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    v1.0.28
    OpenPayerBilling CodesEndoscopy Procedures on the RectumCPT cpt-45381-colonoscopy-flexible-with-submucosal-injection
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    CPT 45381: Colonoscopy, Flexible; with Submucosal Injection

    Medicare pays $509 and commercial payers pay $767 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 45381 describes a flexible colonoscopy in which a provider inserts a flexible endoscope through the anus and advances through the entire colon while performing one or more submucosal injections; service type: endoscopic therapeutic procedure; typical site of service: ambulatory surgery center or hospital endoscopy suite (outpatient setting).

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Coverage Policy, Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), Serum Testing for Hepatic Fibrosis in the Evaluation and Monitoring of Chronic Liver Disease.

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    National Reimbursement Benchmarks

    Medicare’s mean rate for CPT 45381 sits at $508.80, which is slightly below BUCA’s mean commercial benchmark of $767.10. This gap of $258.30 highlights that BUCA’s average commercial payment is meaningfully higher than Medicare’s national average, consistent with typical commercial-to-Medicare differentials for advanced endoscopy procedures.

    Rate dispersion (P75–P25) varies notably across payers. Blue Cross Blue Shield shows the widest interquartile spread at $820.30 ($1,377.50–$557.70), followed by UnitedHealth Group at $427.50 ($792.40–$374.90). Aetna’s spread is $364.00 ($420.00–$57.10), Cigna’s is $345.20 ($672.90–$302.70), and BUCA’s IQR is $632.90 ($1,056.50–$423.60). The tightest dispersion among those with IQR data is Cigna, indicating relatively less variability around its middle 50% of rates.

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    National Payer Mean Reimbursement Rates

    State Reimbursement Rates

    State: Alaska1 / 51

    Rate by payer

    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 62-year-old patient presents for a screening/surveillance colonoscopy after a positive stool-based screening test. The gastroenterology team performs a full-length colonoscopy using a flexible endoscope introduced through the anus to examine the entire colon. During the procedure a 6–8 mm sessile polyp is identified; instead of snare resection, the endoscopist performs one or more submucosal injections beneath the lesion to lift the polyp from the muscularis propria prior to planned resection or to facilitate endoscopic mucosal resection at a subsequent step. The patient receives moderate sedation in an ambulatory endoscopy suite and is monitored post-procedure for recovery before discharge.

    Key workflow steps:

    • Referral and pre-procedure evaluation, including medication review and informed consent.

    • Procedure performed in an endoscopy suite with continuous monitoring and moderate sedation administered by the procedural team.

    • Flexible colonoscope insertion via the anus and systematic inspection of the colon to the cecum.

    • Identification of lesion(s) and performance of one or more submucosal injections (saline, saline with dye, or lifting solution) beneath the mucosal lesion.

    • Documentation of injection sites, volumes, agents used, and any immediate complications (bleeding, perforation).

    • Post-procedure recovery and discharge with return precautions and pathology follow-up if tissue sampling or later resection is planned.

    • Billing reflects 45381 for colonoscopy with submucosal injection; additional CPTs may be reported if biopsy, snare polypectomy, or hemostasis are performed and meet coding rules.

    Related Modifiers

    12 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    79Modifier 79 indicates a surgical procedure performed during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery that is unrelated to the original procedure. Per AMA/CPT and CMS guidance, it is…- Use modifier 79 when the same physician (or same‑specialty physician in the same group) performs a surgical procedure during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery and the new procedure…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    51Modifier –51 (Multiple Procedures) is used when the same provider performs multiple procedures in the same session to identify secondary, non‑exempt procedures and indicate payment reduction logic…- Use modifier -51 when the same provider performs multiple distinct procedures during the same patient encounter: report the highest‑valued procedure first (no modifier) and append -51 to…

    Showing 1–10 of 12

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy CodeSpecialtyNotes
    207RG0100XGastroenterology PhysicianAn internist who specializes in diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the digestive organs including the stomach, bowels, liver and gallbladder. This…
    207R00000XInternal Medicine PhysicianA physician who provides long-term, comprehensive care in the office and the hospital, managing both common and complex illness of adolescents, adults…
    207Q00000XFamily Medicine PhysicianFamily Medicine is the medical specialty which is concerned with the total health care of the individual and the family. It is the specialty in breadt…
    225XM0800XMental Health Occupational TherapistOccupational therapists provide treatment for people recovering from a mental or physical illness to regain their independence and stability and to en…
    332BD1200XDialysis Equipment & Supplies (DME)Suppliers · Durable Medical Equipment & Medical Supplies
    208M00000XHospitalist PhysicianHospitalists are physicians whose primary professional focus is the general medical care of hospitalized patients. Their activities include patient ca…
    102X00000XPoetry TherapistA medical or mental health professional who has attained credentials after satisfactorily completing a poetry therapy training program approved by the…
    246QL0900XLaboratory Management Specialist/TechnologistTechnologists, Technicians & Other Technical Service Providers · Specialist/Technologist, Pathology

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Gastroenterology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Coverage Policyevicore2026-11-05
    Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    Serum Testing for Hepatic Fibrosis in the Evaluation and Monitoring of Chronic Liver DiseaseOscar Health2026-10-01
    Fecal Analysis in the Diagnosis of Intestinal Dysbiosis and Fecal Microbiota Transplant TestingOscar Health2026-10-01
    Pancreatic Enzyme Testing for Acute PancreatitisOscar Health2026-10-01
    Helicobacter pylori TestingOscar Health2026-10-01
    Celiac Disease TestingOscar Health2026-10-01
    Laboratory Testing for the Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel DiseaseOscar Health2026-10-01
    Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Field Stimulation (PENFS)Cigna2026-09-15
    Colorectal Cancer ScreeningBlue Cross Blue Shield - New Mexico2026-09-04

    Related Codes

    CPT-45300-PROCTOSIGMOIDOSCOPY-RIGID-DIAGNOSTIC

    CPT 45300: Diagnostic Proctosigmoidoscopy with Rigid Proctoscope

    CPT-45303-PROCTOSIGMOIDOSCOPY-WITH-STRICTURE-DILATION

    CPT 45303: Proctosigmoidoscopy with Stricture Dilation

    CPT-45305-PROCTOSIGMOIDOSCOPY-WITH-BIOPSY

    CPT 45305: Proctosigmoidoscopy with Biopsy

    CPT-45307-PROCTOSIGMOIDOSCOPY-LOWER-GI-ENDOSCOPY

    CPT 45307: Proctosigmoidoscopy of Rectum and Sigmoid Colon

    CPT-45308-PROCTOSIGMOIDOSCOPIC-LESION-REMOVAL

    CPT 45308: Proctosigmoidoscopy with Removal of Single Lesion

    CPT-45309-PROCTOSIGMOIDOSCOPY-SNARE-EXCISION-LESION

    CPT 45309: Proctosigmoidoscopy with Snare Polypectomy

    CPT-45315-PROCTOSIGMOIDOSCOPIC-POLYPECTOMY-MULTIPLE-LESIONS

    CPT 45315: Proctosigmoidoscopy with Multiple Lesion Removal

    CPT-45317-PROCTOSIGMOIDOSCOPY-WITH-HEMOSTASIS

    CPT 45317: Therapeutic Proctosigmoidoscopy for Hemorrhage Control

    CPT-45320-PROCTOSIGMOIDOSCOPIC-LESION-ABLATION

    CPT 45320: Proctosigmoidoscopic Ablation of Lesion

    CPT-45321-PROCTOSIGMOIDOSCOPIC-DECOMPRESSION-SIGMOID-VOLVULUS

    CPT 45321: Proctosigmoidoscopic Decompression of Volvulus

    Showing 1–10 of 39

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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    Trek Health ingests and normalizes Transparency in Coverage data and payer policy updates to give provider organizations a clear view of how commercial reimbursement behaves across markets, payers, and services. Our platform transforms raw payer disclosures into structured intelligence that supports contract evaluation, payer negotiations, and service line strategy. By combining market benchmarks with ongoing policy visibility, Trek helps teams identify variability, risk, and opportunity in commercial reimbursement. The result is faster insight, stronger negotiating positions, and more informed financial decisions.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    45380Colonoscopy, flexible; with biopsy, single or multipleMay be reported if biopsy specimens are collected in addition to or instead of submucosal injection during the same colonoscopy.
    45385Colonoscopy, flexible; with removal of tumor(s), polyp(s), or other lesion(s) by snare techniqueReported when the lifted lesion is removed by snare polypectomy during the procedure; often billed in the same session if resection is performed.
    45378Colonoscopy, flexible; diagnostic, including collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing, when performed (separate procedure)Reported for a diagnostic colonoscopy without therapeutic maneuvers, or when only washings/brushings are performed.
    45382Colonoscopy, flexible; with control of bleeding, any methodReported when active bleeding is encountered and endoscopic hemostasis is performed during the colonoscopy.