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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesRepair, Revision, and/or Reconstruction Procedures on the Humerus (Upper Arm) and ElbowCPT cpt-24331-elbow-tendon-transfer-elbow-flexion-reconstruction
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    CPT 24331: Elbow Flexor and Extensor Tendon Transfer

    Medicare pays $747 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 24331 describes a surgical tendon transfer procedure to increase elbow flexion strength by relocating the flexor muscle group from the medial humeral condyle to a more proximal humeral surface and transferring the extensor tendon from the distal humerus to just below the radial neck; service type: surgical tendon transfer/reconstruction; typical site of service: inpatient or outpatient surgical setting such as an operating room in a hospital or ambulatory surgery center where upper extremity reconstructive procedures are performed.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Ambulance and Medical Transport Services (Ground, Air and Water) Corporate Medical Policy, Emergency Air/Water Ambulance Services Medical Guideline, Non-Emergent Ambulance Services.

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient is an adult with significant loss of elbow flexion and altered forearm supination/pronation following traumatic brachial plexus injury, distal biceps tendon rupture with chronic retraction, or failed primary tendon repair. The patient presents with weakness in elbow flexion and loss of functional ability to lift or bring the hand to the mouth. Preoperative evaluation includes history and physical exam documenting motor deficits, targeted imaging (radiographs, MRI or ultrasound of the elbow and distal humerus/radius), and electrodiagnostic testing when a nerve injury is suspected. Nonoperative measures such as physical therapy and bracing have been attempted or are not expected to restore function.

    In the operating room, the surgeon performs transfer of elbow flexor muscle origins from the medial epicondyle/condyle region to a more proximal humeral shaft position to increase mechanical advantage, and simultaneously repositions/extensor tendon transfers to reattach to the radial tuberosity or adjacent structures to restore forearm function. The typical site of service is an ambulatory surgical center or hospital inpatient/same-day surgery unit depending on comorbidities, anesthesia needs, and expected recovery. Postoperative care includes immobilization, pain control, and directed rehabilitation with progressive range-of-motion and strengthening protocols over weeks to months. Follow-up visits document wound healing, range of motion, strength progression, and any complications such as infection, neurovascular injury, or tendon re-rupture.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    24340Repair, primary, humeral shaft or proximal humerus tendon or muscle transfer — (example: open repair of biceps or brachialis transfer procedures)May be performed for associated tendon repairs or proximal humeral tendon work in the same operative setting.
    24075Repair, muscle or tendon, elbow area (eg, triceps, biceps) — direct repairMay be used when primary tendon repair of biceps or elbow flexors is performed instead of or in addition to a transfer.
    20680Removal of deep implant or foreign body, upper extremityMay be necessary if prior hardware is present and requires removal prior to transfer.
    29827Arthroscopy, elbow, surgical; debridement, synovectomy, or other — (arthroscopic procedures)May be performed concurrently or staged for intra-articular pathology contributing to functional loss.
    99223Initial hospital care, typically 70 minutes or moreRepresents inpatient initial evaluation for complex surgical candidates requiring admission after the procedure.

    Related Modifiers

    13 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    23Modifier -23 (Unusual Anesthesia) is used on anesthesia service CPT codes when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia…- Use modifier -23 only on anesthesia CPT codes (00100–01999) when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia because of…
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    66Modifier 66 (Surgical Team) is used when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons on a single, highly complex procedure. The AMA defines it for use when a surgical team — often composed of…- Use modifier 66 when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons working collaboratively as a surgical team on a single, highly complex or difficult procedure (for example organ…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…

    Showing 1–10 of 13

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    207L00000X
    207T00000X
    2086S0122X
    207VB0002X
    333300000X
    2472B0301X
    207VH0002X
    111NI0900X

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Emergency & Medical Transportation1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Ambulance and Medical Transport Services (Ground, Air and Water) Corporate Medical Policybcbsvermont2026-10-01
    Emergency Air/Water Ambulance Services Medical GuidelineWPS Health Insurance2026-10-01
    Non-Emergent Ambulance ServicesConnectiCare2026-09-11
    Fixed Wing Air Ambulance TransportCigna2026-08-15
    Air AmbulanceAmbetter Georgia2026-08-01
    Ambulance Services (for New Mexico Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-08-01
    Ambulance Services (for Tennessee Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-08-01
    Clinical Policy: Air AmbulanceAmbetter Nevada2026-08-01
    Air AmbulanceCentene2026-08-01
    Clinical Policy: Air AmbulanceArizona Complete Health2026-08-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-24300-ELBOW-MANIPULATION-UNDER-ANESTHESIA

    CPT 24300: Manipulation Under Anesthesia, Elbow

    CPT-24301-TENDON-MUSCLE-TRANSFER-UPPER-ARM-ELBOW

    CPT 24301: Tendon or Muscle Transfer, Upper Arm/Elbow

    CPT-24305-UPPER-ARM-ELBOW-TENDON-LENGTHENING-CONTRACTURE-RELEASE

    CPT 24305: Tendon Lengthening for Upper Arm/Elbow Contracture

    CPT-24310-OPEN-TENDON-RELEASE-ELBOW-UPPER-ARM-CONTRACTURE

    CPT 24310: Tenotomy and Release of Elbow Tendon Contracture

    CPT-24320-PECTORALIS-MAJOR-TO-BICEPS-TENDON-TRANSFER-ELBOW-FLEXION-RESTORATION

    CPT 24320: Pectoralis Major to Biceps Tendon Transfer (Tenoplasty)

    CPT-24330-ELBOW-FLEXOR-TRANSFER-RECONSTRUCTION

    CPT 24330: Elbow Flexor Muscle Transfer to Increase Flexion Strength

    CPT-24332-TRICEPS-TENDON-RELEASE-ELBOW-FLEXION

    CPT 24332: Triceps Tendon Release for Improved Elbow Flexion

    CPT-24340-DISTAL-BICEPS-TENDON-REPAIR

    CPT 24340: Repair of Distal Biceps Tendon

    CPT-24341-UPPER-ARM-ELBOW-TENDON-MUSCLE-REPAIR

    CPT 24341: Repair of Tendon or Muscle, Upper Arm/Elbow

    CPT-24342-BICEPS-TRICEPS-DISTAL-TENDON-REATTACHMENT

    CPT 24342: Distal Biceps or Triceps Tendon Reattachment

    Showing 1–10 of 33

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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