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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesRepair Procedures on the DiaphragmCPT cpt-39540-traumatic-diaphragmatic-hernia-repair
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    CPT 39540: Surgical Repair of Traumatic Diaphragmatic Hernia

    Medicare pays $825 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 39540 describes the surgical repair of a diaphragmatic hernia caused by an acute traumatic injury to the diaphragm, performed in an operative setting; the service is a trauma surgery procedure typically provided in an inpatient operating room or emergency surgical suite and excludes repair of neonatal hernias.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Automated Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring for Diagnosis of Hypertension in Patients with Elevated Office Blood Pressure, Cardiology - Ivabradine, Cardiac Computed Tomography (CCT)/Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography (CCTA).

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient is an adult who sustains blunt or penetrating thoracoabdominal trauma after a motor vehicle collision or significant fall. The patient presents to the emergency department with respiratory distress, chest or abdominal pain, decreased breath sounds on the affected side, and possible bowel sounds in the chest. Imaging (chest radiograph and contrast-enhanced CT of chest/abdomen) demonstrates discontinuity of the diaphragm with herniation of abdominal contents into the hemithorax consistent with an acute traumatic diaphragmatic rupture. The surgical workflow includes emergency surgical consultation, resuscitation, airway management, preoperative anesthesia evaluation, and expedited operative repair. The operation is typically performed in an operating room under general anesthesia; approaches include transthoracic, transabdominal, or combined access depending on associated injuries and surgeon preference. Intraoperative steps include reduction of herniated viscera, debridement of the diaphragmatic tear edges, and primary repair with nonabsorbable sutures or mesh reinforcement when needed. Postoperative care includes intensive monitoring for respiratory compromise, analgesia, chest tube management if placed, and surveillance for associated intra-abdominal or thoracic injuries. Typical site of service: inpatient operating room, often emergent. Service type: emergent surgical repair of acute traumatic diaphragmatic hernia. Typical patient scenario: adult trauma patient with acute diaphragmatic rupture secondary to blunt thoracoabdominal trauma requiring urgent surgical repair using 39540 (repair of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia).

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    32551Tube thoracostomy, includes connection to drainage system (e.g., for pneumothorax or hemothorax)Often performed preoperatively or intraoperatively for associated hemothorax/pneumothorax when 39540 is done.
    49000Exploratory laparotomy, exploratory celiotomy with or without drainage of an abscess; initialFrequently performed when abdominal injuries accompany diaphragmatic rupture; may be performed concurrently with 39540.
    39330Repair of traumatic injury to the diaphragm, thoracotomy approachAlternative or complementary CPT when a thoracic approach is used; coding selection depends on approach and documentation.
    43770Laparoscopy, surgical; repair, traumatic diaphragmatic hernia (e.g., reduction and repair)Minimally invasive approach that may be used in stable patients instead of open 39540.
    35800Lysis of adhesions (separate procedure)May be billed when extensive adhesiolysis is required to reduce herniated viscera during repair.
    36415Collection of venous blood by venipunctureCommon ancillary service for laboratory evaluation during perioperative care.

    Related Modifiers

    13 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    23Modifier -23 (Unusual Anesthesia) is used on anesthesia service CPT codes when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia…- Use modifier -23 only on anesthesia CPT codes (00100–01999) when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia because of…
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    51Modifier –51 (Multiple Procedures) is used when the same provider performs multiple procedures in the same session to identify secondary, non‑exempt procedures and indicate payment reduction logic…- Use modifier -51 when the same provider performs multiple distinct procedures during the same patient encounter: report the highest‑valued procedure first (no modifier) and append -51 to…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    79Modifier 79 indicates a surgical procedure performed during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery that is unrelated to the original procedure. Per AMA/CPT and CMS guidance, it is…- Use modifier 79 when the same physician (or same‑specialty physician in the same group) performs a surgical procedure during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery and the new procedure…

    Showing 1–10 of 13

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    207RH0000X
    207RI0200X
    2080P0207X
    208000000X
    293D00000X
    103TP0016X
    2083P0901X
    171M00000X

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Cardiology1 / 2

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Automated Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring for Diagnosis of Hypertension in Patients with Elevated Office Blood PressureBluecross Idaho2026-11-01
    Cardiology - IvabradineCigna2026-10-15
    Cardiac Computed Tomography (CCT)/Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography (CCTA)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    Percutaneous Ventricular Assist DeviceUnitedHealthcare2026-10-01
    Cardiovascular Disease Risk AssessmentOscar Health2026-10-01
    Biomarkers for Myocardial Infarction and Chronic Heart FailureOscar Health2026-10-01
    Multiple Procedure Payment Reduction for Diagnostic Cardiovascular ProceduresBlue Cross Blue Shield - Maine2026-10-01
    Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devicesexcellus_health_plan_inc2026-09-17
    Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devicesuniverahealthcare2026-09-17
    Cardiac Omnibus CodesCigna2026-09-15

    Related Codes

    CPT-39501-DIAPHRAGM-REPAIR-TRAUMATIC-TEAR

    CPT 39501: Repair of Traumatic Diaphragmatic Tear

    CPT-39503-CONGENITAL-DIAPHRAGMATIC-HERNIA-REPAIR-NEWBORN

    CPT 39503: Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Repair, Newborn

    CPT-39541-RECURRENT-TRAUMATIC-DIAPHRAGMATIC-HERNIA-REPAIR

    CPT 39541: Repair of Recurrent Traumatic Diaphragmatic Hernia

    CPT-39545-DIAPHRAGMATIC-PLICATION-REPAIR-ELEVATED-DIAPHRAGM

    CPT 39545: Diaphragmatic Plication/Repair for Elevated Diaphragm

    CPT-39560-DIAPHRAGM-RESECTION-AND-PRIMARY-REPAIR

    CPT 39560: Diaphragm Resection with Primary Repair

    CPT-39561-DIAPHRAGM-RESECTION-AND-REPAIR

    CPT 39561: Diaphragm Resection with Involved Repair

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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