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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesIntracardiac Electrophysiological Procedures/StudiesCPT cpt-93654-ventricular-ep-study-with-ablation
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    CPT 93654: Electrophysiology Study with Ventricular Ablation

    Medicare pays $859 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 93654 describes a comprehensive electrophysiologic study with induction or attempted induction of arrhythmia and catheter-based treatment (ablation) of ventricular tachyarrhythmias; this invasive diagnostic and therapeutic cardiac electrophysiology service typically involves placement of intracardiac wire electrodes and is performed in an electrophysiology laboratory or cardiac catheterization lab as a hospital or specialized outpatient procedural service.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Dental Anesthesia Services, Anesthesia Services for Interventional Pain Management Procedures in an Adult, General Anesthesia and Conscious Sedation Services.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 62-year-old patient with a history of ischemic cardiomyopathy and recurrent symptomatic ventricular tachycardia presents for a comprehensive electrophysiologic study with planned ventricular tachycardia induction and catheter ablation. The patient is admitted to the cardiac electrophysiology laboratory in an outpatient or same-day admission setting; general anesthesia or deep sedation is provided per institutional protocol. Vascular access is obtained (typically femoral venous and sometimes arterial), intracardiac mapping catheters are positioned, programmed electrical stimulation is used to induce ventricular arrhythmia, and three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping and intracardiac signals guide identification of the arrhythmogenic substrate. Radiofrequency energy is delivered to ablate the focus or critical isthmus in the ventricle. Post-ablation reassessment includes attempts to re-induce the arrhythmia and monitoring for acute complications. The typical site of service is an inpatient or outpatient hospital-based cardiac electrophysiology laboratory or ambulatory surgical center staffed by an electrophysiologist and allied cardiac cath lab team. The service type is an advanced therapeutic diagnostic and interventional electrophysiology procedure addressing ventricular arrhythmias.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    93650Comprehensive electrophysiologic evaluation including insertion and repositioning of multiple electrode catheters; without ventricular stimulationPerformed when only diagnostic EP study elements are required without ventricular stimulation; may be reported for diagnostic-only portions of the session
    93655Comprehensive EP study including resetting and induction with ablation of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) focusUsed when ablation targets are supraventricular rather than ventricular; contrasted with 93654 which targets ventricular arrhythmias
    93656Comprehensive EP study including catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia, complex or repeat ablationUsed for complex or repeat ventricular tachycardia ablation procedures that may require different coding depending on complexity and payer rules
    93613Intracardiac electrophysiological recordings for arrhythmogenic focus identificationOften performed prior to ablation for mapping and signal characterization as part of the EP study workflow
    93662Intracardiac ablation of accessory pathway(s)Performed when accessory pathways are the target; distinguishes other anatomic targets from ventricular substrate ablation
    33249Insertion or replacement of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), single or dual leadMay be performed before or after VT ablation when patients require device therapy for secondary prevention or recurrent ventricular arrhythmia management

    Related Modifiers

    12 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    23Modifier -23 (Unusual Anesthesia) is used on anesthesia service CPT codes when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia…- Use modifier -23 only on anesthesia CPT codes (00100–01999) when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia because of…
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    51Modifier –51 (Multiple Procedures) is used when the same provider performs multiple procedures in the same session to identify secondary, non‑exempt procedures and indicate payment reduction logic…- Use modifier -51 when the same provider performs multiple distinct procedures during the same patient encounter: report the highest‑valued procedure first (no modifier) and append -51 to…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    66Modifier 66 (Surgical Team) is used when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons on a single, highly complex procedure. The AMA defines it for use when a surgical team — often composed of…- Use modifier 66 when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons working collaboratively as a surgical team on a single, highly complex or difficult procedure (for example organ…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…

    Showing 1–10 of 12

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    2084P0800X
    208000000X
    207RC0000X
    367500000X
    363L00000X
    364SP0810X
    163WH0200X
    2085R0203X

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    26 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    I20.0Unstable angina
    I21.3ST elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction of unspecified site
    I25.10Atherosclerotic heart disease of native coronary artery without angina pectoris
    I33.0Acute and subacute infective endocarditis
    I34.0Nonrheumatic mitral (valve) insufficiency
    I42.0Dilated cardiomyopathy
    I42.8Other cardiomyopathies
    I44.1Atrioventricular block, second degree
    I44.2Atrioventricular block, complete
    I45.6Pre-excitation syndrome

    Showing 1–10 of 26

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Anesthesiology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Dental Anesthesia ServicesProvidence Health Plan2026-10-01
    Anesthesia Services for Interventional Pain Management Procedures in an AdultCigna2026-09-15
    General Anesthesia and Conscious Sedation ServicesUnitedHealthcare2026-09-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Elective Inpatient Services (for Idaho Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-06-01
    Sites of Servicepriority health2026-06-01
    Coverage for Ambulatory Surgery Unit (ASU)/Outpatient Facility and Anesthesia for Dental Servicesuniverahealthcare2026-05-21

    Related Codes

    CPT-93600-HIS-BUNDLE-ELECTROGRAM-RECORDING

    CPT 93600: Electrogram Recording of Bundle of His

    CPT-93602-INTRACARDIAC-ATRIAL-ELECTROGRAM-RECORDING

    CPT 93602: Intracardiac Atrial Electrogram Recording

    CPT-93603-INTRACARDIAC-ELECTROGRAM-RECORDING-VENTRICLE

    CPT 93603: Intracardiac Electrogram Recording from Ventricular Chamber

    CPT-93609-ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY-MAPPING-INDUCED-ARRHYTHMIA

    CPT 93609: Electrophysiology Study with Arrhythmia Induction and Mapping

    CPT-93610-ATRIAL-PACING-ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY-EVALUATION

    CPT 93610: Atrial Pacing for Electrophysiology Evaluation

    CPT-93612-VENTRICULAR-PACING-DIAGNOSTIC

    CPT 93612: Ventricular Pacing During Electrophysiology Study

    CPT-93613-ELECTROANATOMIC-MAPPING-WITH-ARRHYTHMIA-INDUCTION

    CPT 93613: Electroanatomic Mapping for Arrhythmia Localization

    CPT-93615-ESOPHAGEAL-ELECTROGRAM-ELECTRODE-PLACEMENT

    CPT 93615: Esophageal Electrogram Recording of Atria

    CPT-93616-ESOPHAGEAL-ELECTROGRAM-PACING-ELECTRODE

    CPT 93616: Esophageal Atrial Pacing and Electrogram Recording

    CPT-93618-CATHETER-INSERTION-TO-INDUCE-ARRHYTHMIA

    CPT 93618: Catheter Insertion to Induce Arrhythmia

    Showing 1–10 of 28

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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