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    OpenPayerBilling CodesEndoscopy Procedures on the LarynxCPT cpt-31576-flexible-laryngoscopy-with-laryngeal-biopsy
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    CPT 31576: Flexible Laryngoscopy with Biopsy

    Medicare pays $279 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 31576 describes a diagnostic procedure in which the provider uses a flexible laryngoscope to inspect the larynx (voice box) and performs a biopsy of laryngeal tissue; service type: diagnostic endoscopy with biopsy; typical site of service: outpatient clinic, ambulatory surgery center, or hospital outpatient department.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use Disorders, Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use Disorders, Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use Disorders.

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 58-year-old male with progressive hoarseness and intermittent throat pain is referred to otolaryngology for evaluation. Flexible laryngoscopy with biopsy is scheduled in an ambulatory endoscopy suite. The patient arrives fasting, completes informed consent, and topical anesthesia with lidocaine is applied to nasal passages and oropharynx. A flexible fiberoptic laryngoscope is advanced transnasally to visualize the nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx. Suspicious mucosal lesions on the vocal fold are identified and sampled using through-the-scope biopsy forceps. Specimens are placed in formalin and sent to pathology. Hemostasis is obtained, and the patient is observed briefly for airway compromise or bleeding before discharge with return precautions.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    31575Laryngoscopy, flexible; diagnostic, with or without stroboscopyPerformed when visualization without tissue sampling is sufficient; may precede biopsy
    31360Nasal/sinus endoscopy, diagnosticUsed for nasal passage assessment and to facilitate transnasal laryngoscope passage when concurrent sinonasal pathology exists
    31505Laryngoscopy, direct, with operating microscope or with endoscope; diagnosticAlternative approach for direct laryngoscopy under general anesthesia if flexible biopsy is not feasible
    43235Esophagoscopy, rigid, diagnostic; with biopsy, single or multiplePerformed when concurrent evaluation of the hypopharynx or upper esophagus is indicated during airway workup
    88305Pathology, surgical pathology, intermediate complexityTypical billing code for histopathologic examination of laryngeal biopsy specimens

    Related Modifiers

    10 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    63Modifier‑63 is appended to surgical CPT codes (20000–69990) when a procedure is performed on a neonate or infant weighing ≤ 4 kg (about 8.8 lbs). The AMA/AAPC definition specifies this use and notes…- Use modifier -63 only for surgical procedures in the CPT 20000–69990 series performed on a neonate or infant who weighs ≤ 4 kg at the time of the procedure; it indicates increased complexity due to…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    77Modifier 77 indicates that a previously performed procedure or service was legitimately repeated by a different physician or other qualified health care professional. The AMA’s CPT definition…- Use modifier 77 when a basic procedure or service already performed is repeated by a different physician or other qualified health care professional (for example, a second provider independently…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    79Modifier 79 indicates a surgical procedure performed during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery that is unrelated to the original procedure. Per AMA/CPT and CMS guidance, it is…- Use modifier 79 when the same physician (or same‑specialty physician in the same group) performs a surgical procedure during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery and the new procedure…
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy CodeSpecialtyNotes
    207Y00000XOtolaryngology PhysicianAn otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeon provides comprehensive medical and surgical care for patients with diseases and disorders that affect the ea…
    207X00000XOrthopaedic Surgery PhysicianAn orthopaedic surgeon is trained in the preservation, investigation and restoration of the form and function of the extremities, spine and associated…
    207Q00000XFamily Medicine PhysicianFamily Medicine is the medical specialty which is concerned with the total health care of the individual and the family. It is the specialty in breadt…
    2084P0800XPsychiatry PhysicianA Psychiatrist specializes in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of mental disorders, emotional disorders, psychotic disorders, mood disorders, …
    3416L0300XLand AmbulanceTransportation Services · Ambulance
    2085R0203XTherapeutic Radiology PhysicianTherapeutic Radiology certificate name was changed to Radiation Oncology. Use Radiation Oncology.
    1041S0200XSchool Social WorkerBehavioral Health & Social Service Providers · Social Worker
    208VP0000XPain Medicine PhysicianPain Medicine is a primary medical specialty based on a distinct body of knowledge and a well-defined scope of clinical practice that is founded on sc…

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Anesthesiology1 / 2

    9 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Elective Inpatient Services (for Idaho Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-06-01
    Sites of Servicepriority health2026-06-01
    Coverage for Ambulatory Surgery Unit (ASU)/Outpatient Facility and Anesthesia for Dental Servicesuniverahealthcare2026-05-21
    Mm_0579_Coveragepositioncriteria_Anesthesia_Services_Selected_Nerve_BlocksCigna2026-05-15
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric DisordersBlue Cross Blue Shield - North Carolina2026-04-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-31505-LARYNGOSCOPY-MIRROR-DIAGNOSTIC

    CPT 31505: Laryngeal Mirror Examination (Diagnostic Laryngoscopy)

    CPT-31510-DIAGNOSTIC-LARYNGOSCOPY-WITH-BIOPSY

    CPT 31510: Direct Laryngoscopy with Biopsy

    CPT-31511-LARYNGEAL-MIRROR-EXAM-FOREIGN-BODY-REMOVAL

    CPT 31511: Laryngeal Mirror Examination with Foreign Body Removal

    CPT-31512-LARYNGOSCOPY-WITH-LESION-EXCISION

    CPT 31512: Direct Laryngoscopy with Removal of Laryngeal Lesion

    CPT-31513-LARYNGEAL-EXAM-VOCAL-CORD-INJECTION

    CPT 31513: Laryngoscopy with Vocal Cord Injection

    CPT-31515-DIRECT-LARYNGOSCOPY-ASPIRATION-LARYNX-TRACHEA

    CPT 31515: Direct Laryngoscopy with Aspiration, Optional Tracheoscopy

    CPT-31520-INFANT-DIAGNOSTIC-DIRECT-LARYNGOSCOPY-TRACHEOSCOPY

    CPT 31520: Direct Laryngoscopy with/without Tracheoscopy, Neonate

    CPT-31525-DIRECT-LARYNGOSCOPY-LARYNX-TRACHEOSCOPY-OPTIONAL

    CPT 31525: Direct Laryngoscopy with/without Tracheoscopy, Diagnostic

    CPT-31526-DIRECT-LARYNGOSCOPY-OPERATING-TELESCOPE-MICROSCOPE-DIAGNOSTIC

    CPT 31526: Direct Laryngoscopy with Telescope or Microscope, Diagnostic

    CPT-31527-DIRECT-LARYNGOSCOPY-OBTURATOR-INSERTION

    CPT 31527: Direct Laryngoscopy with Obturator and Optional Tracheoscopy

    Showing 1–10 of 35

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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