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    OpenPayerBilling CodesModerate (Conscious) SedationCPT cpt-99152-procedural-sedation-initial-15-minutes
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    CPT 99152: Moderate (Conscious) Sedation, Initial 15 Minutes

    Medicare pays $53 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 99152 describes the administration of moderate sedation (conscious sedation) by the provider for a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure in patients age five years and older; this code represents the initial 15 minutes of intraservice time and is typically reported for moderate sedation provided during procedures in ambulatory surgical centers, hospital outpatient departments, or procedure suites where a trained observer assists in patient monitoring.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Dental Anesthesia Services, Anesthesia Services for Interventional Pain Management Procedures in an Adult, General Anesthesia and Conscious Sedation Services.

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 45-year-old patient requires a diagnostic upper endoscopy for evaluation of persistent dyspepsia and possible Barrett esophagus. The gastroenterologist plans topical and intravenous medications to achieve moderate sedation so the patient is sedated but arousable and can maintain airway reflexes. A trained observer (e.g., registered nurse or licensed practical nurse trained in sedation monitoring) assists in continuous monitoring of vital signs, oxygenation, and responsiveness throughout the procedure. The provider administers initial sedative and analgesic medications and documents intraservice time; the first 15 minutes of medication administration and active monitoring is reported with 99152. The procedure typically takes place in an ambulatory endoscopy suite, outpatient surgical center, or hospital procedure room. Pre-procedure assessment, informed consent for sedation, intra-procedure monitoring (continuous pulse oximetry, blood pressure, ECG as indicated), and post-procedure recovery are part of the clinical workflow. If sedation continues beyond the initial 15 minutes, additional time increments are reported with subsequent appropriate time-based sedation codes as applicable.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    99153The provider performing a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure administers medication to reduce consciousness, but not render the patient unconscious or asleep, in a patient younger than five years of age, in the presence of a trained observer who assists in monitoring the patient. This code is for the initial 15 minutes of intraservice time.Pediatric counterpart; relevant when patient age <5 years instead of 99152.
    99155The provider other than the one performing the diagnostic or therapeutic procedure administers medication to reduce consciousness, but not render the patient unconscious or asleep, in a patient five years of age or older, in the presence of a trained observer who assists in monitoring the patient. This code is for the initial 15 minutes of intraservice time.Used when a provider other than the proceduralist administers moderate sedation for adult patients.
    99156The provider other than the one performing the diagnostic or therapeutic procedure administers medication to reduce consciousness, but not render the patient unconscious or asleep, in a patient younger than five years of age, in the presence of a trained observer who assists in monitoring the patient. This code is for the initial 15 minutes of intraservice time.Pediatric version when sedation is administered by a non-proceduralist.
    00400Anesthesia for procedures on the integumentary system on the head, neck, posterior trunk, and other specified areas (example anesthesia codes vary)Represents general anesthesia or monitored anesthesia care codes that may be used if sedation is escalated to anesthesia rather than moderate sedation.
    31360Laryngoscopy, diagnostic, with or without tracheal intubation; directExample of a procedure that may require provider-administered sedation; included as a representative procedure often performed alongside sedation services.
    45378Colonoscopy, flexible; diagnostic, including collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing, when performed (separate procedure)Common diagnostic procedure during which 99152 may be reported for provider-administered moderate sedation.

    Related Modifiers

    7 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    25CPT modifier 25 indicates that on the same day as another procedure or service, the same physician or other qualified health care professional provided a significant, separately identifiable…- When to apply: Use modifier 25 only on an E/M code to indicate the same provider delivered a significant, separately identifiable E/M service on the same day as another procedure or service — i.e.,…
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    57CPT® modifier -57 (“Decision for Surgery”) is appended to an Evaluation and Management (E/M) service when that encounter results in the initial decision to perform a major surgery (a procedure with a…- Use modifier 57 when an E/M service provided by the same provider (or same tax ID) on the day of or the day before a major surgical procedure (90‑day global period) results in the initial decision…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    91Modifier 91 — “Repeat Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Test” — is appended when the exact same CPT laboratory test is performed more than once for the same patient on the same day because serial,…- Use modifier 91 when the exact same CPT laboratory test is performed more than once on the same patient on the same date because serial or repeated testing is medically necessary to monitor…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    207L00000X
    207RC0000X
    208D00000X
    207LP2900X
    2086X0206X
    2080A0000X
    224900000X
    103TA0700X

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Anesthesiology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Dental Anesthesia ServicesProvidence Health Plan2026-10-01
    Anesthesia Services for Interventional Pain Management Procedures in an AdultCigna2026-09-15
    General Anesthesia and Conscious Sedation ServicesUnitedHealthcare2026-09-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Elective Inpatient Services (for Idaho Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-06-01
    Sites of Servicepriority health2026-06-01
    Coverage for Ambulatory Surgery Unit (ASU)/Outpatient Facility and Anesthesia for Dental Servicesuniverahealthcare2026-05-21

    Related Codes

    CPT-99151-PEDIATRIC-MODERATE-SEDATION-INITIAL-15-MINUTES

    CPT 99151: Moderate Procedural Sedation for Child <5 Years

    CPT-99153-MODERATE-SEDATION-BEYOND-INTRASERVICE-TIME

    CPT 99153: Moderate Sedation with Observer Monitoring

    CPT-99155-PEDIATRIC-PROCEDURAL-SEDATION-INITIAL-15-MINUTES

    CPT 99155: Pediatric Moderate Sedation Medication Administration

    CPT-99156-MODERATE-SEDATION-INITIAL-15-MINUTES

    CPT 99156: Moderate Sedation, Initial 15 Minutes

    CPT-99157-MODERATE-SEDATION-EXTENDED-MONITORING

    CPT 99157: Moderate Sedation Medication Administration and Monitoring

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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