Implantable Recorders Wearable Monitors

Coverage Summary

Policy 2026T0489JJ (Implantable Loop Recorders and Wearable Heart Rhythm Monitors) is a UnitedHealthcare Commercial and Individual Exchange coverage criteria effective May 1, 2026 and is CURRENT. The policy defines medical necessity criteria for implantable loop recorders (ILRs) for specified arrhythmia indications and for replacement of ILRs, excludes individuals under 18 years of age, and states a mixed coverage stance: ILRs are covered when criteria are met while consumer-grade cardiac self-monitoring devices (wearables) are not covered as convenience items.

Key thresholds and quick facts

Noninvasive monitoring prior to ILRAt least 2 weeks of monitoring (nondiagnostic) unless contraindicated

CHA2DS2-VASc threshold (post-CTI ablation / AF with stroke risk)>= 2

HATCH score threshold (post-CTI ablation)>= 2

Minimum prior monitoring duration (explicit)at least 2 weeks

Listed example medically necessary indications (count)7 examples listed

Medically Necessary Criteria

Medically Necessary Indications for Implantable Loop Recorder

Implantable Loop Recorders are proven and medically necessary when noninvasive cardiac event recording is contraindicated or has yielded nondiagnostic results after at least 2 weeks of monitoring in one or more of the following circumstances:

ANY of the following

Suspected paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in the setting of a cryptogenic stroke or another documented systemic thromboembolic event
Suspected or known ventricular arrhythmia
High risk for arrhythmia secondary to structural or infiltrative heart disease (examples: aortic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, cardiac sarcoidosis, congenital heart disease, family history, dilated ischemic or nonischemic cardiomyopathy, or use of medications known to cause malignant arrhythmias such as those prolonging the QT interval)

Not Medically Necessary / Convenience Items

Wearable heart rhythm monitors or Cardiac Self-Monitoring Devices commercially available to the general public and purchased for home use are not medically necessary:

ANY of the following

Self-monitoring device that includes an electrocardiographic monitor combined with a personal electronic device such as a cellular telephone or watch
Hardware or software required for downloading electrocardiographic data to a device such as a personal computer, tablet, or smartphone

Wearable consumer-grade heart rhythm monitoring devices and related software are considered convenience items with insufficient evidence of clinical efficacy and are designated not medically necessary / not covered under this policy. The policy cites lack of quality research demonstrating safety and effectiveness for identifying arrhythmias as the rationale for excluding these devices from coverage.

Codes and Billing

Implantable Loop Recorder - CPT/HCPCS/OthermixedCovered

0650T	Programming device evaluation (remote) of subcutaneous cardiac rhythm monitor system, with iterative adjustment...
33285	Insertion, subcutaneous cardiac rhythm monitor, including programming
33286	Removal, subcutaneous cardiac rhythm monitor
93285	Programming device evaluation (in person) with iterative adjustment...; subcutaneous cardiac rhythm monitor system
93291	Interrogation device evaluation (in person) with analysis, review and report...; subcutaneous cardiac rhythm monitor system, including heart rhythm derived data analysis
93297	Interrogation device evaluation(s), (remote) up to 30 days; implantable cardiovascular physiologic monitor system...
93298	Interrogation device evaluation(s), (remote) up to 30 days; subcutaneous cardiac rhythm monitor system...

Cardiac Self-Monitoring Devices - CPT / UnlistedmixedNot Covered

0902T	QTc interval derived by augmentative algorithmic analysis of input from an external, patient-activated mobile ECG device
93799	Unlisted cardiovascular service or procedure

HCPCS - Implantable Loop Recorder and DMEHCPCSCovered

E0616	Implantable cardiac event recorder with memory, activator, and programmer
E1399	Durable medical equipment, miscellaneous

Device/Regulatory Information (informational)mixed

FDA product codes DSI, MXD, DXH	Ambulatory electrocardiography devices, cardiac telemetry, implantable loop recorders (informational reference)
FDA product codes DXH, DPS, QDA	Cardiac self-monitoring devices classification reference

Provider Actions / Prior Authorization & Documentation

Prior Authorization

Prior Authorization May Be Required

Coverage determination for implantable loop recorders (ILRs) and related services may require prior authorization. Submission of medical records is necessary to demonstrate that the individual meets the policy criteria (including prior nondiagnostic external monitoring or a contraindication to such monitoring) and that the clinical indication aligns with the policy's listed indications.

Submit documentation of at least 2 weeks of nondiagnostic external ambulatory cardiac monitoring (or documentation that external monitoring is contraindicated or not feasible).
Provide clinical documentation demonstrating one of the policy-listed indications for ILR insertion (e.g., suspected paroxysmal atrial fibrillation after cryptogenic stroke, unexplained infrequent syncope, suspected/known ventricular arrhythmia, high-risk structural/infiltrative heart disease, post‑CTI ablation in select individuals, abnormal electrophysiology or tilt table testing).
Include relevant prior test reports, clinician notes, and rationale for why ILR is indicated over continued external monitoring.
Prior authorization review does not guarantee coverage; final coverage is based on member-specific benefits and completed medical record review.

Background, Evidence, and Definitions

ILRs are indicated because they provide extended continuous monitoring tailored to the frequency of symptoms and have substantially higher atrial fibrillation detection rates than conventional monitoring (meta-analysis showing ~three-fold increased AF detection with ILR). The policy notes ILRs are useful for infrequent palpitations, syncope, cryptogenic stroke evaluation, post‑ablation surveillance and other high‑risk scenarios. By contrast, consumer-grade wearable devices are described as convenience items with insufficient evidence of clinical efficacy and therefore are not covered.

Study / Source	Key finding
Janmohamadi et al. (2025)	Meta-analysis: ILR associated with higher AF detection (HR 3.13; 95% CI 1.97–4.97) vs controls; no significant reduction in embolic events or mortality
Abideen Asad et al. (2024)	Systematic review of RCTs: ILR increased AF detection and anticoagulation starts; uncertain stroke prevention benefit (RR 0.75 overall; no significant benefit in prior-stroke subgroup)
Jiang et al. (2022)	Meta-analysis in cryptogenic stroke: ILR pooled AF rate rose from 4.9% at 1 month to 38.4% at 36 months; MCOT detects more AF at 1 month
Multiple systematic reviews / meta-analyses	Consistent finding: ILRs yield substantially higher AF detection and higher diagnostic yield for unexplained syncope and post-op AF recurrence vs conventional monitoring; noninvasive MCOT may detect substantial AF within 1 month
Diagnostic yield subgroup (Apple Heart / ECG patch data)	Among smartwatch-notified participants who returned ECG patches, AF present in 153 (34%); yield 35% for ≥65 yrs and 18% for <40 yrs
Participant survey results (Apple Heart Study)	Of 1,376 responders after notification: 57% contacted provider, 28% prescribed new medication, 33% referred to specialist, 36% recommended additional testing; 44% reported new AF diagnosis on end-study survey
Guideline consensus (ACC/AHA/ESC/AHA/ASA/etc.)	Multiple guidelines support extended monitoring/ILR for cryptogenic stroke, unexplained syncope, post-ablation surveillance, HCM and other high-risk populations; recommend ≥14 days (or ILR for selected high-risk) and consider ILR when noninvasive monitoring nondiagnostic
Attanasio et al. (FLUTFIB, 2024)	Prospective ILR study after CTI ablation: 77% developed AF over median 24 months, often asymptomatic; findings support post-ablation surveillance considerations
Policy coverage rationale / thresholds	Policy: ILRs medically necessary when noninvasive recording contraindicated or nondiagnostic after ≥2 weeks and for listed indications (eg, cryptogenic stroke, ventricular arrhythmia, post-CTI ablation with CHA2DS2-VASc ≥2)

Definitions

Cardiac Self-Monitoring DevicesConsumer-grade, connected electronic devices and/or software applications used without a physician's prescription that collect physiologic information to download to personal devices

Implantable Loop RecorderDevice placed under the skin that continuously records the heart's electrical activity and can transmit data to the physician for monitoring; useful for infrequent palpitations or fainting

ILRInsertable/implantable loop recorder; implantable cardiac monitor for long-term rhythm surveillance

MCOT

Revision History

2026-05-01addedLatest

Age exclusion language added to Coverage Rationale: Policy does not apply to individuals < 18 years of age. (Material change)

2026-05-01revisedLatest

Revised coverage rationale to add specific circumstances in which Implantable Loop Recorders are proven and medically necessary when noninvasive cardiac event recording is contraindicated or nondiagnostic after at least 2 weeks of monitoring, including post-cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation for typical atrial flutter if not on long-term anticoagulation and at high thromboembolic risk (e.g., CHA2DS2-VASc ≥ 2 or HATCH ≥ 2), and atrial fibrillation detected during acute medical illness or following surgery, particularly after noncardiac procedures in individuals with stroke risk factors (e.g., CHA2DS2-VASc ≥ 2). (Material change)