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    OpenPayerBilling CodesDiseases and Disorders of the Hepatobiliary System and PancreasDRG 408-biliary-tract-procedures-except-only-cholecystectomy-with-or-without-c-d-e-with-mcc
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    Biliary Tract Procedures Except Only Cholecystectomy with or without C.D.E. with MCC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    DRG 408 encompasses complex biliary tract procedures other than only cholecystectomy performed with or without common duct exploration when a Major Complication or Comorbidity is present; it captures higher-acuity surgical admissions. This Diagnosis-Related Group matters for inpatient reimbursement because the Major Complication or Comorbidity designation increases payment to reflect greater resource use and clinical complexity.

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    DRG 408 Overview

    DRG 408 covers inpatient admissions for biliary tract surgical procedures other than only cholecystectomy, performed with or without common duct exploration, when a Major Complication or Comorbidity is present. Typical cases include complex biliary reconstructions, exploration of the common bile duct, and other non-routine biliary operations accompanied by severe comorbid illness or complications. This Diagnosis-Related Group matters for Medicare payment because the presence of a Major Complication or Comorbidity increases resource intensity and leads to higher reimbursement relative to similar procedures without such severity adjustments. Accurate clinical coding and documentation of the procedures and Major Complication or Comorbidity are essential to assign the correct Diagnosis-Related Group for inpatient reimbursement.

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    Clinical Trials

    • Acute intervention trials evaluating endoscopic or surgical techniques for complex biliary tract procedures: These studies focus on patients with acute biliary obstruction, cholangitis, bile duct injury, or malignant biliary strictures who require procedures beyond isolated cholecystectomy, comparing approaches such as advanced endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) techniques, percutaneous biliary drainage, or open/laparoscopic bile duct exploration. The objective is to measure immediate procedural success, complication rates (bleeding, infection, bile leak), and short-term length of stay among high-acuity inpatients. This research is relevant to providers and payers because procedural choice and complication avoidance directly affect resource utilization, intensive care needs, and DRG assignment and reimbursement for complex biliary care.
    • Comparative effectiveness and perioperative management studies examining strategies to reduce morbidity in high-risk surgical patients: These trials enroll adults undergoing biliary tract procedures with major complications or comorbidities (eg, sepsis from cholangitis, coagulopathy, advanced liver disease) and compare perioperative bundles such as antibiotic timing, fluid/vasopressor protocols, thromboprophylaxis, and enhanced recovery pathways versus standard care. Outcomes include rates of postoperative major complications (MCCs), readmissions, and total hospital costs. Findings inform clinicians and payers about which perioperative practices lower complication incidence and downstream costs for the DRG population, supporting evidence-based care pathways and potential payment incentives.
    • Post-discharge outcomes and health services research tracking long-term functional outcomes, readmission risk, and cost trajectories after complex biliary procedures: Cohort studies and pragmatic trials follow patients discharged after biliary tract operations to evaluate factors predicting 30- and 90-day readmissions, outpatient biliary interventions, quality of life, and total episode-of-care expenditures. These studies typically stratify patients by index complication severity, discharge disposition (home versus skilled nursing), and access to outpatient follow-up. Results are important to payers and hospital administrators for designing transitional care programs, reducing avoidable readmissions, optimizing bundle or capitated payments, and improving post-acute resource allocation for this high-risk DRG group.

    Related Codes

    405-PANCREAS-LIVER-AND-SHUNT-PROCEDURES-WITH-MCC

    Pancreas, Liver and Shunt Procedures with MCC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    406-PANCREAS-LIVER-AND-SHUNT-PROCEDURES-WITH-CC

    Pancreas, Liver and Shunt Procedures with CC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    407-PANCREAS-LIVER-AND-SHUNT-PROCEDURES-WITHOUT-CC-MCC

    Pancreas, Liver and Shunt Procedures without CC/MCC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    409-BILIARY-TRACT-PROCEDURES-EXCEPT-ONLY-CHOLECYSTECTOMY-WITH-OR-WITHOUT-C-D-E-WITH-CC

    Biliary Tract Procedures Except Only Cholecystectomy with or without C.D.E. with CC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    410-BILIARY-TRACT-PROCEDURES-EXCEPT-ONLY-CHOLECYSTECTOMY-WITH-OR-WITHOUT-C-D-E-WITHOUT-CC-MCC

    Biliary Tract Procedures Except Only Cholecystectomy with or without C.D.E.: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    411-CHOLECYSTECTOMY-WITH-C-D-E-WITH-MCC

    Cholecystectomy with C.D.E. with MCC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    412-CHOLECYSTECTOMY-WITH-C-D-E-WITH-CC

    Cholecystectomy with Common Duct Exploration with Complication or Comorbidity: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    413-CHOLECYSTECTOMY-WITH-C-D-E-WITHOUT-CC-MCC

    Cholecystectomy with C.D.E. without CC/MCC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    414-CHOLECYSTECTOMY-EXCEPT-BY-LAPAROSCOPE-WITHOUT-C-D-E-WITH-MCC

    Cholecystectomy Except by Laparoscope without C.D.E. with MCC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    415-CHOLECYSTECTOMY-EXCEPT-BY-LAPAROSCOPE-WITHOUT-C-D-E-WITH-CC

    Cholecystectomy Except by Laparoscope without C.D.E. with CC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

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    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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