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    v1.0.28
    OpenPayerBilling CodesDurable Medical EquipmentHCPCS hcpcs-e1310-whirlpool-non-portable-built-in
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    HCPCS E1310: Whirlpool, Non-Portable (Built-in Type)

    HCPCS Level II code E1310 describes a built-in, non-portable whirlpool device intended for therapeutic hydrotherapy; the service is durable medical equipment used to provide whirlpool therapy, typically installed in an institutional or outpatient facility setting such as a hospital therapy department or rehabilitation clinic.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Interferential Stimulation Devices (for home use), Durable Medical Equipment (DME): Tumor Treating Fields (Alternating Electric Field Therapy) Medical Guideline, Durable Medical Equipment (DME): Bone Growth Stimulators Medical Guideline.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient is an adult receiving hydrotherapy in an outpatient physical therapy or rehabilitation facility where a built-in whirlpool tub (billing code E1310) is used for therapeutic immersion. Common scenarios include postoperative knee or shoulder rehabilitation, management of chronic musculoskeletal pain (eg, osteoarthritis of the knee), debridement and cleansing of open wounds prior to advanced wound care, or treatment of lower-extremity inflammatory conditions where warm water immersion reduces pain and improves joint mobility. The clinical workflow begins with a referral from the treating physician or surgeon (eg, orthopedic surgeon, physiatrist, or primary care clinician). The physical therapist or wound care nurse assesses indications and contraindications, documents baseline pain, range of motion, wound status (if applicable), and planned treatment parameters (temperature, duration, and targeted areas). The patient is assisted into the built-in whirlpool; treatment is delivered by qualified staff who monitor tolerance, skin integrity, and vital signs as needed. Post-treatment documentation includes time in the device, patient response, any modifications or complications, and plans for subsequent sessions. Typical sites of service are hospital outpatient departments, rehabilitation hospitals, and freestanding outpatient physical therapy or wound care clinics with installed, non-portable whirlpool equipment.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    97010Application of a modality to 1 or more areas; hot or cold packsOften used before or after whirlpool therapy to manage pain and inflammation.
    97022Whirlpool, hydrotherapy (immersion)Directly describes whirlpool/hydrotherapy in CPT and is commonly billed in conjunction with facility charges represented by E1310.
    97530Therapeutic activities, direct (one-on-one) patient contact by the providerPerformed in the same session to progress functional mobility after hydrotherapy.
    11042Debridement, subcutaneous tissue (simple); first 20 sq cm or lessSurgical debridement may precede whirlpool wound cleansing when indicated.
    97597Debridement (e.g., high pressure lavage) of open woundWound care procedures often coordinated with whirlpool treatments.
    97110Therapeutic exercises to develop strength and endurance, range of motion and flexibilityCommonly provided before or after whirlpool therapy during the rehabilitation session.

    Related Modifiers

    9 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    23Modifier -23 (Unusual Anesthesia) is used on anesthesia service CPT codes when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia…- Use modifier -23 only on anesthesia CPT codes (00100–01999) when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia because of…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    55Modifier –55 indicates the billing provider furnished only postoperative management for a procedure that has a global surgical period. According to AAPC, this modifier is appended to the same CPT…- Use modifier -55 when billing the same CPT surgical code that has a 10- or 90-day global period and you, as a provider other than the original surgeon, furnished ONLY postoperative management (no…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    80CPT® Modifier 80 (Assistant Surgeon) is appended to a surgical CPT code when a physician (MD or DO) provides full, continuous assistance throughout the operative procedure. It is intended only for…- Use CPT Modifier -80 when a physician (MD or DO) serves as an assistant surgeon and provides full, continuous assistance throughout the entire operative procedure; append -80 to the surgical CPT…
    82Modifier 82 is appended to a surgical CPT code to indicate that an attending physician acted as an assistant because a qualified resident surgeon was unavailable. In teaching hospitals it documents…- When to use: Append modifier 82 in teaching-hospital settings to indicate a physician served as an assistant surgeon because a qualified resident surgeon was unavailable (includes situations where…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy CodeSpecialtyNotes
    225100000XPhysical TherapistPhysical therapists (PTs) are licensed health care professionals who diagnose and treat individuals of all ages, from newborns to the very oldest, who…
    208000000XPediatrics PhysicianA pediatrician is concerned with the physical, emotional and social health of children from birth to young adulthood. Care encompasses a broad spectru…
    3336C0002XClinic PharmacyA pharmacy in a clinic, emergency room or hospital (outpatient) that dispenses medications to patients for self-administration under the supervision o…
    2080T0002XPediatric Medical Toxicology PhysicianMedical toxicologists are physicians that specialize in the prevention, evaluation, treatment and monitoring of injury and illness from exposures to d…
    2278G0305XGeriatric Care Certified Respiratory TherapistCare of older patients who have age and/or disease related decremental pulmonary changes. Diagnosis and treatment is very important for this group si…
    1744G0900XGraphics DesignerOther Service Providers · Specialist
    225700000XMassage TherapistAn individual trained in the manipulation of tissues (as by rubbing, stroking, kneading, or tapping) with the hand or an instrument for remedial or hy…
    163WI0500XInfusion Therapy Registered NurseNursing Service Providers · Registered Nurse

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Durable Medical Equipment (DME)1 / 3

    5 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Interferential Stimulation Devices (for home use)Moda Health2026-10-01
    Durable Medical Equipment (DME): Tumor Treating Fields (Alternating Electric Field Therapy) Medical GuidelineWPS Health Insurance2026-10-01
    Durable Medical Equipment (DME): Bone Growth Stimulators Medical GuidelineWPS Health Insurance2026-10-01
    General Durable Medical Equipment (DME) Medical GuidelineWPS Health Insurance2026-10-01
    Prior Authorization for Durable Medical Equipment (DME)Blue Cross Blue Shield - Rhode Island2026-10-01

    Related Codes

    HCPCS-E0100-CANE-DURABLE-MEDICAL-EQUIPMENT-AMBULATION

    HCPCS E0100: Cane, Adjustable or Fixed, With Tip

    HCPCS-E0105-CANE-QUAD-THREE-PRONG-MOBILITY-AID

    HCPCS Level II E0105: Cane, Quad or Three-Prong, Includes Tips

    HCPCS-E0110-FOREARM-CRUTCHES-PAIR-DME-MOBILITY

    HCPCS Level II E0110: Forearm Crutches, Pair, Complete with Tips and Handgrips

    HCPCS-E0111-CRUTCH-FOREARM-DURABLE-MEDICAL-EQUIPMENT

    HCPCS Level II E0111: Crutch, Forearm, With Tip and Handgrips

    HCPCS-E0112-UNDERARM-WOOD-CRUTCHES-PAIR

    HCPCS Level II E0112: Underarm Wooden Crutches, Pair

    HCPCS-E0113-CRUTCH-UNDERARM-WOOD-ADJUSTABLE-FIXED-WITH-PAD-TIP-HANDGRIP

    HCPCS Level II E0113: Crutch Underarm, Wood, Adjustable or Fixed

    HCPCS-E0114-UNDERARM-CRUTCHES-PAIR-ADJUSTABLE-FIXED

    HCPCS Level II E0114: Underarm (Axillary) Crutches, Adjustable or Fixed, Pair

    HCPCS-E0116-UNDERARM-CRUTCH-NON-WOOD-ADJUSTABLE-FIXED

    HCPCS E0116: Underarm Crutch, Non-Wood, Adjustable/Fixed with Pad

    HCPCS-E0117-ARTICULATING-SPRING-ASSISTED-UNDERARM-CRUTCH

    HCPCS Level II E0117: Crutch, Underarm, Articulating, Spring-Assisted

    HCPCS-E0118-LOWER-LEG-PLATFORM-CRUTCH-SUBSTITUTE

    HCPCS E0118: Crutch Substitute, Lower Leg Platform

    Showing 1–10 of 670

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    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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