral hemisphere (hemispherectomy/hemispherotomy)Primary code for elevation of skull bone and partial or total removal/disconnection of a cerebral hemisphere.
    62195Stereotactic computer-assisted navigation, cranial; simpleUsed intraoperatively for neuronavigation to guide disconnection or resection boundaries.
    95812EEG, electrocorticography for identification of seizure focus (intraoperative)Performed intraoperatively or preoperatively to localize epileptogenic regions when indicated.
    61618Craniectomy or craniotomy for excision of lesion, supratentorial (separate lesion codes vary)May be reported for concurrent lesion resection when documented in addition to hemispherectomy steps.
    99100Anesthesia for patient of extreme age, under 1 year and over 70 years; each 30 minutesExample anesthesia add-on code for extreme age situations when applicable (billing per anesthesia rules).
    76942Ultrasonic guidance for localization of needle or catheter placement (e.g., for drains)May be used for placement of intracranial drains or ventricular catheters in perioperative management.

    Related Modifiers

    12 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    23Modifier -23 (Unusual Anesthesia) is used on anesthesia service CPT codes when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia…- Use modifier -23 only on anesthesia CPT codes (00100–01999) when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia because of…
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    79Modifier 79 indicates a surgical procedure performed during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery that is unrelated to the original procedure. Per AMA/CPT and CMS guidance, it is…- Use modifier 79 when the same physician (or same‑specialty physician in the same group) performs a surgical procedure during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery and the new procedure…
    80CPT® Modifier 80 (Assistant Surgeon) is appended to a surgical CPT code when a physician (MD or DO) provides full, continuous assistance throughout the operative procedure. It is intended only for…- Use CPT Modifier -80 when a physician (MD or DO) serves as an assistant surgeon and provides full, continuous assistance throughout the entire operative procedure; append -80 to the surgical CPT…

    Showing 1–10 of 12

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy CodeSpecialtyNotes
    207L00000XAnesthesiology PhysicianAn anesthesiologist is trained to provide pain relief and maintenance, or restoration, of a stable condition during and immediately following an opera…
    207RH0000XHematology (Internal Medicine) PhysicianAn internist with additional training who specializes in diseases of the blood, spleen and lymph. This specialist treats conditions such as anemia, cl…
    2084P0800XPsychiatry PhysicianA Psychiatrist specializes in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of mental disorders, emotional disorders, psychotic disorders, mood disorders, …
    2086S0122XPlastic and Reconstructive Surgery PhysicianA surgeon who specializes in plastic and reconstructive surgery.
    1835P0200XPediatric PharmacistA licensed pharmacist who has demonstrated specialized knowledge and skill in the delivery of patient care services by pharmacists that ensures the sa…
    363LC1500XCommunity Health Nurse PractitionerPhysician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers · Nurse Practitioner
    111NS0005XSports Physician ChiropractorA sports chiropractor is uniquely trained to provide care and treatment of injuries or illness resulting from sports and physical fitness activities. …
    1223D0001XPublic Health DentistryThe science and art of preventing and controlling dental diseases and promoting dental health through organized community efforts. It is that form of…

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Anesthesiology1 / 3

    9 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Elective Inpatient Services (for Idaho Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-06-01
    Sites of Servicepriority health2026-06-01
    Coverage for Ambulatory Surgery Unit (ASU)/Outpatient Facility and Anesthesia for Dental Servicesuniverahealthcare2026-05-21
    Mm_0579_Coveragepositioncriteria_Anesthesia_Services_Selected_Nerve_BlocksCigna2026-05-15
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric DisordersBlue Cross Blue Shield - North Carolina2026-04-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-61304-ANTERIOR-SKULL-CRANIOTOMY-BRAIN-INSPECTION

    CPT 61304: Supratentorial Craniotomy for Frontal Brain Inspection

    CPT-61305-POSTERIOR-FOSSA-INSPECTION-SUBTENTORIAL-APPROACH

    CPT 61305: Posterior Fossa Cranial Exploration

    CPT-61312-SUPRATENTORIAL-HEMATOMA-EVACUATION-CRANIOTOMY

    CPT 61312: Supratentorial Hematoma Evacuation, Craniotomy/Craniectomy

    CPT-61313-FRONTAL-HEMATOMA-EVACUATION-BURR-HOLE-CRANIOTOMY

    CPT 61313: Craniotomy/Burr Hole Evacuation of Intracranial Hematoma

    CPT-61314-NEUROSURGICAL-HEMATOMA-EVACUATION-BURR-HOLES

    CPT 61314: Evacuation of Subdural Hematoma via Burr Holes or Craniotomy

    CPT-61315-POSTERIOR-FOSSA-CRANIOTOMY-HEMATOMA-EVACUATION

    CPT 61315: Suboccipital Craniotomy for Cerebellar Hematoma Drainage

    CPT-61316-CRANIAL-BONE-GRAFT-POCKETING-TEMPORARY-ABDOMINAL-STORAGE

    CPT 61316: Temporary Subcutaneous Cranial Bone Graft Placement

    CPT-61320-INTRACRANIAL-ABSCESS-DRAINAGE-SUPRATENTORIAL

    CPT 61320: Craniotomy for Drainage of Intracranial Abscess

    CPT-61321-CRANIAL-ABSCESS-DRAINAGE

    CPT 61321: Craniotomy to Drain Brain Abscess

    CPT-61322-DECOMPRESSIVE-CRANIECTOMY-DURAPLASTY

    CPT 61322: Decompressive Craniectomy for Elevated Intracranial Pressure

    Showing 1–10 of 62

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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