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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesExcision Procedures on the LarynxCPT cpt-31395-pharyngolaryngectomy-with-reconstruction
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    CPT 31395: Pharyngolaryngectomy with Reconstruction

    Medicare pays $2606 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 31395 describes pharyngolaryngectomy with reconstruction, a surgical procedure in which the provider removes the pharynx and larynx and reconstructs the aerodigestive tract; service type: extirpative head and neck surgery with reconstruction; typical site of service: inpatient hospital or tertiary surgical center where complex airway, swallowing, and reconstructive care are provided.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Dental Anesthesia Services, Anesthesia Services for Interventional Pain Management Procedures in an Adult, General Anesthesia and Conscious Sedation Services.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 64-year-old male with progressive dysphagia, recurrent aspiration, and a T3 squamous cell carcinoma involving the larynx and hypopharynx is evaluated by an otolaryngology–head and neck surgical team. After multidisciplinary tumor board review, the decision is made to perform a pharyngolaryngectomy with reconstructive surgery to remove the diseased larynx and involved segments of the pharynx, restore alimentary continuity, and optimize airway and swallowing. The clinical workflow includes preoperative staging (imaging, endoscopy, anesthesia assessment), informed consent emphasizing oncologic resection and reconstruction, operative resection of the larynx and affected pharyngeal tissue, immediate reconstruction (regional flap or free tissue transfer) to recreate the pharyngeal conduit, placement of a tracheostomy and feeding access (PEG or gastrostomy) as indicated, postoperative ICU or step-down monitoring for airway and flap viability, swallow and speech rehabilitation planning, and coordination of adjuvant therapy with medical and radiation oncology as required. Typical site of service is an inpatient acute care hospital or tertiary academic medical center. Service type: major surgical, oncologic head and neck resection with reconstruction.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    31643Laryngectomy, partial or hemilaryngectomy; with repair of trachea or pharynxMay be performed for more limited laryngeal resections or as a component procedure in staged resections prior to or instead of total pharyngolaryngectomy.
    43280Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; diagnostic, with or without collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washingPreoperative endoscopic evaluation of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus to define tumor extent; diagnostic adjunct.
    20969Reconstruction, open, with free flap; head and neck areaCommon reconstructive technique used immediately after pharyngolaryngectomy to restore pharyngeal continuity and swallowing.
    43246Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; with removal of foreign body or tumorUsed when removal of obstructing tumor fragments or staged debridement is necessary prior to definitive resection.
    43298Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; dilation, single or multiple, over guidewirePerformed in the postoperative period for management of pharyngeal or esophageal strictures that can complicate reconstruction.
    43202Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; with biopsyPreoperative or intraoperative biopsy of suspicious lesions in the hypopharynx or cervical esophagus to confirm diagnosis.

    Related Modifiers

    11 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    51Modifier –51 (Multiple Procedures) is used when the same provider performs multiple procedures in the same session to identify secondary, non‑exempt procedures and indicate payment reduction logic…- Use modifier -51 when the same provider performs multiple distinct procedures during the same patient encounter: report the highest‑valued procedure first (no modifier) and append -51 to…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    63Modifier‑63 is appended to surgical CPT codes (20000–69990) when a procedure is performed on a neonate or infant weighing ≤ 4 kg (about 8.8 lbs). The AMA/AAPC definition specifies this use and notes…- Use modifier -63 only for surgical procedures in the CPT 20000–69990 series performed on a neonate or infant who weighs ≤ 4 kg at the time of the procedure; it indicates increased complexity due to…
    66Modifier 66 (Surgical Team) is used when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons on a single, highly complex procedure. The AMA defines it for use when a surgical team — often composed of…- Use modifier 66 when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons working collaboratively as a surgical team on a single, highly complex or difficult procedure (for example organ…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…

    Showing 1–10 of 11

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    208000000X
    208800000X
    363L00000X
    2084P0800X
    2080P0201X
    207UN0903X
    207RI0008X
    207SC0300X

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    30 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    B97.0Adenovirus as the cause of diseases classified elsewhere
    C09.0Malignant neoplasm of tonsillar fossa
    C09.1Malignant neoplasm of tonsillar pillar (anterior) (posterior)
    C09.8Malignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of tonsil
    C10.0Malignant neoplasm of vallecula
    C10.1Malignant neoplasm of anterior surface of epiglottis
    C10.9Malignant neoplasm of oropharynx, unspecified
    C13.0Malignant neoplasm of postcricoid region
    C13.1Malignant neoplasm of aryepiglottic fold, hypopharyngeal aspect
    C13.8Malignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of hypopharynx

    Showing 1–10 of 30

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Anesthesiology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Dental Anesthesia ServicesProvidence Health Plan2026-10-01
    Anesthesia Services for Interventional Pain Management Procedures in an AdultCigna2026-09-15
    General Anesthesia and Conscious Sedation ServicesUnitedHealthcare2026-09-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Elective Inpatient Services (for Idaho Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-06-01
    Sites of Servicepriority health2026-06-01
    Coverage for Ambulatory Surgery Unit (ASU)/Outpatient Facility and Anesthesia for Dental Servicesuniverahealthcare2026-05-21

    Related Codes

    CPT-31300-LARYNGECTOMY-CORDECTOMY-LARYNGEAL-TUMOR-EXCISION

    CPT 31300: Laryngeal Tumor or Laryngocele Excision with Cordectomy

    CPT-31360-LARYNGECTOMY-WITHOUT-RADICAL-NECK-DISSECTION

    CPT 31360: Laryngectomy Without Radical Neck Dissection

    CPT-31365-LARYNGECTOMY-WITH-RADICAL-NECK-DISSECTION

    CPT 31365: Laryngectomy with Radical Neck Dissection

    CPT-31367-SUBTOTAL-LARYNGECTOMY-SUPRAGLOTTIC-EXCISION

    CPT 31367: Subtotal Laryngectomy, Part of Larynx Above Vocal Cords

    CPT-31368-SUPRAGLOTTIC-LARYNGECTOMY-RADICAL-NECK-DISSECTION

    CPT 31368: Supraglottic Laryngectomy with Radical Neck Dissection

    CPT-31370-PARTIAL-LARYNGECTOMY-HORIZONTAL-APPROACH

    CPT 31370: Partial Laryngectomy, Horizontal Approach

    CPT-31375-LATEROVERTICAL-HEMILARYNGECTOMY-PARTIAL-LARYNGECTOMY

    CPT 31375: Laterovertical Hemilaryngectomy, Vocal Cord and Cartilage Resection

    CPT-31380-ANTEROVERTICAL-HEMILARYNGECTOMY-PARTIAL-LARYNGECTOMY

    CPT 31380: Anterovertical Hemilaryngectomy (Partial Laryngectomy)

    CPT-31382-ANTEROVERTICAL-HEMILARYNGECTOMY-PARTIAL-LARYNGECTOMY

    CPT 31382: Anterovertical Hemilaryngectomy (Partial Laryngectomy)

    CPT-31390-PHARYNGOLARYNGECTOMY-REMOVAL-PHARYNX-AND-LARYNX

    CPT 31390: Pharyngolaryngectomy (Removal of Pharynx and Larynx)

    Showing 1–10 of 12

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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