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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesRepair Procedures on the RectumCPT cpt-45541-perineal-rectal-prolapse-repair-mesh-sutures
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    CPT 45541: Perineal Repair of Rectal Prolapse with Sutures and Mesh

    Medicare pays $905 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 45541 describes a perineal approach to repair rectal prolapse in which the surgeon makes an incision between the anus and scrotum in males or between the anus and vulva in females and performs fixation using sutures and mesh; service type: perineal surgical repair for rectal prolapse; typical site of service: operating room or ambulatory surgery center for a surgical procedure under appropriate anesthesia.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Dental Anesthesia Services, Anesthesia Services for Interventional Pain Management Procedures in an Adult, General Anesthesia and Conscious Sedation Services.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient is an adult presenting with full-thickness rectal prolapse, often with fecal incontinence, obstructed defecation, mucus discharge, or recurrent protrusion of rectal tissue through the anal verge. The patient may have a history of chronic straining, pelvic floor weakness, prior pelvic surgery, or neurologic disorders. Evaluation includes history and physical exam with proctologic inspection, anorectal manometry, defecography, and colonoscopy as indicated to exclude other pathology.

    Surgical workflow for 45541 involves preoperative assessment, informed consent, bowel preparation when indicated, general or regional anesthesia, and perioperative antibiotics. The surgeon performs a perineal incision between the anus and scrotum in males or between the anus and vulva in females, reduces the prolapse, and secures the rectum with sutures and prosthetic mesh to restore fixation and prevent recurrence. Postoperative care includes pain control, stool softeners, wound care, and follow-up visits to monitor healing and continence outcomes.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    44140Colectomy, partial; with anastomosisMay be performed in patients with concomitant colonic disease discovered pre- or intraoperatively or when resection is indicated.
    45330Sigmoidoscopy, flexible; diagnostic, with or without collection of specimen by brushing or washingPreoperative diagnostic endoscopy to evaluate distal rectum and exclude mucosal lesions prior to repair.
    51720Bladder catheterization, simple; indwelling (eg, Foley)Performed intraoperatively or postoperatively for urinary management in selected patients.
    51702Irrigation of urinary catheter, simplePostoperative catheter care when urinary drainage management is required.
    57425Colposcopy of cervix including upper/adjacent vagina when indicatedOccasionally performed by combined gynecologic teams when pelvic floor pathology overlaps (used selectively).
    codes not providedData not available in the input.Data not available in the input.

    Related Modifiers

    12 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    51Modifier –51 (Multiple Procedures) is used when the same provider performs multiple procedures in the same session to identify secondary, non‑exempt procedures and indicate payment reduction logic…- Use modifier -51 when the same provider performs multiple distinct procedures during the same patient encounter: report the highest‑valued procedure first (no modifier) and append -51 to…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    54Modifier ‑54 (“Surgical care only”) is appended to a CPT surgical procedure when the reporting surgeon performs the intraoperative (surgical) component but does not furnish the preoperative and/or…- Use modifier -54 when the reporting surgeon provided only the intraoperative (surgical) component of a procedure and preoperative and/or postoperative management has been or will be provided by…
    55Modifier –55 indicates the billing provider furnished only postoperative management for a procedure that has a global surgical period. According to AAPC, this modifier is appended to the same CPT…- Use modifier -55 when billing the same CPT surgical code that has a 10- or 90-day global period and you, as a provider other than the original surgeon, furnished ONLY postoperative management (no…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    66Modifier 66 (Surgical Team) is used when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons on a single, highly complex procedure. The AMA defines it for use when a surgical team — often composed of…- Use modifier 66 when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons working collaboratively as a surgical team on a single, highly complex or difficult procedure (for example organ…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…

    Showing 1–10 of 12

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    2080P0205X
    207X00000X
    208000000X
    363L00000X
    367A00000X
    207PE0004X
    207QB0505X
    310500000X

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    29 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    E03.9Hypothyroidism, unspecified
    E66.9Obesity, unspecified
    F33.1Major depressive disorder, recurrent, moderate
    I83.90Asymptomatic varicose veins of unspecified lower extremity
    I87.2Venous insufficiency (chronic) (peripheral)
    K58.0Irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea
    K59.00Constipation, unspecified
    K59.03Drug induced constipation
    K59.09Other constipation
    K62.4Stenosis of anus and rectum

    Showing 1–10 of 29

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Anesthesiology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Dental Anesthesia ServicesProvidence Health Plan2026-10-01
    Anesthesia Services for Interventional Pain Management Procedures in an AdultCigna2026-09-15
    General Anesthesia and Conscious Sedation ServicesUnitedHealthcare2026-09-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Elective Inpatient Services (for Idaho Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-06-01
    Sites of Servicepriority health2026-06-01
    Coverage for Ambulatory Surgery Unit (ASU)/Outpatient Facility and Anesthesia for Dental Servicesuniverahealthcare2026-05-21

    Related Codes

    CPT-45500-ANORECTAL-STENOSIS-RELEASE-WITH-FLAP-REPAIR

    CPT 45500: Surgical Release of Anorectal Stenosis with Flap Repair

    CPT-45505-RECTAL-MUCOSA-EXCISION-AND-FLAP-REPAIR

    CPT 45505: Excision of Prolapsed Rectal Mucosa with Flap Repair

    CPT-45520-RECTAL-SCLEROTHERAPY-FOR-PROLAPSED-MUCOSA

    CPT 45520: Sclerotherapy for Prolapsed Rectal Mucosa

    CPT-45540-ABDOMINAL-RECTOPEXY-RECTAL-PROLAPSE-MESH-SUTURE

    CPT 45540: Abdominal Repair of Rectal Prolapse with Suture and Mesh

    CPT-45550-RECTOPEXY-WITH-SIGMOID-RESECTION

    CPT 45550: Abdominal Repair of Rectal Prolapse with Sigmoid Resection

    CPT-45560-RECTOCELE-REPAIR-VAGINAL

    CPT 45560: Rectocele Repair, Vaginal

    CPT-45562-RECTAL-REPAIR-PRESACRAL-DRAINAGE

    CPT 45562: Exploration and Repair of Rectum with Presacral Drainage

    CPT-45563-RECTAL-INJURY-REPAIR-SIGMOID-COLOSTOMY

    CPT 45563: Exploratory Abdominal Surgery, Repair Rectal Injury and Sigmoid Colostomy

    CPT-45800-RECTOVESICAL-FISTULA-REPAIR-OPEN-ABDOMINAL

    CPT 45800: Repair of Rectovesical Fistula, Abdominal Approach

    CPT-45805-RECTOVESICAL-FISTULA-REPAIR-WITH-SIGMOID-COLOSTOMY

    CPT 45805: Rectovesical Fistula Repair with Sigmoid Colostomy

    Showing 1–10 of 12

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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