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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesAnesthesia for Procedures on the Knee and Popliteal AreaCPT cpt-01402-anesthesia-total-knee-arthroplasty
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    CPT 01402: Anesthesia for Total Knee Arthroplasty

    Commercial payers pay $82 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 01402 describes anesthesia services provided for a patient undergoing an open or arthroscopic total knee arthroplasty; service type is anesthesia for orthopedic surgery and the typical site of service is an operating room or ambulatory surgery center for a primary or revision knee replacement procedure.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Dental Anesthesia Services, Anesthesia Services for Interventional Pain Management Procedures in an Adult, General Anesthesia and Conscious Sedation Services.

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    National Reimbursement Benchmarks

    For CPT 01402, the average commercial benchmark (BUCA) sits at $82.30, providing a mid-market reference point among national commercial payers. Blue Cross Blue Shield displays the lowest central tendency with a median of $54.30 and a mean of $63.60, while Aetna and Cigna sit notably higher with medians of $119.00 and $85.80 and means of $141.80 and $94.20, respectively. UnitedHealth Group’s median of $63.50 and mean of $67.10 fall nearer to Blue Cross Blue Shield, indicating two clusters: one around the mid-$50s to mid-$60s and another around the $85–$140 band.

    Comparing dispersion using the interquartile range (P75–P25): Aetna shows the widest spread at $129.60 (P75 $193.20 minus P25 $63.60), indicating greater variability in commercially negotiated rates; Cigna’s IQR is $54.20 (P75 $121.10 minus P25 $67.90), UnitedHealth Group’s is $29.20 (P75 $80.30 minus P25 $51.10), and Blue Cross Blue Shield’s is $39.30 (P75 $78.09 minus P25 $43.80). BUCA’s quartiles (P25 $56.10, P50 $71.90, P75 $104.80) place it between the tighter UnitedHealth Group and broader Aetna distribution.

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    National Payer Mean Reimbursement Rates

    State Reimbursement Rates

    State: Alaska1 / 51

    Rate by payer

    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 68-year-old patient with progressive right knee pain, crepitus, and loss of function due to advanced osteoarthritis presents for elective total knee arthroplasty. Preoperative evaluation documents medical comorbidities (controlled hypertension and type 2 diabetes), ASA classification P3, and review of prior imaging confirming joint space loss and osteophyte formation. The orthopedic surgeon schedules an open total knee arthroplasty (27447). The anesthesia team (anesthesiologist or certified registered nurse anesthetist) provides perioperative anesthesia care billed under 01402, which denotes anesthesia for open or arthroscopic total knee arthroplasty.

    On the day of surgery the patient undergoes preoperative verification, consent, and regional nerve block placement (if indicated) in the preoperative area. In the operating room the anesthesia provider induces general endotracheal anesthesia or manages monitored anesthesia care with supplemental regional techniques per the plan. Intraoperative management includes airway control, invasive or noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring, fluid management, antibiotic timing, and multimodal analgesia coordination. Postoperative anesthesia responsibilities include emergence, immediate post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) handoff, pain control plan, and documentation of anesthetic type, duration, and any intraoperative events or complications relevant to billing modifiers.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure

    Related Modifiers

    8 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    23Modifier -23 (Unusual Anesthesia) is used on anesthesia service CPT codes when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia…- Use modifier -23 only on anesthesia CPT codes (00100–01999) when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia because of…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    99Modifier 99 is a placeholder modifier used when more modifiers apply to a single procedure than the claim form or electronic field allows. The AMA classifies it under Provider Services and Ambulatory…- Use CPT modifier -99 when more modifiers apply to a single procedure line than the claim form or payer field allows (CMS/Noridian: when more than four modifiers are needed); append modifier 99 on…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    207L00000X
    207LA0401X
    367500000X
    207YP0228X
    207LP3000X
    133VN1301X
    261QR0200X
    246ZE0600X

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    23 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    M00.061Staphylococcal arthritis, right knee
    M00.062Staphylococcal arthritis, left knee
    M12.561Traumatic arthropathy, right knee
    M12.562Traumatic arthropathy, left knee
    M17.0Bilateral primary osteoarthritis of knee
    M17.10Unilateral primary osteoarthritis, unspecified knee
    M17.11Unilateral primary osteoarthritis, right knee
    M17.12Unilateral primary osteoarthritis, left knee
    M17.2Bilateral post-traumatic osteoarthritis of knee
    M17.4Other bilateral secondary osteoarthritis of knee

    Showing 1–10 of 23

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Anesthesiology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Dental Anesthesia ServicesProvidence Health Plan2026-10-01
    Anesthesia Services for Interventional Pain Management Procedures in an AdultCigna2026-09-15
    General Anesthesia and Conscious Sedation ServicesUnitedHealthcare2026-09-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Elective Inpatient Services (for Idaho Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-06-01
    Sites of Servicepriority health2026-06-01
    Coverage for Ambulatory Surgery Unit (ASU)/Outpatient Facility and Anesthesia for Dental Servicesuniverahealthcare2026-05-21

    Related Codes

    CPT-01320-ANESTHESIA-FOR-KNEE-POPLITEAL-SOFT-TISSUE-PROCEDURES

    CPT 01320: Anesthesia for Procedures on Knee and Popliteal Area

    CPT-01340-ANESTHESIA-CLOSED-PROCEDURE-LOWER-THIRD-FEMUR

    CPT 01340: Anesthesia for Closed Procedure of Lower One-Third of Femur

    CPT-01360-ANESTHESIA-OPEN-PROCEDURE-LOWER-FEMUR

    CPT 01360: Anesthesia for Open Procedure on Lower Femur

    CPT-01380-ANESTHESIA-CLOSED-KNEE-PROCEDURE

    CPT 01380: Anesthesia for Closed Procedure of Knee Joint

    CPT-01382-ANESTHESIA-DIAGNOSTIC-ARTHROSCOPY-KNEE

    CPT 01382: Anesthesia for Diagnostic Arthroscopic Procedure of Knee

    CPT-01390-ANESTHESIA-CLOSED-PROCEDURE-TIBIA-FIBULA-PATELLA

    CPT 01390: Anesthesia for Closed Procedure of Upper Tibia/Fibula/Patella

    CPT-01392-ANESTHESIA-OPEN-PROCEDURE-UPPER-TIBIA-FIBULA-PATELLA

    CPT 01392: Anesthesia for Open Upper Tibia/Fibula/Patella Procedure

    CPT-01400-ANESTHESIA-FOR-KNEE-SURGERY-OPEN-OR-ARTHROSCOPIC

    CPT 01400: Anesthesia for Open or Arthroscopic Knee Procedure

    CPT-01404-ANESTHESIA-FOR-KNEE-JOINT-SURGERY

    CPT 01404: Anesthesia for Open or Arthroscopic Knee Procedure

    CPT-01420-ANESTHESIA-FOR-KNEE-INCLUDING-CAST-APPLICATION-REMOVAL-REPAIR

    CPT 01420: Anesthesia for Application/Removal/Repair of Knee-Including Cast

    Showing 1–10 of 15

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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    27447
    Total knee arthroplasty
    Primary orthopedic surgical procedure for which anesthesia code 01402 is reported; anesthesia services are furnished for intraoperative and immediate postoperative care during 27447.