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HCPCS E1905: Virtual Reality Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Device

HCPCS Level II code E1905 identifies a virtual reality cognitive behavioral therapy device and its pre-programmed therapy software. As virtual and device-delivered behavioral health interventions expand, this code captures a specific technology-enabled therapeutic modality that can affect coverage, billing workflows, and device procurement decisions nationally. The code matters as payers and clinicians integrate digital therapeutics into behavioral health care and seek consistent billing pathways for device-based CBT.

Key payers included in the analysis are Aetna, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cigna Health, UnitedHealthcare, and Medicare. Readers will find a concise overview of reimbursement benchmarks, payer coverage considerations, and the clinical context for device-delivered CBT. The publication outlines how E1905 is used to represent the device and software package, typical sites of service where the device is deployed, and common billing modifiers associated with device and procedural services when available. Where input data is missing, the text notes that information is not available in the input.

This summary provides clinicians, billing professionals, and policy analysts with a national perspective on the role of HCPCS Level II code E1905 in documenting virtual reality CBT devices, helping stakeholders locate relevant benchmark and policy topics related to digital behavioral therapeutics.

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Billing Code Overview

HCPCS Level II code E1905 describes a virtual reality cognitive behavioral therapy device (CBT), including pre-programmed therapy software. This code represents a technology-based therapeutic device intended to deliver cognitive behavioral therapy via virtual reality platforms.

Service type: Device-based cognitive behavioral therapy delivered through a virtual reality platform and bundled software
Typical site of service: Outpatient clinics, behavioral health centers, telehealth-capable settings, and other ambulatory care environments where device-based therapeutic interventions are provided

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HCPCS E1905: Virtual Reality Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Device

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Billing Code Overview

Service type: Device-based cognitive behavioral therapy delivered through a virtual reality platform and bundled software
Typical site of service: Outpatient clinics, behavioral health centers, telehealth-capable settings, and other ambulatory care environments where device-based therapeutic interventions are provided

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

A 34-year-old outpatient with generalized anxiety disorder and comorbid insomnia is referred to a behavioral health clinic for augmentation of psychotherapy. The clinic provides a prescription for a virtual reality cognitive behavioral therapy device billed under E1905 that includes pre-programmed CBT modules addressing exposure, relaxation training, and cognitive restructuring. The patient completes an initial in-person intake with a licensed psychologist who documents baseline symptom scores (GAD-7, PHQ-9, Insomnia Severity Index), assesses suitability for VR therapy (seizure history, vestibular disorders, severe motion sickness), and obtains informed consent for device use.

The typical workflow: the device is dispensed or set up in clinic and configured for the patient’s treatment plan. The patient completes supervised VR sessions on-site for the first one to three exposures to monitor for adverse effects and to instruct on safe use. Subsequent sessions may occur in clinic, at home with remote monitoring, or as part of a hybrid model. Clinicians document session duration, therapy module used, patient response, and any device-related issues. Follow-up visits reassess symptoms and determine ongoing need for device-based CBT. Billing for the device is submitted using E1905 with applicable modifiers to indicate unusual circumstances (for example, significant additional work or patient transfer of care). Payors involved may include Aetna, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cigna Health, UnitedHealthcare, BUCA, and Medicare depending on patient coverage.

Coding Specifications

Modifier	Description	When to Use
`22`	Increased procedural services	Use when substantially greater work than typical for device setup or extensive clinician time is required for individualized programming or training beyond standard setup.
`52`	Reduced services	Use when device-related services are partially furnished or a shortened course of therapy is provided.
`53`	Discontinued procedure	Use when VR session is started but discontinued due to patient intolerance or adverse event.
`78`	Unplanned return to the operating/procedure room by the same physician following initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period	Use rarely; applicable if an unplanned in-clinic device intervention or corrective procedure is needed shortly after initial device setup.
`80`	Assistant surgeon	Use when an assistant is required during an in-clinic device procedure that meets assistant criteria under payer policy.
`82`	Assistant surgeon (when a qualified resident surgeon is not available)	Use per payer policy if an assistant is needed and resident coverage is absent.
`AS`	Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for Medicare Part B	Use when a qualified non-physician clinician provides the billable portion of device training or monitoring under Medicare rules.
`QX`	Demonstration of clinical social work services furnished in part by a CRNA when co-signed by a physician or as defined by payer policy	Use when auxiliary credentialing or co-signature rules apply to therapy documentation per payer requirements.
`QY`	Attending physician supervision by a nurse practitioner/physician assistant	Use when supervision rules require this modifier for services furnished under delegated supervision.
`UE`	Left-sided procedure	Rarely applicable; use only if laterality modifiers are required by payer for site-specific documentation of device placement or use.

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
`103T00000X`	Clinical Psychologist	Primary clinicians prescribing and supervising VR CBT; performs intake, assessment, and psychotherapy.
`101YP2500X`	Psychiatrist	Manages psychiatric diagnosis, medication management, and integrates VR CBT into pharmacologic treatment plans.
`363L00000X`	Behavioral Health Counselor	Provides CBT delivery, patient coaching, and device session supervision in clinic.
`2084P0800X`	Physician Assistant	Supports device setup, patient instruction, and follow-up documentation under supervising physician.
`3336A0002X`	Medical Device Technician	Performs device configuration, maintenance, and technical troubleshooting for clinical deployments.

Related Diagnoses

ICD-10 Code	Description	Clinical Relevance
`F41.1`	Generalized anxiety disorder	A common indication for cognitive behavioral therapy delivered by VR for anxiety management, relaxation training, and cognitive restructuring.
`F40.00`	Agoraphobia, unspecified	VR exposure modules simulate situations to practice coping skills and graded exposure for agoraphobia.
`F40.9`	Phobic anxiety disorder, unspecified	VR-based exposure therapy targets specific phobias using controlled virtual environments.
`F32.9`	Major depressive disorder, single episode, unspecified	CBT modules in VR can address cognitive patterns contributing to depression as an adjunct to psychotherapy.
`G47.00`	Insomnia, unspecified	VR relaxation and sleep-focused CBT techniques may be used adjunctively for insomnia symptoms.
`F41.9`	Anxiety disorder, unspecified	Broad use of device-based CBT for various anxiety presentations when diagnosis is nonspecific.
`F43.10`	Post-traumatic stress disorder, unspecified	VR exposure therapy is frequently used in PTSD treatment to provide graded trauma-related exposure under clinician supervision.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`90834`	Psychotherapy, 45 minutes with patient	Commonly performed alongside VR CBT sessions when a clinician provides individual psychotherapy integrated with device-based exposure or cognitive work.
`90837`	Psychotherapy, 60 minutes with patient	Used for longer psychotherapy sessions that include device-assisted therapy plus extended clinical processing.
`96127`	Brief emotional/behavioral assessment (e.g., depression inventory)	Used before, during, or after VR CBT to quantify symptom changes with a brief standardized measure.
`99457`	Remote physiologic monitoring treatment management services, 20 minutes or more of clinical staff/physician/other qualified healthcare professional time in a month	Applicable when remote monitoring of device usage and patient-reported outcomes is billed under payer rules for remote therapeutic monitoring/management.
`99070`	Supplies and materials (except spectacles), provided by physician over and above those usually included with the office visit	Used to bill for non-routine supplies or consumables associated with device use if payer allows separate billing.

HCPCS E0100: Cane, Adjustable or Fixed, With Tip

HCPCS-E0105-CANE-QUAD-THREE-PRONG-MOBILITY-AID

HCPCS E0105: Cane, Quad or Three Prong, Adjustable or Fixed

HCPCS-E0110-FOREARM-CRUTCHES-PAIR-DME-MOBILITY

HCPCS E0110: Forearm Crutches, Pair, Complete with Tips and Handgrips

HCPCS-E0111-CRUTCH-FOREARM-DURABLE-MEDICAL-EQUIPMENT

HCPCS E0111: Crutch Forearm, Includes Tip and Handgrips

HCPCS-E0112-UNDERARM-WOOD-CRUTCHES-PAIR

HCPCS E0112: Underarm Wooden Crutches, Pair, with Pads and Handgrips

HCPCS-E0113-CRUTCH-UNDERARM-WOOD-ADJUSTABLE-FIXED-WITH-PAD-TIP-HANDGRIP

HCPCS Level II E0113: Crutch Underarm, Wood, with Pad, Tip and Handgrip

HCPCS-E0114-UNDERARM-CRUTCHES-PAIR-ADJUSTABLE-FIXED

HCPCS E0114: Underarm Crutches, Non-Wood, Pair, Adjustable or Fixed

HCPCS-E0116-UNDERARM-CRUTCH-NON-WOOD-ADJUSTABLE-FIXED

HCPCS E0116: Underarm Crutch, Non‑Wood, Adjustable or Fixed

HCPCS-E0117-ARTICULATING-SPRING-ASSISTED-UNDERARM-CRUTCH

HCPCS E0117: Articulating, Spring-Assisted Underarm Crutch

HCPCS-E0118-LOWER-LEG-PLATFORM-CRUTCH-SUBSTITUTE

HCPCS E0118: Lower Leg Platform Crutch Substitute

Showing 1–10 of 670

Frequently Asked Questions

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.

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Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Modifier	Description	When to Use
`22`	Increased procedural services	Use when substantially greater work than typical for device setup or extensive clinician time is required for individualized programming or training beyond standard setup.
`52`	Reduced services	Use when device-related services are partially furnished or a shortened course of therapy is provided.
`53`	Discontinued procedure	Use when VR session is started but discontinued due to patient intolerance or adverse event.
`78`	Unplanned return to the operating/procedure room by the same physician following initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period	Use rarely; applicable if an unplanned in-clinic device intervention or corrective procedure is needed shortly after initial device setup.
`80`	Assistant surgeon	Use when an assistant is required during an in-clinic device procedure that meets assistant criteria under payer policy.
`82`	Assistant surgeon (when a qualified resident surgeon is not available)	Use per payer policy if an assistant is needed and resident coverage is absent.
`AS`	Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for Medicare Part B	Use when a qualified non-physician clinician provides the billable portion of device training or monitoring under Medicare rules.
`QX`	Demonstration of clinical social work services furnished in part by a CRNA when co-signed by a physician or as defined by payer policy	Use when auxiliary credentialing or co-signature rules apply to therapy documentation per payer requirements.
`QY`	Attending physician supervision by a nurse practitioner/physician assistant	Use when supervision rules require this modifier for services furnished under delegated supervision.
`UE`	Left-sided procedure	Rarely applicable; use only if laterality modifiers are required by payer for site-specific documentation of device placement or use.

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
`103T00000X`	Clinical Psychologist	Primary clinicians prescribing and supervising VR CBT; performs intake, assessment, and psychotherapy.
`101YP2500X`	Psychiatrist	Manages psychiatric diagnosis, medication management, and integrates VR CBT into pharmacologic treatment plans.
`363L00000X`	Behavioral Health Counselor	Provides CBT delivery, patient coaching, and device session supervision in clinic.
`2084P0800X`	Physician Assistant	Supports device setup, patient instruction, and follow-up documentation under supervising physician.
`3336A0002X`	Medical Device Technician	Performs device configuration, maintenance, and technical troubleshooting for clinical deployments.

Related Diagnoses

ICD-10 Code	Description	Clinical Relevance
`F41.1`	Generalized anxiety disorder	A common indication for cognitive behavioral therapy delivered by VR for anxiety management, relaxation training, and cognitive restructuring.
`F40.00`	Agoraphobia, unspecified	VR exposure modules simulate situations to practice coping skills and graded exposure for agoraphobia.
`F40.9`	Phobic anxiety disorder, unspecified	VR-based exposure therapy targets specific phobias using controlled virtual environments.
`F32.9`	Major depressive disorder, single episode, unspecified	CBT modules in VR can address cognitive patterns contributing to depression as an adjunct to psychotherapy.
`G47.00`	Insomnia, unspecified	VR relaxation and sleep-focused CBT techniques may be used adjunctively for insomnia symptoms.
`F41.9`	Anxiety disorder, unspecified	Broad use of device-based CBT for various anxiety presentations when diagnosis is nonspecific.
`F43.10`	Post-traumatic stress disorder, unspecified	VR exposure therapy is frequently used in PTSD treatment to provide graded trauma-related exposure under clinician supervision.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`90834`	Psychotherapy, 45 minutes with patient	Commonly performed alongside VR CBT sessions when a clinician provides individual psychotherapy integrated with device-based exposure or cognitive work.
`90837`	Psychotherapy, 60 minutes with patient	Used for longer psychotherapy sessions that include device-assisted therapy plus extended clinical processing.
`96127`	Brief emotional/behavioral assessment (e.g., depression inventory)	Used before, during, or after VR CBT to quantify symptom changes with a brief standardized measure.
`99457`	Remote physiologic monitoring treatment management services, 20 minutes or more of clinical staff/physician/other qualified healthcare professional time in a month	Applicable when remote monitoring of device usage and patient-reported outcomes is billed under payer rules for remote therapeutic monitoring/management.
`99070`	Supplies and materials (except spectacles), provided by physician over and above those usually included with the office visit	Used to bill for non-routine supplies or consumables associated with device use if payer allows separate billing.

HCPCS E0100: Cane, Adjustable or Fixed, With Tip

HCPCS-E0105-CANE-QUAD-THREE-PRONG-MOBILITY-AID

HCPCS E0105: Cane, Quad or Three Prong, Adjustable or Fixed

HCPCS-E0110-FOREARM-CRUTCHES-PAIR-DME-MOBILITY

HCPCS E0110: Forearm Crutches, Pair, Complete with Tips and Handgrips

HCPCS-E0111-CRUTCH-FOREARM-DURABLE-MEDICAL-EQUIPMENT

HCPCS E0111: Crutch Forearm, Includes Tip and Handgrips

HCPCS-E0112-UNDERARM-WOOD-CRUTCHES-PAIR

HCPCS E0112: Underarm Wooden Crutches, Pair, with Pads and Handgrips

HCPCS-E0113-CRUTCH-UNDERARM-WOOD-ADJUSTABLE-FIXED-WITH-PAD-TIP-HANDGRIP

HCPCS Level II E0113: Crutch Underarm, Wood, with Pad, Tip and Handgrip

HCPCS-E0114-UNDERARM-CRUTCHES-PAIR-ADJUSTABLE-FIXED

HCPCS E0114: Underarm Crutches, Non-Wood, Pair, Adjustable or Fixed

HCPCS-E0116-UNDERARM-CRUTCH-NON-WOOD-ADJUSTABLE-FIXED

HCPCS E0116: Underarm Crutch, Non‑Wood, Adjustable or Fixed

HCPCS-E0117-ARTICULATING-SPRING-ASSISTED-UNDERARM-CRUTCH

HCPCS E0117: Articulating, Spring-Assisted Underarm Crutch

HCPCS-E0118-LOWER-LEG-PLATFORM-CRUTCH-SUBSTITUTE

HCPCS E0118: Lower Leg Platform Crutch Substitute

Showing 1–10 of 670

Frequently Asked Questions

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.

Published by

Trek Health powers OpenPayer with a leading commercial payer intelligence platform, seamlessly converting fragmented payer data into actionable insights for provider organizations.

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HCPCS E1905: Virtual Reality Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Device

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Billing Code Overview

OpenPayer

HCPCS E1905: Virtual Reality Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Device

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Billing Code Overview

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

References

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

References

HCPCS E1905: Virtual Reality Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Device

Sign up for hcpcs E1905 policy alerts

Billing Code Overview

HCPCS E1905: Virtual Reality Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Device

Sign up for hcpcs E1905 policy alerts

Billing Code Overview

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

What does HCPCS code E1905 cover?

Which modifiers should be considered when billing E1905?

What other CPT/HCPCS codes are commonly billed with E1905?

What is the typical clinical workflow and documentation when using the VR CBT device?

Which payers cover E1905 and does the page include reimbursement rates or detailed coverage policies?

References

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

What does HCPCS code E1905 cover?

Which modifiers should be considered when billing E1905?

What other CPT/HCPCS codes are commonly billed with E1905?

What is the typical clinical workflow and documentation when using the VR CBT device?

Which payers cover E1905 and does the page include reimbursement rates or detailed coverage policies?

References