HCPCS Level II L1945: Ankle-Foot Orthosis, Rigid Plastic, Floor Reaction

HCPCS Level II code L1945 describes a custom-fabricated rigid plastic ankle-foot orthosis with an anterior tibial (floor reaction) section, used to support the ankle and foot and assist with gait; service type: custom orthotic fabrication and fitting; typical site of service: outpatient orthotics/prosthetics clinic or outpatient rehabilitation facility.

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HCPCS Level II L1945: Ankle-Foot Orthosis, Rigid Plastic, Floor Reaction

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Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

A 72-year-old patient with a history of stroke and persistent left foot drop presents to an orthotics clinic for functional mobility improvement. The patient ambulates with an antalgic gait and has decreased ankle dorsiflexion strength (0/5 on manual muscle testing) and mild knee hyperextension during stance. After a comprehensive gait and musculoskeletal assessment, the orthotist determines that a custom fabricated rigid anterior tibial section ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) with floor-reaction properties is indicated to restore forefoot clearance, assist with controlled tibial progression, and reduce crouch or excessive knee flexion/hyperextension.

The clinical workflow includes an initial evaluation by a physical medicine and rehabilitation physician or orthotist, measurements and casting or 3D scanning for a custom device, fabrication in a prosthetics/orthotics laboratory, a fitting visit with adjustments, and scheduled follow-up visits for pressure checks and functional outcomes assessment. Documentation includes the diagnosis supporting medical necessity, detailed measurements, justification for custom fabrication versus off-the-shelf alternatives, modifier usage for laterality and unusual circumstances, and encounter notes for delivery and patient education.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`97763`	Orthotic(s) management and training, upper and/or lower extremity, initial encounter, and follow-up; limited to moderate complexity	Used for patient training and follow-up when a custom AFO is provided and the clinician bills for orthotic management services
`97760`	Orthotic(s) management and training, upper extremity, lower extremity, and/or trunk, initial encounter	Used for initial training and education at delivery of a custom AFO when billing separate orthotic training services
`99455`	Work-related or medical disability examination performed by other than the treating physician; work capacity evaluation	May be used when documentation of functional capacity or disability is required as part of orthosis justification
`99070`	Supplies and materials (except spectacles) provided by the physician over and above those usually included with the office visit	Used for billing additional non-standard supplies or components provided at fitting
`L4361`	Data not available in the input.	Data not available in the input.

Related Modifiers

5 rows

Modifier	Description	When to Use
22	Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…	- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
52	Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…	- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
53	Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…	- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
78	CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…	- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
59	Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…	- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…

Related Provider Taxonomies

8 rows

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
225100000X	Physical Therapist	Physical therapists (PTs) are licensed health care professionals who diagnose and treat individuals of all ages, from newborns to the very oldest, who…
207L00000X	Anesthesiology Physician	An anesthesiologist is trained to provide pain relief and maintenance, or restoration, of a stable condition during and immediately following an opera…
152W00000X	Optometrist	Doctors of optometry (ODs) are the primary health care professionals for the eye. Optometrists examine, diagnose, treat, and manage diseases, injurie…
174MM1900X	Medical Research Veterinarian	Other Service Providers · Veterinarian
246QH0600X	Histology Specialist/Technologist	Technologists, Technicians & Other Technical Service Providers · Specialist/Technologist, Pathology
163WP0807X	Child & Adolescent Psychiatric/Mental Health Registered Nurse	Nursing Service Providers · Registered Nurse
1835S0206X	Solid Organ Transplant Pharmacist	A licensed pharmacist who has demonstrated specialized knowledge and skill delivering direct patient care and the safe and effective use of medication…
364SI0800X	Informatics Clinical Nurse Specialist	Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers · Clinical Nurse Specialist

HCPCS L0112: Cranial Cervical Orthosis, Congenital Torticollis Type

HCPCS-L0113-CRANIAL-CERVICAL-ORTHOSIS-TORTICOLLIS

HCPCS Level II L0113: Prefabricated Cranial Cervical Orthosis for Torticollis

HCPCS-L0130-CERVICAL-FLEXIBLE-THERMOPLASTIC-COLLAR-MOLDED-TO-PATIENT

HCPCS Level II L0130: Cervical Flexible Thermoplastic Collar, Molded to Patient

HCPCS-L0140-CERVICAL-SEMI-RIGID-ADJUSTABLE-PLASTIC-COLLAR

HCPCS Level II L0140: Cervical Semi-Rigid Adjustable Plastic Collar

HCPCS-L0150-CERVICAL-SEMI-RIGID-ADJUSTABLE-CHIN-CUP

HCPCS Level II L0150: Cervical Semi-Rigid Adjustable Chin Cup

HCPCS-L0160-CERVICAL-SEMI-RIGID-OCCIPITAL-MANDIBULAR-SUPPORT

HCPCS Level II L0160: Cervical Semi-Rigid Occipital/Mandibular Support

HCPCS-L0170-CERVICAL-COLLAR-MOLDED-TO-PATIENT-MODEL

HCPCS Level II L0170: Cervical Collar, Custom-Molded

HCPCS-L0172-CERVICAL-COLLAR-SEMI-RIGID-THERMOPLASTIC-FOAM

HCPCS L0172: Cervical Collar, Semi-Rigid Prefabricated

HCPCS-L0174-CERVICAL-COLLAR-SEMI-RIGID-THORACIC-EXTENSION

HCPCS L0174: Cervical Collar, Semi-Rigid Thermoplastic with Thoracic Extension

HCPCS-L0180-CERVICAL-MULTIPLE-POST-COLLAR-OCCIPITAL-MANDIBULAR-ADJUSTABLE

HCPCS Level II L0180: Cervical Orthosis with Occipital/Mandibular Supports

Showing 1–10 of 466

Frequently Asked Questions

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.

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Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`97763`	Orthotic(s) management and training, upper and/or lower extremity, initial encounter, and follow-up; limited to moderate complexity	Used for patient training and follow-up when a custom AFO is provided and the clinician bills for orthotic management services
`97760`	Orthotic(s) management and training, upper extremity, lower extremity, and/or trunk, initial encounter	Used for initial training and education at delivery of a custom AFO when billing separate orthotic training services
`99455`	Work-related or medical disability examination performed by other than the treating physician; work capacity evaluation	May be used when documentation of functional capacity or disability is required as part of orthosis justification
`99070`	Supplies and materials (except spectacles) provided by the physician over and above those usually included with the office visit	Used for billing additional non-standard supplies or components provided at fitting
`L4361`	Data not available in the input.	Data not available in the input.

Related Modifiers

5 rows

Modifier	Description	When to Use
22	Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…	- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
52	Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…	- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
53	Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…	- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
78	CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…	- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
59	Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…	- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…

Related Provider Taxonomies

8 rows

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
225100000X	Physical Therapist	Physical therapists (PTs) are licensed health care professionals who diagnose and treat individuals of all ages, from newborns to the very oldest, who…
207L00000X	Anesthesiology Physician	An anesthesiologist is trained to provide pain relief and maintenance, or restoration, of a stable condition during and immediately following an opera…
152W00000X	Optometrist	Doctors of optometry (ODs) are the primary health care professionals for the eye. Optometrists examine, diagnose, treat, and manage diseases, injurie…
174MM1900X	Medical Research Veterinarian	Other Service Providers · Veterinarian
246QH0600X	Histology Specialist/Technologist	Technologists, Technicians & Other Technical Service Providers · Specialist/Technologist, Pathology
163WP0807X	Child & Adolescent Psychiatric/Mental Health Registered Nurse	Nursing Service Providers · Registered Nurse
1835S0206X	Solid Organ Transplant Pharmacist	A licensed pharmacist who has demonstrated specialized knowledge and skill delivering direct patient care and the safe and effective use of medication…
364SI0800X	Informatics Clinical Nurse Specialist	Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers · Clinical Nurse Specialist

HCPCS L0112: Cranial Cervical Orthosis, Congenital Torticollis Type

HCPCS-L0113-CRANIAL-CERVICAL-ORTHOSIS-TORTICOLLIS

HCPCS Level II L0113: Prefabricated Cranial Cervical Orthosis for Torticollis

HCPCS-L0130-CERVICAL-FLEXIBLE-THERMOPLASTIC-COLLAR-MOLDED-TO-PATIENT

HCPCS Level II L0130: Cervical Flexible Thermoplastic Collar, Molded to Patient

HCPCS-L0140-CERVICAL-SEMI-RIGID-ADJUSTABLE-PLASTIC-COLLAR

HCPCS Level II L0140: Cervical Semi-Rigid Adjustable Plastic Collar

HCPCS-L0150-CERVICAL-SEMI-RIGID-ADJUSTABLE-CHIN-CUP

HCPCS Level II L0150: Cervical Semi-Rigid Adjustable Chin Cup

HCPCS-L0160-CERVICAL-SEMI-RIGID-OCCIPITAL-MANDIBULAR-SUPPORT

HCPCS Level II L0160: Cervical Semi-Rigid Occipital/Mandibular Support

HCPCS-L0170-CERVICAL-COLLAR-MOLDED-TO-PATIENT-MODEL

HCPCS Level II L0170: Cervical Collar, Custom-Molded

HCPCS-L0172-CERVICAL-COLLAR-SEMI-RIGID-THERMOPLASTIC-FOAM

HCPCS L0172: Cervical Collar, Semi-Rigid Prefabricated

HCPCS-L0174-CERVICAL-COLLAR-SEMI-RIGID-THORACIC-EXTENSION

HCPCS L0174: Cervical Collar, Semi-Rigid Thermoplastic with Thoracic Extension

HCPCS-L0180-CERVICAL-MULTIPLE-POST-COLLAR-OCCIPITAL-MANDIBULAR-ADJUSTABLE

HCPCS Level II L0180: Cervical Orthosis with Occipital/Mandibular Supports

Showing 1–10 of 466

Frequently Asked Questions

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.

Published by

Trek Health powers OpenPayer with a leading commercial payer intelligence platform, seamlessly converting fragmented payer data into actionable insights for provider organizations.

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HCPCS Level II L1945: Ankle-Foot Orthosis, Rigid Plastic, Floor Reaction

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HCPCS Level II L1945: Ankle-Foot Orthosis, Rigid Plastic, Floor Reaction

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Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Related CPT Codes

Related Modifiers

Related Provider Taxonomies

Related Codes

References

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Related CPT Codes

Related Modifiers

Related Provider Taxonomies

Related Codes

References

HCPCS Level II L1945: Ankle-Foot Orthosis, Rigid Plastic, Floor Reaction

Sign up for hcpcs L1945 policy alerts

HCPCS Level II L1945: Ankle-Foot Orthosis, Rigid Plastic, Floor Reaction

Sign up for hcpcs L1945 policy alerts

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Related CPT Codes

Related Modifiers

Related Provider Taxonomies

Related Codes

What does HCPCS code L1945 describe and where is it typically provided?

What documentation is indicated by the page for billing L1945?

What clinical scenarios or diagnoses are relevant when considering L1945?

Which other procedure or supply codes are commonly associated with a custom AFO billed as L1945?

What is the typical clinical workflow for providing a custom AFO billed under L1945 and what modifier considerations are noted?

References

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Related CPT Codes

Related Modifiers

Related Provider Taxonomies

Related Codes

What does HCPCS code L1945 describe and where is it typically provided?

What documentation is indicated by the page for billing L1945?

What clinical scenarios or diagnoses are relevant when considering L1945?

Which other procedure or supply codes are commonly associated with a custom AFO billed as L1945?

What is the typical clinical workflow for providing a custom AFO billed under L1945 and what modifier considerations are noted?

References