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CPT 99416: Clinical Staff Time During Office or Outpatient E/M Service

CPT code 99416 covers additional clinical staff time spent directly with a patient during an office or outpatient evaluation and management (E/M) visit, billed in 30-minute increments. Nationally, this code documents team-based care activities that extend the duration of an E/M encounter and captures services rendered by qualified clinical personnel under physician supervision. Its use can affect encounter-level billing and resource accounting across ambulatory care settings.

Key payers considered in this analysis include Aetna, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cigna Health, UnitedHealthcare, and Medicare. The publication outlines payer coverage patterns, coding and billing considerations, typical sites of service, and the clinical context in which 99416 is most applicable. Readers will find benchmarks and policy-relevant summaries that clarify when 99416 applies, how it integrates with office and outpatient E/M workflows, and common operational considerations for tracking and documenting clinical staff time.

The piece provides a concise national view of code intent, payer applicability, and practical interpretation for ambulatory care organizations. Data not available in the input is noted where applicable.

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Billing Code Overview

CPT code 99416 describes time spent by clinical staff directly with the patient as part of an office or outpatient evaluation and management (E/M) service, performed under the supervision of the billing provider. This code is reported for each additional 30 minutes of clinical staff time beyond the usual E/M encounter.

Service type: Clinical staff time supporting office/outpatient E/M services

Typical site of service: Office or outpatient clinic

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CPT 99416: Clinical Staff Time During Office or Outpatient E/M Service

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Billing Code Overview

Service type: Clinical staff time supporting office/outpatient E/M services

Typical site of service: Office or outpatient clinic

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

A 58-year-old patient with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes presents to an endocrinology outpatient clinic for medication adjustment and diabetes self-management education. The patient arrives for a scheduled office visit with the supervising physician; during the visit the physician bills an E/M service. After the physician-directed portion is complete, clinical staff (a licensed practical nurse and a diabetes educator) spend an additional 45 minutes directly with the patient under the physician’s supervision to provide focused self-care training, blood glucose meter teaching, insulin technique review, and care coordination for home health services. The clinic documents the supervised time in the medical record, times the additional staff contact in 30-minute increments, and appends the appropriate modifier(s) when billing. Typical workflow includes physician evaluation and plan, delegation of patient education to clinical staff, real-time supervision and availability by the physician, documentation of staff time spent directly with the patient, and billing for each additional 30-minute increment of staff time using 99416 when supported by the payer’s policy.

Coding Specifications

Modifier	Description	When to Use
`25`	Significant, separately identifiable evaluation and management service by the same physician on the same day of the procedure or other service	Use when the supervising provider documents that the visit included a significant E/M service in addition to the staff time captured by `99416`.
`59`	Distinct procedural service	Use when services are distinct and not ordinarily bundled; supports separation of `99416` from other distinct services on the same day when payer policy permits.
`22`	Increased procedural services	Use when the staff time and intensity materially exceed typical expectations and payer allows `22` to explain increased work for documentation.
`52`	Reduced services	Use when the clinical staff provided less than the full service as described, and a reduced service modifier is appropriate per payer rules.
`54`	Surgical care only	Use when the billing pertains only to the surgical care portion and separate postoperative staff time is billed under supervision where applicable.
`55`	Postoperative management only	Use when the service billed reflects only postoperative management delivered by supervised clinical staff.
`62`	Two surgeons	Use when two surgeons are involved and clinical staff time under one surgeon is reported; applicable when documentation supports co-surgeon involvement and billing rules allow.
`80`	Assistant surgeon	Use when an assistant surgeon or assistant personnel provided additional supervised clinical services relevant to the encounter and payer policy permits reporting.
`QX`	Auxiliary personnel with qualified nonphysician practitioner	Use when clinical staff providing the additional time are nonphysician practitioners and payer requires `QX` to identify split/shared or auxiliary personnel involvement.
`QY`	Service furnished by a physician or other qualified health care professional as part of a shared visit	Use when the supervising physician and a nonphysician practitioner share the visit and payer policy requires identification for billing `99416` minutes.
`TG`	Service delivered via interactive audio and video telecommunications system	Use when the supervised clinical staff time is delivered synchronously via telehealth modalities and payer accepts `99416` in that setting.
`QK`	Medical direction of two, three, or four concurrent anesthesia procedures	Use when medical direction is documented and multiple concurrent procedures require attribution of staff supervision time per payer policy.
`QX`	Auxiliary personnel with charted notes by nonphysician practitioner	Duplicate of `QX` in list; include only once in billing.
`25`	Significant, separately identifiable E/M (duplicate entry removed in billing)	Avoid duplicate modifier entries; ensure only appropriate single modifier is appended.

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
207Q00000X	Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism	Common supervising specialty for diabetes education and medication management in outpatient setting.
207R00000X	Family Medicine	Common primary care specialty that supervises clinical staff providing extended education and care coordination.
207L00000X	Internal Medicine	Hospital-based and clinic internists commonly oversee staff-delivered extended patient education and chronic disease management.
363A00000X	Nurse Practitioner	NPs frequently supervise and bill for team-based care with clinical staff providing additional patient contact under their supervision.
363LA2200X	Physician Assistant	PAs often direct or supervise clinical staff performing extended patient education and follow-up in outpatient clinics.

Related Diagnoses

ICD-10 Code	Description	Clinical Relevance
`E11.9`	Type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications	Common chronic condition requiring education, insulin technique review, and care coordination often delivered by clinical staff under supervision.
`E11.65`	Type 2 diabetes mellitus with hyperglycemia	Indicates poor control prompting additional supervised staff time for medication titration and patient teaching.
`E11.42`	Type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic polyneuropathy	Complications that require additional patient instruction on foot care and symptom management provided by clinical staff.
`R73.9`	Hyperglycemia, unspecified	Elevated glucose prompting education, monitoring instructions, and supervised staff time to reinforce treatment plan.
`Z71.3`	Dietary counseling and surveillance	Nutrition counseling often delivered by clinical staff during extended teaching sessions billed with `99416`.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`99213`	Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation and management of an established patient, typically 15 minutes	Often billed by the supervising physician for the primary E/M portion; `99416` is reported for each additional 30 minutes clinical staff time under supervision.
`99214`	Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation and management of an established patient, typically 25 minutes	Used for more complex E/M visits; `99416` may be appended for additional supervised staff time beyond the physician encounter.
`99415`	The clinical staff spends additional time directly with the patient on an office or outpatient E/M service; use for each additional 15 minutes of staff time under provider supervision (if applicable)	Alternative or complementary code when payer requires 15-minute increments; documents shorter staff-time increments compared with `99416`.
`98960`	Education and training for patient self-management for initial 2-3 sessions, each 30 minutes	Diabetes education provided by clinical staff may be billed when payer allows and may occur alongside `99416` if policies permit separate billing.
`99366`	Medical team conference with interdisciplinary team, patient and/or family, face-to-face; typically directed by a physician or other qualified health care professional	Used for multidisciplinary care coordination meetings; related when team conferences occur in coordination with extended staff time under `99416`.
`G0108`	Diabetes outpatient self-management training services, individual, per 30 minutes	Medicare-specific diabetes education code that may be reported in conjunction with staff-delivered education sessions instead of or alongside `99416` depending on payer rules.

CPT 99415: Additional Clinical Staff Time for Office or Outpatient E/M

Frequently Asked Questions

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.

Published by

Trek Health powers OpenPayer with a leading commercial payer intelligence platform, seamlessly converting fragmented payer data into actionable insights for provider organizations.

Trek Health ingests and normalizes Transparency in Coverage data and payer policy updates to give provider organizations a clear view of how commercial reimbursement behaves across markets, payers, and services. Our platform transforms raw payer disclosures into structured intelligence that supports contract evaluation, payer negotiations, and service line strategy. By combining market benchmarks with ongoing policy visibility, Trek helps teams identify variability, risk, and opportunity in commercial reimbursement. The result is faster insight, stronger negotiating positions, and more informed financial decisions.

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Modifier	Description	When to Use
`25`	Significant, separately identifiable evaluation and management service by the same physician on the same day of the procedure or other service	Use when the supervising provider documents that the visit included a significant E/M service in addition to the staff time captured by `99416`.
`59`	Distinct procedural service	Use when services are distinct and not ordinarily bundled; supports separation of `99416` from other distinct services on the same day when payer policy permits.
`22`	Increased procedural services	Use when the staff time and intensity materially exceed typical expectations and payer allows `22` to explain increased work for documentation.
`52`	Reduced services	Use when the clinical staff provided less than the full service as described, and a reduced service modifier is appropriate per payer rules.
`54`	Surgical care only	Use when the billing pertains only to the surgical care portion and separate postoperative staff time is billed under supervision where applicable.
`55`	Postoperative management only	Use when the service billed reflects only postoperative management delivered by supervised clinical staff.
`62`	Two surgeons	Use when two surgeons are involved and clinical staff time under one surgeon is reported; applicable when documentation supports co-surgeon involvement and billing rules allow.
`80`	Assistant surgeon	Use when an assistant surgeon or assistant personnel provided additional supervised clinical services relevant to the encounter and payer policy permits reporting.
`QX`	Auxiliary personnel with qualified nonphysician practitioner	Use when clinical staff providing the additional time are nonphysician practitioners and payer requires `QX` to identify split/shared or auxiliary personnel involvement.
`QY`	Service furnished by a physician or other qualified health care professional as part of a shared visit	Use when the supervising physician and a nonphysician practitioner share the visit and payer policy requires identification for billing `99416` minutes.
`TG`	Service delivered via interactive audio and video telecommunications system	Use when the supervised clinical staff time is delivered synchronously via telehealth modalities and payer accepts `99416` in that setting.
`QK`	Medical direction of two, three, or four concurrent anesthesia procedures	Use when medical direction is documented and multiple concurrent procedures require attribution of staff supervision time per payer policy.
`QX`	Auxiliary personnel with charted notes by nonphysician practitioner	Duplicate of `QX` in list; include only once in billing.
`25`	Significant, separately identifiable E/M (duplicate entry removed in billing)	Avoid duplicate modifier entries; ensure only appropriate single modifier is appended.

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
207Q00000X	Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism	Common supervising specialty for diabetes education and medication management in outpatient setting.
207R00000X	Family Medicine	Common primary care specialty that supervises clinical staff providing extended education and care coordination.
207L00000X	Internal Medicine	Hospital-based and clinic internists commonly oversee staff-delivered extended patient education and chronic disease management.
363A00000X	Nurse Practitioner	NPs frequently supervise and bill for team-based care with clinical staff providing additional patient contact under their supervision.
363LA2200X	Physician Assistant	PAs often direct or supervise clinical staff performing extended patient education and follow-up in outpatient clinics.

Related Diagnoses

ICD-10 Code	Description	Clinical Relevance
`E11.9`	Type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications	Common chronic condition requiring education, insulin technique review, and care coordination often delivered by clinical staff under supervision.
`E11.65`	Type 2 diabetes mellitus with hyperglycemia	Indicates poor control prompting additional supervised staff time for medication titration and patient teaching.
`E11.42`	Type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic polyneuropathy	Complications that require additional patient instruction on foot care and symptom management provided by clinical staff.
`R73.9`	Hyperglycemia, unspecified	Elevated glucose prompting education, monitoring instructions, and supervised staff time to reinforce treatment plan.
`Z71.3`	Dietary counseling and surveillance	Nutrition counseling often delivered by clinical staff during extended teaching sessions billed with `99416`.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`99213`	Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation and management of an established patient, typically 15 minutes	Often billed by the supervising physician for the primary E/M portion; `99416` is reported for each additional 30 minutes clinical staff time under supervision.
`99214`	Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation and management of an established patient, typically 25 minutes	Used for more complex E/M visits; `99416` may be appended for additional supervised staff time beyond the physician encounter.
`99415`	The clinical staff spends additional time directly with the patient on an office or outpatient E/M service; use for each additional 15 minutes of staff time under provider supervision (if applicable)	Alternative or complementary code when payer requires 15-minute increments; documents shorter staff-time increments compared with `99416`.
`98960`	Education and training for patient self-management for initial 2-3 sessions, each 30 minutes	Diabetes education provided by clinical staff may be billed when payer allows and may occur alongside `99416` if policies permit separate billing.
`99366`	Medical team conference with interdisciplinary team, patient and/or family, face-to-face; typically directed by a physician or other qualified health care professional	Used for multidisciplinary care coordination meetings; related when team conferences occur in coordination with extended staff time under `99416`.
`G0108`	Diabetes outpatient self-management training services, individual, per 30 minutes	Medicare-specific diabetes education code that may be reported in conjunction with staff-delivered education sessions instead of or alongside `99416` depending on payer rules.

CPT 99415: Additional Clinical Staff Time for Office or Outpatient E/M

Frequently Asked Questions

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.

Published by

Trek Health powers OpenPayer with a leading commercial payer intelligence platform, seamlessly converting fragmented payer data into actionable insights for provider organizations.

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CPT 99416: Clinical Staff Time During Office or Outpatient E/M Service

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Billing Code Overview

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CPT 99416: Clinical Staff Time During Office or Outpatient E/M Service

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Billing Code Overview

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

References

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

References

CPT 99416: Clinical Staff Time During Office or Outpatient E/M Service

Sign up for cpt 99416 policy alerts

Billing Code Overview

CPT 99416: Clinical Staff Time During Office or Outpatient E/M Service

Sign up for cpt 99416 policy alerts

Billing Code Overview

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

What does CPT 99416 represent and when is it used?

What documentation is needed to support billing 99416?

Which modifiers are commonly used with 99416 and when would they apply?

How does 99416 relate to other E/M or education codes listed on the page?

Which specialties commonly supervise and bill for services reported with 99416?

References

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

What does CPT 99416 represent and when is it used?

What documentation is needed to support billing 99416?

Which modifiers are commonly used with 99416 and when would they apply?

How does 99416 relate to other E/M or education codes listed on the page?

Which specialties commonly supervise and bill for services reported with 99416?

References