Loading...

    Explore
    • Policy Monitoring
    • Live Policy Feed
    • Billing Codes
    • NPI Medicare & Medicaid
    • Healthcare Providers
    • Health Insurance Payers
    • States
    • Service Lines
    • Taxonomy Codes
    Lookup tools
    • Billing Code Lookup
    • CPT Modifier Lookup
    • Provider Taxonomy Code Lookup
    • Healthcare Provider & Facility Lookup
    • Health Insurance Payer Lookup
    • Payer Contact Directory

    Policy & Benchmark Tools

    • Prior Authorization Lookup
    • Coverage Criteria Lookup
    • Timely Filing Lookup
    • Billing Code Reimbursement Rates
    • Payer Comparison Dashboard
    • Facility Comparison Dashboard
    • All tools

    Company

    • About OpenPayer
    • Data Sources
    • Trek Health
    OpenPayerby Trek Health
    LinkedInYouTube

    © 2026 Trek Health. All rights reserved.

    OpenPayer is built and maintained by Trek Health.

    v1.0.28
    OpenPayerBilling CodesFracture and/or Dislocation Procedures on the Foot and ToesCPT cpt-28510-closed-treatment-toe-phalanx-fracture-no-manipulation
    Ask Trek AI about this page

    CPT 28510: Closed Treatment of Toe Phalanx Fracture without Manipulation

    Medicare pays $135 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 28510 describes the closed treatment of a phalanx or phalanges fracture in a toe other than the great toe without manipulation of the fractured bone; this procedure is a closed fracture management service typically performed in an ambulatory surgery center, emergency department, or outpatient clinic and involves conservative stabilization rather than open reduction or active manipulation.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Hip Arthroplasty (partial and total hip replacement), Shoulder Arthroplasty (Total, Partial, Reverse, Revision and Resurfacing), Artificial Lumbar Intervertebral Disc (Lumbar Total Disc Arthroplasty).

    Customize your policy alerts

    Sign up for cpt 28510 policy alerts

    Get alerted when payer policies referencing 28510 are released or updated.

    Monitor payer policy activity

    Receive email alerts as soon as relevant payer policies are published or updated.

    Table of contents

    Progress1 / 7

    Explore openpayer tools

    • Billing CodesCPT, HCPCS, DRG & more
    • Reimbursement RatesCommercial vs. Medicare rate reports
    • ProvidersHospitals & facilities
    • PayersPlans & market footprint
    • Taxonomy CodesNUCC specialty codes
    • ModifiersCPT modifiers & usage
    • Prior AuthorizationPA policies by payer & drug
    • Timely FilingFiling deadlines by payer
    • Coverage CriteriaMedical necessity by payer
    • Payer ContactsClaims, PA & appeals contacts
    View all tools

    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A patient (commonly an adult or adolescent) presents to the urgent care clinic, emergency department, or orthopedic clinic after stubbing a toe or sustaining a direct blunt trauma to the foot. The patient reports localized pain, swelling, and difficulty bearing weight. Physical exam shows tenderness over a toe phalanx with possible mild malalignment but without gross displacement. Plain radiographs confirm a nondisplaced or minimally displaced fracture of a phalanx in a toe other than the great toe.

    The clinical workflow: the provider reviews imaging, documents the fracture location and stability, and determines that closed treatment without manipulation is appropriate. The procedure consists of immobilization (rigid or soft dressing, buddy taping, or short leg wearing shoe) and provision of analgesia and activity restrictions. Follow-up instructions and a return visit for re-evaluation and repeat radiographs are scheduled as appropriate. The encounter may occur in an outpatient clinic, urgent care center, or emergency department, and may be billed with a procedure code for closed treatment without manipulation of a toe phalanx.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    28510Closed treatment of phalanx fracture, toe other than great toe, without manipulationPrimary procedure for nondisplaced or minimally displaced toe phalanx fractures managed without manipulation.
    28810Closed treatment of metatarsal fracture; without manipulationPerformed when an associated metatarsal fracture is present and managed closed without manipulation during the same episode of care.
    11042Debridement; subcutaneous tissue (note: soft tissue debridement codes may be used if wound care is required)Used when wound care requiring debridement is necessary for an open toe injury in conjunction with fracture management.
    20690Application of a casting or strapping device (application of fracture brace)Used for application of short-leg cast or brace when immobilization beyond soft dressing is required.
    99024Postoperative follow-up visit global period (note: often payer-specific)Used for routine follow-up visits during the global period to document healing and repeat radiographs when applicable.

    Related Modifiers

    9 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    25CPT modifier 25 indicates that on the same day as another procedure or service, the same physician or other qualified health care professional provided a significant, separately identifiable…- When to apply: Use modifier 25 only on an E/M code to indicate the same provider delivered a significant, separately identifiable E/M service on the same day as another procedure or service — i.e.,…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    79Modifier 79 indicates a surgical procedure performed during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery that is unrelated to the original procedure. Per AMA/CPT and CMS guidance, it is…- Use modifier 79 when the same physician (or same‑specialty physician in the same group) performs a surgical procedure during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery and the new procedure…
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy CodeSpecialtyNotes
    313M00000XNursing Facility/Intermediate Care FacilityAn institution (or a distinct part of an institution) which- (1) is primarily engaged in providing to residents- (A) skilled nursing care and related …
    3416L0300XLand AmbulanceTransportation Services · Ambulance
    106S00000XBehavior TechnicianThe behavior technician is a paraprofessional who practices under the close, ongoing supervision of a behavior analyst or assistant behavior analyst c…
    207RH0005XHypertension Specialist PhysicianA Hypertension Specialist is a physician who concentrates on all aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension.
    163WI0600XInfection Control Registered NurseNursing Service Providers · Registered Nurse
    152WC0802XCorneal and Contact Management OptometristThe professional activities performed by an Optometrist related to the fitting of contact lenses to an eye, ongoing evaluation of the cornea's ability…
    374K00000XReligious Nonmedical PractitionerA religious nonmedical practitioner offers spiritually-based care. Services may be rendered in an office, home, or care facility or by phone, email, …
    292200000XDental LaboratoryA commercial laboratory specializing in the construction of dental appliances that conform to a dentist's specifications including the construction of…

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    2 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    M20.11Hallux valgus (acquired), right foot
    M20.12Hallux valgus (acquired), left foot

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Orthopedics/Musculoskeletal1 / 3

    7 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Hip Arthroplasty (partial and total hip replacement)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    Shoulder Arthroplasty (Total, Partial, Reverse, Revision and Resurfacing)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    Artificial Lumbar Intervertebral Disc (Lumbar Total Disc Arthroplasty)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Resurfacinguniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Lumbar Fusion (arthrodesis) with decompressionuniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Osteochondral Grafting of the Kneeuniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Sacroiliac Joint Fusion or Stabilizationuniverahealthcare2026-10-15

    Related Codes

    CPT-28400-CLOSED-TREATMENT-CALCANEAL-FRACTURE

    CPT 28400: Closed Treatment of Calcaneal Fracture

    CPT-28405-CLOSED-TREATMENT-CALCANEAL-FRACTURE

    CPT 28405: Closed Treatment of Calcaneal Fracture

    CPT-28406-CALCANEAL-FRACTURE-OPEN-FIXATION

    CPT 28406: Open Treatment of Calcaneal Fracture with Pins/Wires

    CPT-28415-CALCANEAL-FRACTURE-OPEN-REDUCTION-INTERNAL-FIXATION

    CPT 28415: Open Treatment of Calcaneal (Heel Bone) Fracture

    CPT-28420-OPEN-CALCANEAL-FRACTURE-FIXATION-WITH-BONE-GRAFT

    CPT 28420: Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Calcaneal Fracture with Bone Graft

    CPT-28430-TALUS-FRACTURE-STABILIZATION-IMMOBILIZATION

    CPT 28430: Stabilization of Nondisplaced Talus Fracture

    CPT-28435-CLOSED-TREATMENT-TALUS-FRACTURE-MANIPULATION

    CPT 28435: Closed Treatment of Talus Fracture with Manipulation

    CPT-28436-TALUS-FRACTURE-PERCUTANEOUS-FIXATION-MANIPULATION

    CPT 28436: Percutaneous Fixation of Talus Fracture

    CPT-28445-OPEN-TREATMENT-TALUS-FRACTURE

    CPT 28445: Open Treatment of Talus Fracture

    CPT-28446-OSTEOCHONDRAL-AUTOGRAFT-TALUS-OPEN

    CPT 28446: Osteochondral Autograft of Talus

    Showing 1–10 of 46

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
    Published by

    Trek Health powers OpenPayer with a leading commercial payer intelligence platform, seamlessly converting fragmented payer data into actionable insights for provider organizations.

    Trek Health ingests and normalizes Transparency in Coverage data and payer policy updates to give provider organizations a clear view of how commercial reimbursement behaves across markets, payers, and services. Our platform transforms raw payer disclosures into structured intelligence that supports contract evaluation, payer negotiations, and service line strategy. By combining market benchmarks with ongoing policy visibility, Trek helps teams identify variability, risk, and opportunity in commercial reimbursement. The result is faster insight, stronger negotiating positions, and more informed financial decisions.