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    v1.0.28
    OpenPayerBilling CodesEndoscopy Procedures on the LarynxCPT cpt-31541-laryngoscopy-excision-laryngeal-lesion
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    CPT 31541: Direct Laryngoscopy with Excision or Stripping of Laryngeal Mass

    Medicare pays $227 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 31541 describes direct laryngoscopy with use of an operating microscope or telescope to inspect the larynx and detect an abnormal mass, with procedures such as vocal cord or epiglottic stripping and/or excision of a laryngeal tumor; service type: operative laryngeal surgery; typical site of service: operating room or ambulatory surgery center under general or monitored anesthesia in otolaryngology practice.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use Disorders, Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use Disorders, Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use Disorders.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 58-year-old male presents with progressive hoarseness and sensation of a mass in the throat. Flexible laryngoscopy in clinic reveals a suspicious lesion on the right true vocal fold. The patient is scheduled for direct laryngoscopy with microlaryngoscopic excision under general anesthesia. In the operating room the surgeon uses a direct laryngoscope with an operating microscope or endoscopic telescope to visualize the larynx, performs stripping of superficial vocal fold epithelium as indicated, and excises the lesion for histopathology. Typical perioperative workflow includes preoperative evaluation by anesthesia, intraoperative microscopic visualization and possible biopsies or tumor excision, and postoperative airway monitoring with short observation in PACU. Typical site of service is an ambulatory surgery center or hospital outpatient surgery department; inpatient admission occurs rarely for complex concurrent procedures or airway compromise.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    31575Direct laryngoscopy, laryngoscopy with biopsy or removal of foreign bodyOften performed for diagnostic biopsy when limited excision or sampling is needed prior to full excision
    31231Nasal/sinus endoscopy, diagnostic, with or without collection of specimen(s) by swabData not typically directly related; not applicable (Data not available in the input.)
    31237Nasal/sinus endoscopy with biopsy, polypectomy or removal of tissueData not typically directly related; not applicable (Data not available in the input.)

    Related Modifiers

    10 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    51Modifier –51 (Multiple Procedures) is used when the same provider performs multiple procedures in the same session to identify secondary, non‑exempt procedures and indicate payment reduction logic…- Use modifier -51 when the same provider performs multiple distinct procedures during the same patient encounter: report the highest‑valued procedure first (no modifier) and append -51 to…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    63Modifier‑63 is appended to surgical CPT codes (20000–69990) when a procedure is performed on a neonate or infant weighing ≤ 4 kg (about 8.8 lbs). The AMA/AAPC definition specifies this use and notes…- Use modifier -63 only for surgical procedures in the CPT 20000–69990 series performed on a neonate or infant who weighs ≤ 4 kg at the time of the procedure; it indicates increased complexity due to…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    79Modifier 79 indicates a surgical procedure performed during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery that is unrelated to the original procedure. Per AMA/CPT and CMS guidance, it is…- Use modifier 79 when the same physician (or same‑specialty physician in the same group) performs a surgical procedure during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery and the new procedure…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy CodeSpecialtyNotes
    207L00000XAnesthesiology PhysicianAn anesthesiologist is trained to provide pain relief and maintenance, or restoration, of a stable condition during and immediately following an opera…
    367500000XCertified Registered Nurse Anesthetist(1) A licensed registered nurse with advanced specialty education in anesthesia who, in collaboration with appropriate health care professionals, prov…
    207PT0002XMedical Toxicology (Emergency Medicine) PhysicianMedical toxicologists are physicians who specialize in the prevention, evaluation, treatment and monitoring of injury and illness from exposures to dr…
    207Y00000XOtolaryngology PhysicianAn otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeon provides comprehensive medical and surgical care for patients with diseases and disorders that affect the ea…
    1223X0008XOral and Maxillofacial Radiology DentistryThe specialty of dentistry and discipline of radiology concerned with the production and interpretation of images and data produced by all modalities …
    207YP0228XPediatric Otolaryngology PhysicianA pediatric otolaryngologist has special expertise in the management of infants and children with disorders that include congenital and acquired condi…
    261QF0400XFederally Qualified Health Center (FQHC)Ambulatory Health Care Facilities · Clinic/Center
    156FX1700XOcularistAn ocularist is a thoroughly trained professional skilled in the art of fitting, painting, and fabricating custom ocular prostheses. In addition to cr…

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    27 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    C32.0Malignant neoplasm of glottis
    C32.1Malignant neoplasm of supraglottis
    C32.2Malignant neoplasm of subglottis
    C32.3Malignant neoplasm of laryngeal cartilage
    C32.9Malignant neoplasm of larynx, unspecified
    D14.1Benign neoplasm of larynx
    D38.1Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of trachea, bronchus and lung
    J02.9Acute pharyngitis, unspecified
    J03.90Acute tonsillitis, unspecified
    J35.1Hypertrophy of tonsils

    Showing 1–10 of 27

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Anesthesiology1 / 2

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Elective Inpatient Services (for Idaho Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-06-01
    Sites of Servicepriority health2026-06-01
    Coverage for Ambulatory Surgery Unit (ASU)/Outpatient Facility and Anesthesia for Dental Servicesuniverahealthcare2026-05-21
    Mm_0579_Coveragepositioncriteria_Anesthesia_Services_Selected_Nerve_BlocksCigna2026-05-15
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric DisordersBlue Cross Blue Shield - North Carolina2026-04-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric DisordersBlue Cross Blue Shield - North Carolina2026-04-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-31505-LARYNGOSCOPY-MIRROR-DIAGNOSTIC

    CPT 31505: Laryngeal Mirror Examination (Diagnostic Laryngoscopy)

    CPT-31510-DIAGNOSTIC-LARYNGOSCOPY-WITH-BIOPSY

    CPT 31510: Direct Laryngoscopy with Biopsy

    CPT-31511-LARYNGEAL-MIRROR-EXAM-FOREIGN-BODY-REMOVAL

    CPT 31511: Laryngeal Mirror Examination with Foreign Body Removal

    CPT-31512-LARYNGOSCOPY-WITH-LESION-EXCISION

    CPT 31512: Direct Laryngoscopy with Removal of Laryngeal Lesion

    CPT-31513-LARYNGEAL-EXAM-VOCAL-CORD-INJECTION

    CPT 31513: Laryngoscopy with Vocal Cord Injection

    CPT-31515-DIRECT-LARYNGOSCOPY-ASPIRATION-LARYNX-TRACHEA

    CPT 31515: Direct Laryngoscopy with Aspiration, Optional Tracheoscopy

    CPT-31520-INFANT-DIAGNOSTIC-DIRECT-LARYNGOSCOPY-TRACHEOSCOPY

    CPT 31520: Direct Laryngoscopy with/without Tracheoscopy, Neonate

    CPT-31525-DIRECT-LARYNGOSCOPY-LARYNX-TRACHEOSCOPY-OPTIONAL

    CPT 31525: Direct Laryngoscopy with/without Tracheoscopy, Diagnostic

    CPT-31526-DIRECT-LARYNGOSCOPY-OPERATING-TELESCOPE-MICROSCOPE-DIAGNOSTIC

    CPT 31526: Direct Laryngoscopy with Telescope or Microscope, Diagnostic

    CPT-31527-DIRECT-LARYNGOSCOPY-OBTURATOR-INSERTION

    CPT 31527: Direct Laryngoscopy with Obturator and Optional Tracheoscopy

    Showing 1–10 of 35

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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