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    v1.0.31
    OpenPayerBilling CodesOutpatient PPSHCPCS hcpcs-c1891-implantable-non-programmable-infusion-pump
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    HCPCS Level II C1891: Implantable Non-Programmable Infusion Pump

    HCPCS Level II code C1891 describes an implantable, permanent, non-programmable infusion pump used to deliver medications directly into the body; the service is the provision and implantation of an infusion pump device, typically performed in an operating room or other inpatient/outpatient surgical setting for long-term drug delivery management.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation, Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation, Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient is an adult with chronic, refractory cancer-related pain or spasticity who has failed conservative therapies (oral opioids, adjuvant analgesics, physical therapy). The patient is evaluated by a multidisciplinary pain management team and deemed an appropriate candidate for an implantable, non-programmable infusion pump (C1891) to deliver continuous intrathecal medication (eg, morphine, baclofen). The clinical workflow includes pre-procedure evaluation (history, medication review, informed consent), baseline pain/spasticity scoring, imaging to assess anatomy, perioperative anesthesia assessment, device implantation in an operating room or ambulatory surgical center, intraoperative confirmation of catheter and pump position, initial reservoir fill, wound closure, and postoperative monitoring for complications (infection, cerebrospinal fluid leak, catheter malfunction). Postoperative care includes wound checks, programming verification if applicable, reservoir refill visits, and coordination with home health or pain clinic for ongoing medication management and documentation of effectiveness and adverse effects.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    63650Percutaneous implantation of neurostimulator electrode array; single arrayMay be performed in patients requiring spinal cord stimulation as alternative or adjunct to intrathecal pump therapy during the same course of pain management.
    62350Injection(s), of diagnostic or therapeutic substance(s) (e.g., anesthetic, antispasmodic, opioid), not including neurolytic agents, percutaneous, into the epidural or subarachnoid space; single levelDiagnostic or trial intrathecal/epidural injections often precede decision for permanent pump implantation.
    62263Injection of medication into spinal puncture catheter; for intrathecal drug delivery system, initial placement or subsequent refill/maintenanceReflects procedures associated with catheter handling and reservoir access for refill or medication administration.
    51702Implantation of neurostimulation lead(s), percutaneous; sacral nerveIncluded as related interventional procedures that may be part of multidisciplinary pain interventions; billing relation varies.
    63030Laminotomy (hemilaminectomy), with decompression of nerve root(s)May be performed concurrently or prior to pump implantation when spinal decompression or direct access is required to place intrathecal catheter.
    99144Surgical preoperative evaluation and management of a patient including an initial history and physical, and review of diagnostic tests; typically used for moderate to high complexity pre-op assessmentUsed for documentation and billing of preoperative evaluation prior to implantation procedures.

    Related Modifiers

    8 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    23Modifier -23 (Unusual Anesthesia) is used on anesthesia service CPT codes when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia…- Use modifier -23 only on anesthesia CPT codes (00100–01999) when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia because of…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    54Modifier ‑54 (“Surgical care only”) is appended to a CPT surgical procedure when the reporting surgeon performs the intraoperative (surgical) component but does not furnish the preoperative and/or…- Use modifier -54 when the reporting surgeon provided only the intraoperative (surgical) component of a procedure and preoperative and/or postoperative management has been or will be provided by…
    55Modifier –55 indicates the billing provider furnished only postoperative management for a procedure that has a global surgical period. According to AAPC, this modifier is appended to the same CPT…- Use modifier -55 when billing the same CPT surgical code that has a 10- or 90-day global period and you, as a provider other than the original surgeon, furnished ONLY postoperative management (no…
    56Modifier ‑56 indicates the reporting provider furnished only the preoperative management for a surgical procedure and did not perform the intraoperative or postoperative care. It is used in…- Use Modifier -56 when a provider performs only the preoperative management in a split‑care situation (one physician manages preop care while a different physician performs the intraoperative…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    2084P0800X
    207L00000X
    207V00000X
    207P00000X
    193400000X
    207RI0001X
    1041S0200X
    156FX1800X

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    21 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    C79.51Secondary malignant neoplasm of bone
    C79.52Secondary malignant neoplasm of bone marrow
    D36.7Benign neoplasm of other specified sites
    F45.41Pain disorder exclusively related to psychological factors
    G25.3Myoclonus
    G60.9Hereditary and idiopathic neuropathy, unspecified
    G62.9Polyneuropathy, unspecified
    G89.0Central pain syndrome
    G89.3Neoplasm related pain (acute) (chronic)
    G89.4Chronic pain syndrome

    Showing 1–10 of 21

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Cardiology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillationpremerabluecrossofwashington2027-02-05
    Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillationpremerabluecrossofwashington2027-02-05
    Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillationpremerabluecrossofwashington2027-02-05
    Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Closure - Medical PolicyHealth-New-England2027-02-01
    Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair Medical PolicyHealth-New-England2027-02-01
    Cardiac Electrophysiological (EP) Studies and Cardiac Ablation of Abnormal Electrical RhythmsCigna2027-01-15
    Outpatient Cardiology Procedures for EviCore Arrangement (for Oxford Only)Colorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-11-01
    Biomarkers for Myocardial Infarction and Chronic Heart Failure Reimbursement PolicyHealthfirst2026-11-01
    Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillationpremerabluecrossofwashington2026-11-01
    Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillationpremerabluecrossofwashington2026-11-01

    Related Codes

    HCPCS-C1713-IMPLANTABLE-ANCHOR-SCREW-BONE-FIXATION

    HCPCS C1713: Anchor/Screw for Bone or Soft Tissue Fixation (Implantable)

    HCPCS-C1714-TRANSLUMINAL-DIRECTIONAL-ATHERECTOMY-CATHETER

    HCPCS C1714: Catheter, transluminal atherectomy, directional

    HCPCS-C1715-BRACHYTHERAPY-NEEDLE

    HCPCS C1715: Brachytherapy Needle

    HCPCS-C1716-BRACHYTHERAPY-GOLD-198-SOURCE

    HCPCS C1716: Brachytherapy Source, Gold-198, Per Source

    HCPCS-C1717-HDR-BRACHYTHERAPY-IRIDIUM-192-SOURCE

    HCPCS C1717: HDR Iridium-192 Brachytherapy Source, Per Source

    HCPCS-C1719-BRACHYTHERAPY-IRIDIUM-192-SOURCE-NON-STRANDED

    HCPCS C1719: Brachytherapy Source, Iridium-192, Non-Stranded

    HCPCS-C1721-IMPLANTABLE-DUAL-CHAMBER-CARDIOVERTER-DEFIBRILLATOR

    HCPCS C1721: Cardioverter-Defibrillator, Dual Chamber (Implantable)

    HCPCS-C1724-ROTATIONAL-TRANSLUMINAL-ATHERECTOMY-CATHETER

    HCPCS Level II C1724: Rotational Transluminal Atherectomy Catheter

    HCPCS-C1725-TRANSLUMINAL-ANGIOPLASTY-CATHETER-NON-LASER

    HCPCS Level II C1725: Transluminal Angioplasty Catheter, Non-Laser

    HCPCS-C1726-NON-VASCULAR-BALLOON-DILATATION-CATHETER

    HCPCS C1726: Catheter, Balloon Dilatation, Non-Vascular

    Showing 1–10 of 603

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    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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