HCPCS Level II E1905: Virtual Reality Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Device

HCPCS Level II code E1905 describes a virtual reality cognitive behavioral therapy device (CBT), encompassing the device hardware and pre-programmed therapy software used to deliver virtual reality CBT sessions as a therapeutic service; the service type is digital therapeutic device-based psychotherapy and the typical site of service is outpatient clinic, behavioral health facility, or telehealth-enabled remote/home settings where the device is deployed.

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HCPCS Level II E1905: Virtual Reality Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Device

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Get alerted when payer policies referencing E1905 are released or updated.

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Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

A 34-year-old outpatient with generalized anxiety disorder and comorbid insomnia is referred to a behavioral health clinic for augmentation of psychotherapy. The clinic provides a prescription for a virtual reality cognitive behavioral therapy device billed under E1905 that includes pre-programmed CBT modules addressing exposure, relaxation training, and cognitive restructuring. The patient completes an initial in-person intake with a licensed psychologist who documents baseline symptom scores (GAD-7, PHQ-9, Insomnia Severity Index), assesses suitability for VR therapy (seizure history, vestibular disorders, severe motion sickness), and obtains informed consent for device use.

The typical workflow: the device is dispensed or set up in clinic and configured for the patient’s treatment plan. The patient completes supervised VR sessions on-site for the first one to three exposures to monitor for adverse effects and to instruct on safe use. Subsequent sessions may occur in clinic, at home with remote monitoring, or as part of a hybrid model. Clinicians document session duration, therapy module used, patient response, and any device-related issues. Follow-up visits reassess symptoms and determine ongoing need for device-based CBT. Billing for the device is submitted using E1905 with applicable modifiers to indicate unusual circumstances (for example, significant additional work or patient transfer of care). Payors involved may include Aetna, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cigna Health, UnitedHealthcare, BUCA, and Medicare depending on patient coverage.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`90834`	Psychotherapy, 45 minutes with patient	Commonly performed alongside VR CBT sessions when a clinician provides individual psychotherapy integrated with device-based exposure or cognitive work.
`90837`	Psychotherapy, 60 minutes with patient	Used for longer psychotherapy sessions that include device-assisted therapy plus extended clinical processing.
`96127`	Brief emotional/behavioral assessment (e.g., depression inventory)	Used before, during, or after VR CBT to quantify symptom changes with a brief standardized measure.
`99457`	Remote physiologic monitoring treatment management services, 20 minutes or more of clinical staff/physician/other qualified healthcare professional time in a month	Applicable when remote monitoring of device usage and patient-reported outcomes is billed under payer rules for remote therapeutic monitoring/management.
`99070`	Supplies and materials (except spectacles), provided by physician over and above those usually included with the office visit	Used to bill for non-routine supplies or consumables associated with device use if payer allows separate billing.

Related Modifiers

6 rows

Modifier	Description	When to Use
22	Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…	- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
52	Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…	- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
53	Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…	- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
78	CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…	- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
80	CPT® Modifier 80 (Assistant Surgeon) is appended to a surgical CPT code when a physician (MD or DO) provides full, continuous assistance throughout the operative procedure. It is intended only for…	- Use CPT Modifier -80 when a physician (MD or DO) serves as an assistant surgeon and provides full, continuous assistance throughout the entire operative procedure; append -80 to the surgical CPT…
82	Modifier 82 is appended to a surgical CPT code to indicate that an attending physician acted as an assistant because a qualified resident surgeon was unavailable. In teaching hospitals it documents…	- When to use: Append modifier 82 in teaching-hospital settings to indicate a physician served as an assistant surgeon because a qualified resident surgeon was unavailable (includes situations where…

Related Provider Taxonomies

8 rows

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
103T00000X	Psychologist	A psychologist is an individual who is licensed to practice psychology which is defined as the observation, description, evaluation, interpretation, a…
101YP2500X	Professional Counselor	Behavioral Health & Social Service Providers · Counselor
363L00000X	Nurse Practitioner	(1) A registered nurse provider with a graduate degree in nursing prepared for advanced practice involving independent and interdependent decision mak…
2084P0800X	Psychiatry Physician	A Psychiatrist specializes in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of mental disorders, emotional disorders, psychotic disorders, mood disorders, …
2251X0800X	Orthopedic Physical Therapist	A licensed physical therapist, including but not limited to an individual who is a Board Certified Specialist in Orthopaedic Physical Therapy, who has…
364SM0705X	Medical-Surgical Clinical Nurse Specialist	Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers · Clinical Nurse Specialist
322D00000X	Emotionally Disturbed Childrens' Residential Treatment Facility	A residential facility that provides habilitation services and other care and treatment to children diagnosed with mental health illness, behavioral i…
111NT0100X	Thermography Chiropractor	The NUCC recommends this code not be used. Choose a more appropriate code.

Related ICD-10-CM Codes

29 rows

ICD-10-CM Code	Description
F06.4	Anxiety disorder due to known physiological condition
F32.0	Major depressive disorder, single episode, mild
F32.1	Major depressive disorder, single episode, moderate
F32.9	Major depressive disorder, single episode, unspecified
F33.1	Major depressive disorder, recurrent, moderate
F33.2	Major depressive disorder, recurrent severe without psychotic features
F34.1	Dysthymic disorder
F41.0	Panic disorder [episodic paroxysmal anxiety]
F41.1	Generalized anxiety disorder
F41.9	Anxiety disorder, unspecified

Showing 1–10 of 29

Related Payer Policy Updates

Specialty: Durable Medical Equipment (DME)1 / 3

10 rows

Policy	Payer	Effective Date
Prior Authorization for Durable Medical Equipment (DME)	Blue Cross Blue Shield - Rhode Island	2026-10-01
Continuous Passive Motion (CPM) Devices	Cigna	2026-08-15
Push-Rim Activated Power-Assist Device (E0986) — Manual Wheelchair Accessory	moda_health_plan_inc	2026-08-13
Beds and Mattresses (for Ohio Only)	Colorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans	2026-08-01
Beds and Mattresses (for Kentucky Only)	UnitedHealthcare	2026-08-01
Pneumatic Compression Devices (for Nebraska Only)	UnitedHealthcare	2026-08-01
Indications for Coverage — Hospital beds, support surfaces, and safety enclosure beds (DME)	Colorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans	2026-08-01
Pediatric Gait Trainers and Standing Systems (for Tennessee Only)	UnitedHealthcare	2026-08-01
Enteral Nutrition (Oral and Tube Feeding) (for Pennsylvania Only)	UnitedHealthcare	2026-08-01
Beds and Mattresses (for Kansas Only)	UnitedHealthcare	2026-08-01

HCPCS E0100: Cane, Adjustable or Fixed, With Tip

HCPCS-E0105-CANE-QUAD-THREE-PRONG-MOBILITY-AID

HCPCS Level II E0105: Cane, Quad or Three-Prong, Includes Tips

HCPCS-E0110-FOREARM-CRUTCHES-PAIR-DME-MOBILITY

HCPCS Level II E0110: Forearm Crutches, Pair, Complete with Tips and Handgrips

HCPCS-E0111-CRUTCH-FOREARM-DURABLE-MEDICAL-EQUIPMENT

HCPCS Level II E0111: Crutch, Forearm, With Tip and Handgrips

HCPCS-E0112-UNDERARM-WOOD-CRUTCHES-PAIR

HCPCS Level II E0112: Underarm Wooden Crutches, Pair

HCPCS-E0113-CRUTCH-UNDERARM-WOOD-ADJUSTABLE-FIXED-WITH-PAD-TIP-HANDGRIP

HCPCS Level II E0113: Crutch Underarm, Wood, Adjustable or Fixed

HCPCS-E0114-UNDERARM-CRUTCHES-PAIR-ADJUSTABLE-FIXED

HCPCS Level II E0114: Underarm (Axillary) Crutches, Adjustable or Fixed, Pair

HCPCS-E0116-UNDERARM-CRUTCH-NON-WOOD-ADJUSTABLE-FIXED

HCPCS E0116: Underarm Crutch, Non-Wood, Adjustable/Fixed with Pad

HCPCS-E0117-ARTICULATING-SPRING-ASSISTED-UNDERARM-CRUTCH

HCPCS Level II E0117: Crutch, Underarm, Articulating, Spring-Assisted

HCPCS-E0118-LOWER-LEG-PLATFORM-CRUTCH-SUBSTITUTE

HCPCS E0118: Crutch Substitute, Lower Leg Platform

Showing 1–10 of 670

Frequently Asked Questions

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.

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Trek Health ingests and normalizes Transparency in Coverage data and payer policy updates to give provider organizations a clear view of how commercial reimbursement behaves across markets, payers, and services. Our platform transforms raw payer disclosures into structured intelligence that supports contract evaluation, payer negotiations, and service line strategy. By combining market benchmarks with ongoing policy visibility, Trek helps teams identify variability, risk, and opportunity in commercial reimbursement. The result is faster insight, stronger negotiating positions, and more informed financial decisions.

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Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`90834`	Psychotherapy, 45 minutes with patient	Commonly performed alongside VR CBT sessions when a clinician provides individual psychotherapy integrated with device-based exposure or cognitive work.
`90837`	Psychotherapy, 60 minutes with patient	Used for longer psychotherapy sessions that include device-assisted therapy plus extended clinical processing.
`96127`	Brief emotional/behavioral assessment (e.g., depression inventory)	Used before, during, or after VR CBT to quantify symptom changes with a brief standardized measure.
`99457`	Remote physiologic monitoring treatment management services, 20 minutes or more of clinical staff/physician/other qualified healthcare professional time in a month	Applicable when remote monitoring of device usage and patient-reported outcomes is billed under payer rules for remote therapeutic monitoring/management.
`99070`	Supplies and materials (except spectacles), provided by physician over and above those usually included with the office visit	Used to bill for non-routine supplies or consumables associated with device use if payer allows separate billing.

Related Modifiers

6 rows

Modifier	Description	When to Use
22	Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…	- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
52	Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…	- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
53	Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…	- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
78	CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…	- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
80	CPT® Modifier 80 (Assistant Surgeon) is appended to a surgical CPT code when a physician (MD or DO) provides full, continuous assistance throughout the operative procedure. It is intended only for…	- Use CPT Modifier -80 when a physician (MD or DO) serves as an assistant surgeon and provides full, continuous assistance throughout the entire operative procedure; append -80 to the surgical CPT…
82	Modifier 82 is appended to a surgical CPT code to indicate that an attending physician acted as an assistant because a qualified resident surgeon was unavailable. In teaching hospitals it documents…	- When to use: Append modifier 82 in teaching-hospital settings to indicate a physician served as an assistant surgeon because a qualified resident surgeon was unavailable (includes situations where…

Related Provider Taxonomies

8 rows

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
103T00000X	Psychologist	A psychologist is an individual who is licensed to practice psychology which is defined as the observation, description, evaluation, interpretation, a…
101YP2500X	Professional Counselor	Behavioral Health & Social Service Providers · Counselor
363L00000X	Nurse Practitioner	(1) A registered nurse provider with a graduate degree in nursing prepared for advanced practice involving independent and interdependent decision mak…
2084P0800X	Psychiatry Physician	A Psychiatrist specializes in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of mental disorders, emotional disorders, psychotic disorders, mood disorders, …
2251X0800X	Orthopedic Physical Therapist	A licensed physical therapist, including but not limited to an individual who is a Board Certified Specialist in Orthopaedic Physical Therapy, who has…
364SM0705X	Medical-Surgical Clinical Nurse Specialist	Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers · Clinical Nurse Specialist
322D00000X	Emotionally Disturbed Childrens' Residential Treatment Facility	A residential facility that provides habilitation services and other care and treatment to children diagnosed with mental health illness, behavioral i…
111NT0100X	Thermography Chiropractor	The NUCC recommends this code not be used. Choose a more appropriate code.

Related ICD-10-CM Codes

29 rows

ICD-10-CM Code	Description
F06.4	Anxiety disorder due to known physiological condition
F32.0	Major depressive disorder, single episode, mild
F32.1	Major depressive disorder, single episode, moderate
F32.9	Major depressive disorder, single episode, unspecified
F33.1	Major depressive disorder, recurrent, moderate
F33.2	Major depressive disorder, recurrent severe without psychotic features
F34.1	Dysthymic disorder
F41.0	Panic disorder [episodic paroxysmal anxiety]
F41.1	Generalized anxiety disorder
F41.9	Anxiety disorder, unspecified

Showing 1–10 of 29

Related Payer Policy Updates

Specialty: Durable Medical Equipment (DME)1 / 3

10 rows

Policy	Payer	Effective Date
Prior Authorization for Durable Medical Equipment (DME)	Blue Cross Blue Shield - Rhode Island	2026-10-01
Continuous Passive Motion (CPM) Devices	Cigna	2026-08-15
Push-Rim Activated Power-Assist Device (E0986) — Manual Wheelchair Accessory	moda_health_plan_inc	2026-08-13
Beds and Mattresses (for Ohio Only)	Colorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans	2026-08-01
Beds and Mattresses (for Kentucky Only)	UnitedHealthcare	2026-08-01
Pneumatic Compression Devices (for Nebraska Only)	UnitedHealthcare	2026-08-01
Indications for Coverage — Hospital beds, support surfaces, and safety enclosure beds (DME)	Colorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans	2026-08-01
Pediatric Gait Trainers and Standing Systems (for Tennessee Only)	UnitedHealthcare	2026-08-01
Enteral Nutrition (Oral and Tube Feeding) (for Pennsylvania Only)	UnitedHealthcare	2026-08-01
Beds and Mattresses (for Kansas Only)	UnitedHealthcare	2026-08-01

HCPCS E0100: Cane, Adjustable or Fixed, With Tip

HCPCS-E0105-CANE-QUAD-THREE-PRONG-MOBILITY-AID

HCPCS Level II E0105: Cane, Quad or Three-Prong, Includes Tips

HCPCS-E0110-FOREARM-CRUTCHES-PAIR-DME-MOBILITY

HCPCS Level II E0110: Forearm Crutches, Pair, Complete with Tips and Handgrips

HCPCS-E0111-CRUTCH-FOREARM-DURABLE-MEDICAL-EQUIPMENT

HCPCS Level II E0111: Crutch, Forearm, With Tip and Handgrips

HCPCS-E0112-UNDERARM-WOOD-CRUTCHES-PAIR

HCPCS Level II E0112: Underarm Wooden Crutches, Pair

HCPCS-E0113-CRUTCH-UNDERARM-WOOD-ADJUSTABLE-FIXED-WITH-PAD-TIP-HANDGRIP

HCPCS Level II E0113: Crutch Underarm, Wood, Adjustable or Fixed

HCPCS-E0114-UNDERARM-CRUTCHES-PAIR-ADJUSTABLE-FIXED

HCPCS Level II E0114: Underarm (Axillary) Crutches, Adjustable or Fixed, Pair

HCPCS-E0116-UNDERARM-CRUTCH-NON-WOOD-ADJUSTABLE-FIXED

HCPCS E0116: Underarm Crutch, Non-Wood, Adjustable/Fixed with Pad

HCPCS-E0117-ARTICULATING-SPRING-ASSISTED-UNDERARM-CRUTCH

HCPCS Level II E0117: Crutch, Underarm, Articulating, Spring-Assisted

HCPCS-E0118-LOWER-LEG-PLATFORM-CRUTCH-SUBSTITUTE

HCPCS E0118: Crutch Substitute, Lower Leg Platform

Showing 1–10 of 670

Frequently Asked Questions

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.

Published by

Trek Health powers OpenPayer with a leading commercial payer intelligence platform, seamlessly converting fragmented payer data into actionable insights for provider organizations.

OpenPayer

HCPCS Level II E1905: Virtual Reality Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Device

Sign up for hcpcs E1905 policy alerts

OpenPayer

HCPCS Level II E1905: Virtual Reality Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Device

Sign up for hcpcs E1905 policy alerts

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Related CPT Codes

Related Modifiers

Related Provider Taxonomies

Related ICD-10-CM Codes

Related Payer Policy Updates

Related Codes

References

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Related CPT Codes

Related Modifiers

Related Provider Taxonomies

Related ICD-10-CM Codes

Related Payer Policy Updates

Related Codes

References

HCPCS Level II E1905: Virtual Reality Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Device

Sign up for hcpcs E1905 policy alerts

HCPCS Level II E1905: Virtual Reality Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Device

Sign up for hcpcs E1905 policy alerts

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Related CPT Codes

Related Modifiers

Related Provider Taxonomies

Related ICD-10-CM Codes

Related Payer Policy Updates

Related Codes

What does HCPCS code E1905 cover?

Which modifiers should be considered when billing E1905?

What other CPT/HCPCS codes are commonly billed with E1905?

What is the typical clinical workflow and documentation when using the VR CBT device?

Which payers cover E1905 and does the page include reimbursement rates or detailed coverage policies?

References

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Related CPT Codes

Related Modifiers

Related Provider Taxonomies

Related ICD-10-CM Codes

Related Payer Policy Updates

Related Codes

What does HCPCS code E1905 cover?

Which modifiers should be considered when billing E1905?

What other CPT/HCPCS codes are commonly billed with E1905?

What is the typical clinical workflow and documentation when using the VR CBT device?

Which payers cover E1905 and does the page include reimbursement rates or detailed coverage policies?

References