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    v1.0.28
    OpenPayerBilling CodesOutpatient PPSHCPCS hcpcs-c7528-coronary-angiography-with-flow-reserve-measurement
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    HCPCS Level II C7528: Coronary Angiography with Flow Reserve Measurement

    HCPCS Level II code C7528 describes catheter placement in coronary artery(ies) for coronary angiography with intraprocedural injections, imaging supervision and interpretation, right and left heart catheterization including left ventriculography when performed, and intravascular Doppler velocity and/or pressure-derived coronary flow reserve measurement for the initial coronary vessel or graft during coronary angiography with pharmacologically induced stress; service type: invasive coronary angiography with physiologic coronary flow reserve assessment; typical site of service: hospital cardiac catheterization laboratory or outpatient interventional cardiology suite.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Cardiac Computed Tomography (CCT)/Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography (CCTA), Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment, Biomarkers for Myocardial Infarction and Chronic Heart Failure.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 64-year-old male with a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia presents to the hospital with exertional chest pain and an abnormal stress test. Coronary angiography with hemodynamic assessment is scheduled. In the catheterization laboratory, arterial and venous access are obtained; selective right and left coronary artery catheterization is performed with intraprocedural contrast injections for coronary angiography. Right and left heart catheterization is completed, including left ventriculography when indicated. Intravascular Doppler velocity and/or pressure-derived coronary flow reserve (CFR) measurement is performed in the initial coronary vessel during pharmacologically induced stress to assess physiologic significance of intermediate coronary lesions. Imaging supervision and interpretation are documented by the interventional cardiologist. The typical site of service is an outpatient or inpatient hospital catheterization laboratory or ambulatory surgical center equipped for invasive coronary diagnostic procedures. Typical patient workflow includes pre-procedure consent and assessment, vascular access and angiographic imaging, physiologic measurements (CFR/FFR), possible left ventriculography, recovery monitoring, and discharge or admission based on findings and comorbidities.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    93458Catheter placement in coronary artery(ies) for coronary angiography, with left heart catheterization including intraprocedural injection(s) for left ventriculography, when performed; with coronary angiography including imaging supervision and interpretationA commonly billed CPT equivalent for comprehensive diagnostic coronary angiography and left heart catheterization; overlaps with HCPCS Level II description.
    93459Catheter placement in coronary artery(ies) for coronary angiography, with left heart catheterization including intraprocedural injection(s) for left ventriciculography, when performed; with coronary angiography including imaging supervision and interpretation, with right heart catheterizationUsed when right heart catheterization is performed in addition to left heart catheterization and coronary angiography.
    93463Intravascular coronary physiology testing including fractional flow reserve (FFR) when performed during coronary angiographyRelates to physiologic assessment of coronary lesions; often performed alongside CFR/pressure-derived measures in the same session.
    93571Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) during diagnostic or therapeutic coronary procedures, imaging supervision and interpretationMay be performed in conjunction with angiography to assess vessel morphology when additional intravascular imaging is needed.
    93015Cardiovascular stress test using pharmacologic stress with ECG and/or imaging supervision and interpretationRepresents pharmacologic stress testing which may precede or accompany physiologic measurements during coronary assessment.

    Related Modifiers

    9 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    23Modifier -23 (Unusual Anesthesia) is used on anesthesia service CPT codes when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia…- Use modifier -23 only on anesthesia CPT codes (00100–01999) when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia because of…
    51Modifier –51 (Multiple Procedures) is used when the same provider performs multiple procedures in the same session to identify secondary, non‑exempt procedures and indicate payment reduction logic…- Use modifier -51 when the same provider performs multiple distinct procedures during the same patient encounter: report the highest‑valued procedure first (no modifier) and append -51 to…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    54Modifier ‑54 (“Surgical care only”) is appended to a CPT surgical procedure when the reporting surgeon performs the intraoperative (surgical) component but does not furnish the preoperative and/or…- Use modifier -54 when the reporting surgeon provided only the intraoperative (surgical) component of a procedure and preoperative and/or postoperative management has been or will be provided by…
    55Modifier –55 indicates the billing provider furnished only postoperative management for a procedure that has a global surgical period. According to AAPC, this modifier is appended to the same CPT…- Use modifier -55 when billing the same CPT surgical code that has a 10- or 90-day global period and you, as a provider other than the original surgeon, furnished ONLY postoperative management (no…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    73Modifier 73 indicates a facility-level outpatient hospital or ASC procedure that was discontinued after the patient was prepared and taken to the procedure/operating room but before any anesthesia…- When to use: Apply CPT modifier 73 on the FACILITY (outpatient hospital or ASC) claim when the patient has been fully prepared and physically taken into the procedure/operating room but the…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy CodeSpecialtyNotes
    207RC0000XCardiovascular Disease PhysicianAn internist who specializes in diseases of the heart and blood vessels and manages complex cardiac conditions such as heart attacks and life-threaten…
    207RP1001XPulmonary Disease PhysicianAn internist who treats diseases of the lungs and airways. The pulmonologist diagnoses and treats cancer, pneumonia, pleurisy, asthma, occupational an…
    208D00000XGeneral Practice PhysicianA physician who specializes in the general practice of diagnosing, treating, and managing patients with a variety of illnesses and conditions.
    225100000XPhysical TherapistPhysical therapists (PTs) are licensed health care professionals who diagnose and treat individuals of all ages, from newborns to the very oldest, who…
    170300000XGenetic Counselor (M.S.)A masters trained health care provider who collects and interprets genetic family histories; assesses the risk of disease occurrence or recurrence; id…
    171100000XAcupuncturistAn acupuncturist is a person who performs ancient therapy for alleviation of pain, anesthesia and treatment of some diseases. Acupuncturists use long,…
    207YP0228XPediatric Otolaryngology PhysicianA pediatric otolaryngologist has special expertise in the management of infants and children with disorders that include congenital and acquired condi…
    207KA0200XAllergy PhysicianA physician who specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of allergies.

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    29 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    E11.9Type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications
    E78.5Hyperlipidemia, unspecified
    I10Essential (primary) hypertension
    I20.0Unstable angina
    I20.1Angina pectoris with documented spasm
    I21.3ST elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction of unspecified site
    I21.4Non-ST elevation (NSTEMI) myocardial infarction
    I25.10Atherosclerotic heart disease of native coronary artery without angina pectoris
    I25.110Atherosclerotic heart disease of native coronary artery with unstable angina pectoris
    I25.700Atherosclerosis of coronary artery bypass graft(s), unspecified, with unstable angina pectoris

    Showing 1–10 of 29

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Cardiology1 / 3

    6 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Cardiac Computed Tomography (CCT)/Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography (CCTA)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    Cardiovascular Disease Risk AssessmentOscar Health2026-10-01
    Biomarkers for Myocardial Infarction and Chronic Heart FailureOscar Health2026-10-01
    Multiple Procedure Payment Reduction for Diagnostic Cardiovascular ProceduresBlue Cross Blue Shield - Maine2026-10-01
    Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessmentblue cross blue shield - louisiana2026-09-15
    Cardiovascular Disease Risk AssessmentBlue Cross Blue Shield - New Mexico2026-09-04

    Related Codes

    HCPCS-C1713-IMPLANTABLE-ANCHOR-SCREW-BONE-FIXATION

    HCPCS C1713: Anchor/Screw for Bone or Soft Tissue Fixation (Implantable)

    HCPCS-C1714-TRANSLUMINAL-DIRECTIONAL-ATHERECTOMY-CATHETER

    HCPCS C1714: Catheter, transluminal atherectomy, directional

    HCPCS-C1715-BRACHYTHERAPY-NEEDLE

    HCPCS C1715: Brachytherapy Needle

    HCPCS-C1716-BRACHYTHERAPY-GOLD-198-SOURCE

    HCPCS C1716: Brachytherapy Source, Gold-198, Per Source

    HCPCS-C1717-HDR-BRACHYTHERAPY-IRIDIUM-192-SOURCE

    HCPCS C1717: HDR Iridium-192 Brachytherapy Source, Per Source

    HCPCS-C1719-BRACHYTHERAPY-IRIDIUM-192-SOURCE-NON-STRANDED

    HCPCS C1719: Brachytherapy Source, Iridium-192, Non-Stranded

    HCPCS-C1721-IMPLANTABLE-DUAL-CHAMBER-CARDIOVERTER-DEFIBRILLATOR

    HCPCS C1721: Cardioverter-Defibrillator, Dual Chamber (Implantable)

    HCPCS-C1724-ROTATIONAL-TRANSLUMINAL-ATHERECTOMY-CATHETER

    HCPCS Level II C1724: Rotational Transluminal Atherectomy Catheter

    HCPCS-C1725-TRANSLUMINAL-ANGIOPLASTY-CATHETER-NON-LASER

    HCPCS Level II C1725: Transluminal Angioplasty Catheter, Non-Laser

    HCPCS-C1726-NON-VASCULAR-BALLOON-DILATATION-CATHETER

    HCPCS C1726: Catheter, Balloon Dilatation, Non-Vascular

    Showing 1–10 of 603

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    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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