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    v1.0.28
    OpenPayerBilling CodesExcision Procedures on the RectumCPT cpt-45172-transanal-excision-rectal-tumor-muscularis-propria
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    CPT 45172: Transanal Full-Thickness Excision of Rectal Tumor

    Medicare pays $811 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 45172 describes a transanal full-thickness excision of a rectal tumor in which the surgeon makes an incision through the anus and removes the lesion including the muscularis propria, performed as a surgical excision of a rectal neoplasm; typical site of service is the ambulatory surgery center or hospital operating room for transanal surgical procedures.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Coverage Policy, Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), Fecal Analysis in the Diagnosis of Intestinal Dysbiosis and Fecal Microbiota Transplant Testing.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient is a 58-year-old individual presenting with rectal bleeding and a palpable rectal mass on digital rectal exam. Endoscopic evaluation (flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy) identifies a localized T1–T2 lesion within the distal rectum accessible via transanal approach. Biopsy demonstrates a benign adenoma with high-grade dysplasia or a small early-stage adenocarcinoma confined to the rectal wall. After preoperative staging (endorectal ultrasound or pelvic MRI) confirms a lesion amenable to local excision and the patient is counseled regarding options, the surgeon schedules a transanal excision.

    On the day of service, the procedure is performed in an ambulatory surgery center or hospital operating room with the patient under regional or general anesthesia. The surgeon uses a transanal approach through the anus, makes a full-thickness excision including the muscularis propria to achieve clear margins, and sends the specimen for pathologic evaluation. Intraoperative measures include local hemostasis, assessment of the defect (which may be closed primarily or left open depending on size and location), and documentation of specimen size and margin status. Postoperative care includes monitoring for bleeding, infection, and signs of rectal wall compromise, with instructions for bowel regimen and follow-up for final pathology to determine need for further therapy.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    45330Flexible sigmoidoscopy, diagnostic, with or without collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing (separate procedure)Performed preoperatively for diagnosis and lesion mapping prior to planning a transanal excision.
    45380Colonoscopy with biopsy, single or multipleDiagnostic colonoscopy with biopsy that often precedes surgical excision to establish pathology.
    46600Closure of rectal prolapse, external, simple (may vary)Not routinely performed with transanal excision but listed as related anorectal procedures in pre/postoperative considerations when anatomy is altered.
    44140Colectomy, partial; with anastomosis (resection, small intestine, large intestine)Represents a more extensive resection reserved when local excision is inadequate or for higher-stage malignancy; may follow if pathology shows deeper invasion.
    45395Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or polypectomy for colon/rectum, single sessionAlternative minimally invasive treatment for select lesions amenable to endoscopic resection rather than full-thickness transanal excision.

    Related Modifiers

    12 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    23Modifier -23 (Unusual Anesthesia) is used on anesthesia service CPT codes when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia…- Use modifier -23 only on anesthesia CPT codes (00100–01999) when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia because of…
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    51Modifier –51 (Multiple Procedures) is used when the same provider performs multiple procedures in the same session to identify secondary, non‑exempt procedures and indicate payment reduction logic…- Use modifier -51 when the same provider performs multiple distinct procedures during the same patient encounter: report the highest‑valued procedure first (no modifier) and append -51 to…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    54Modifier ‑54 (“Surgical care only”) is appended to a CPT surgical procedure when the reporting surgeon performs the intraoperative (surgical) component but does not furnish the preoperative and/or…- Use modifier -54 when the reporting surgeon provided only the intraoperative (surgical) component of a procedure and preoperative and/or postoperative management has been or will be provided by…
    55Modifier –55 indicates the billing provider furnished only postoperative management for a procedure that has a global surgical period. According to AAPC, this modifier is appended to the same CPT…- Use modifier -55 when billing the same CPT surgical code that has a 10- or 90-day global period and you, as a provider other than the original surgeon, furnished ONLY postoperative management (no…
    56Modifier ‑56 indicates the reporting provider furnished only the preoperative management for a surgical procedure and did not perform the intraoperative or postoperative care. It is used in…- Use Modifier -56 when a provider performs only the preoperative management in a split‑care situation (one physician manages preop care while a different physician performs the intraoperative…

    Showing 1–10 of 12

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy CodeSpecialtyNotes
    207R00000XInternal Medicine PhysicianA physician who provides long-term, comprehensive care in the office and the hospital, managing both common and complex illness of adolescents, adults…
    207KA0200XAllergy PhysicianA physician who specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of allergies.
    363LF0000XFamily Nurse PractitionerPhysician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers · Nurse Practitioner
    163WN0002XNeonatal Intensive Care Registered NurseNursing Service Providers · Registered Nurse
    2084D0003XDiagnostic Neuroimaging (Psychiatry & Neurology) PhysicianA licensed physician, who has completed a residency program in Neurology, and who has additional training, experience, and competence in the standards…
    261QH0100XHealth Service Clinic/CenterAmbulatory Health Care Facilities · Clinic/Center
    204F00000XTransplant Surgery PhysicianA surgeon who specializes in transplant surgery.
    2471C1101XCardiovascular-Interventional Technology Radiologic TechnologistA radiologic technologist who specializes in cardiovascular interventional technology.

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    27 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    C18.7Malignant neoplasm of sigmoid colon
    C18.9Malignant neoplasm of colon, unspecified
    C19Malignant neoplasm of rectosigmoid junction
    C20Malignant neoplasm of rectum
    C21.0Malignant neoplasm of anus, unspecified
    C21.1Malignant neoplasm of anal canal
    D01.0Carcinoma in situ of colon
    D01.1Carcinoma in situ of rectosigmoid junction
    D12.6Benign neoplasm of colon, unspecified
    K57.30Diverticulosis of large intestine without perforation or abscess without bleeding

    Showing 1–10 of 27

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Gastroenterology1 / 3

    7 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Coverage Policyevicore2026-11-05
    Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    Fecal Analysis in the Diagnosis of Intestinal Dysbiosis and Fecal Microbiota Transplant TestingOscar Health2026-10-01
    Serum Testing for Hepatic Fibrosis in the Evaluation and Monitoring of Chronic Liver DiseaseOscar Health2026-10-01
    Pancreatic Enzyme Testing for Acute PancreatitisOscar Health2026-10-01
    Helicobacter pylori TestingOscar Health2026-10-01
    Celiac Disease TestingOscar Health2026-10-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-45100-ANORECTAL-WALL-BIOPSY-ANAL-APPROACH

    CPT 45100: Anal Approach Anorectal Wall Biopsy

    CPT-45108-ANORECTAL-TUMOR-EXCISION

    CPT 45108: Excision of Tumor of Anorectal Muscle

    CPT-45110-ABDOMINOPERINEAL-RESECTION-WITH-COLOSTOMY

    CPT 45110: Abdominoperineal Resection with Colostomy

    CPT-45111-PARTIAL-RECTAL-RESECTION-ABDOMINAL-APPROACH

    CPT 45111: Partial Resection of Rectum, Abdominal Approach

    CPT-45112-RECTAL-RESECTION-COLON-TO-ANUS-ANASTOMOSIS

    CPT 45112: Abdominoperineal Resection of Rectum

    CPT-45113-PROCTECTOMY-ILEOANAL-ANASTOMOSIS-ILEAL-POUCH

    CPT 45113: Partial Proctectomy with Ileoanal Anastomosis and Ileal Pouch

    CPT-45114-RECTAL-RESECTION-ANASTOMOSIS-ABDOMINAL-SACRAL-APPROACH

    CPT 45114: Abdominoperineal Resection with Colorectal Anastomosis

    CPT-45116-POSTERIOR-APPROACH-RECTAL-RESECTION-ANASTOMOSIS

    CPT 45116: Posterior Low Rectal Resection with Colon-Rectum Anastomosis

    CPT-45119-RESTORATIVE-PROCTOCOLECTOMY-WITH-COLONIC-POUCH

    CPT 45119: Abdominoperineal Proctocolectomy with Colonic Pouch

    CPT-45120-ABDOMINOPERINEAL-RECTAL-RESECTION-COLON-ANASTOMOSIS

    CPT 45120: Abdominoperineal Resection of Rectum

    Showing 1–10 of 19

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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