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Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Shunt Procedures

Cerebrospinal fluid shunt procedures including ventricular reservoir placement, ventriculoperitoneal shunts, external ventricular drains and revisions. CPT codes 62180–62258 cover shunt insertion, revision, removal and reservoir procedures for CSF diversion and management.

Craniectomy or Craniotomy Procedures

Craniectomy and craniotomy procedures for intracranial access including exposure for tumor excision, hematoma evacuation, decompression and biopsy. CPT codes 61304–61576 enumerate open cranial approaches and associated operative variants for skull bone removal and cranial vault procedures.

Endovascular Therapy Procedures on the Skull, Meninges, and Brain

Endovascular therapy for intracranial vascular lesions including catheter-based embolization, angioplasty, and stent placement in the skull and meninges. CPT codes 61623–61651 cover diagnostic catheterization adjuncts through definitive endovascular therapeutic interventions for cerebral vessels.

Injection, Drainage, or Aspiration Procedures on the Skull, Meninges, and Brain

Injection, drainage, or aspiration procedures for intracranial and meningeal spaces including ventricular taps, abscess drainage, and intracranial injections. CPT codes 61000–61070 cover various cranial percutaneous and open drainage or aspiration techniques with site‑specific descriptors.

Neuroendoscopy Procedures on the Skull, Meninges, and Brain

Neuroendoscopy procedures for intracranial visualization and minimally invasive intraventricular operations. CPT codes 62160–62165 detail endoscopic intracranial techniques such as ventricular endoscopy, tumor biopsy via endoscope, and related endoscopic interventions.

Neurostimulators (Intracranial) Procedures on the Skull, Meninges, and Brain

Intracranial neurostimulator procedures such as deep brain stimulation electrode placement, lead revision and pulse generator implantation. CPT codes 61850–61892 cover stereotactic implantation, programming access, and related intracranial neuromodulation services.

Repair Procedures on the Skull, Meninges, and Brain

Repair procedures on the skull, meninges, and brain including dural repair, cranial bone reconstruction, and closure of cerebrospinal fluid leaks. CPT codes 62000–62148 cover a range of intracranial and cranial vault repair and reconstructive techniques with site‑specific details.

Skull Base Surgical Procedures

Skull base surgical procedures addressing tumors and lesions at the anterior, middle and posterior cranial base with specialized approaches. CPT codes 61580–61619 encompass skull base approaches, definitive reconstructive procedures, and skull base repair codes.

Stereotactic Radiosurgery (Cranial) Procedures on the Skull, Meninges, and Brain

Stereotactic radiosurgery for cranial targets delivering focused radiation to intracranial lesions in a single or limited number of sessions. CPT codes 61796–61800 designate cranial stereotactic radiosurgery procedures and planning/coordination services for radiosurgical treatment.

Stereotaxis Procedures on the Skull, Meninges, and Brain

Stereotaxis procedures on the skull, meninges, and brain including frame-based and frameless stereotactic localization for biopsy, lesion targeting, and implantation. CPT codes 61715–61791 comprise stereotactic guidance, biopsy, and related intracranial stereotactic interventions.

Surgery for Aneurysm, Arteriovenous Malformation or Vascular Disease Procedures on the Skull, Meninges, and Brain

Surgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations and other cerebrovascular diseases including clipping, excision and direct repair. CPT codes 61680–61711 cover aneurysm clipping, AVM resection, vessel repair and associated open cerebrovascular operative techniques.

Twist Drill, Burr Hole(s), or Trephine Procedures on the Skull, Meninges, and Brain

Twist drill, burr hole, or trephine cranial procedures including ventricular access, intracranial monitoring bolt placement, and small‑bore cranial openings. CPT codes 61105–61253 cover percutaneous skull perforation techniques, monitoring device placement and related limited cranial access services.