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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesBiofeedback Services and ProceduresCPT cpt-90901-biofeedback-training-self-regulation
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    CPT 90901: Biofeedback Training for Control of Involuntary Functions

    Medicare pays $43 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 90901 describes biofeedback training in which a provider trains a patient to control involuntary bodily functions (for example, altering brain activity, blood pressure, heart rate) by using monitoring and feedback techniques; service type: therapeutic training/behavioral medicine intervention; typical site of service: outpatient clinic or specialized biofeedback/behavioral health setting where monitoring equipment is available.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Skilled Nursing and Skilled Rehabilitation Services (Outpatient), Habilitation and Rehabilitation Therapy (Occupational, Physical, and Speech) (for New Mexico Only), Physical Therapy/Medicine Corporate Medical Policy.

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical adult patient presents to an outpatient behavioral health clinic for biofeedback training to manage chronic tension-type headaches and associated autonomic symptoms (episodic hypertension and tachycardia during pain episodes). The patient has been referred by their primary care physician after conservative therapies provided limited benefit. The provider (licensed biofeedback clinician or psychologist with biofeedback training, often under a physician referral) performs an initial evaluation, establishes baseline physiologic measures (heart rate, blood pressure, skin conductance, and electromyographic activity), and instructs the patient in techniques to voluntarily modify these involuntary functions. Training sessions are scheduled weekly for 30–60 minutes over multiple visits. During each session the clinician monitors physiologic feedback using instrumentation, provides real-time coaching, adjusts training parameters, documents progress and objective physiologic changes, and modifies home practice assignments. Typical sites of service include outpatient hospital departments, ambulatory surgery centers, and physician or behavioral health clinics equipped with biofeedback instrumentation. Billing uses 90901 for the biofeedback training service when documented objectives, monitored physiologic measurements, and active clinician training are provided.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    90901Biofeedback training to enable patient control of involuntary bodily functions through modification of brain activity, blood pressure, heart rate, and other normally involuntary physiologic functionsPrimary code describing the clinician-delivered biofeedback training session.
    90834Psychotherapy, 45 minutes with patientOften performed in conjunction with biofeedback when addressing stress, anxiety, or behavioral contributors to physiologic dysregulation; may be billed separately if documentation supports a distinct psychotherapy session.
    97110Therapeutic exercises to develop strength, endurance, range of motion and flexibilityMay be used when biofeedback is integrated into physical therapy programs targeting neuromuscular re-education.
    95970Electronic analysis of implanted neurostimulator pulse generator system (e.g., DBS)Not directly related but included here for device-based neuromodulation workflows when physiologic monitoring and device interrogation occur in the same care episode.
    99078Patient education, non-physician provider, group settingMay apply for documented group biofeedback education sessions; check payer policies for group education billing.

    Related Modifiers

    9 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    77Modifier 77 indicates that a previously performed procedure or service was legitimately repeated by a different physician or other qualified health care professional. The AMA’s CPT definition…- Use modifier 77 when a basic procedure or service already performed is repeated by a different physician or other qualified health care professional (for example, a second provider independently…
    95Modifier 95 indicates that a service was provided via synchronous, real‑time audio‑video telehealth rather than in‑person. Per CMS, AAPC and professional associations, append modifier 95 to claim…- Use modifier 95 to indicate a service was furnished via synchronous, real‑time audiovisual telehealth (a live audio‑video conference between patient and provider) rather than in‑person. - Pair…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    25CPT modifier 25 indicates that on the same day as another procedure or service, the same physician or other qualified health care professional provided a significant, separately identifiable…- When to apply: Use modifier 25 only on an E/M code to indicate the same provider delivered a significant, separately identifiable E/M service on the same day as another procedure or service — i.e.,…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    103K00000X
    103T00000X
    2084P0800X
    207Q00000X
    207R00000X
    2083A0100X
    207RI0001X
    320800000X

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Physical Medicine, Rehab & Therapies1 / 2

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Skilled Nursing and Skilled Rehabilitation Services (Outpatient)Anthem2026-10-01
    Habilitation and Rehabilitation Therapy (Occupational, Physical, and Speech) (for New Mexico Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-10-01
    Physical Therapy/Medicine Corporate Medical Policybcbsvermont2026-10-01
    Speech Language Pathology/Therapy Services Corporate Medical Policybcbsvermont2026-10-01
    Cognitive Rehabilitation Corporate Medical Policybcbsvermont2026-10-01
    Occupational Therapy Corporate Medical Policybcbsvermont2026-10-01
    Biomagnetic TherapyConnectiCare2026-09-11
    Habilitation and Rehabilitation Therapy (Occupational, Physical, and Speech) (for Idaho Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-09-01
    Rehabilitation Services (Physical, Occupational, and Speech Therapy)UnitedHealthcare2026-09-01
    Manipulative Therapy (for Tennessee Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-09-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-90912-THERAPEUTIC-BIOFEEDBACK-TRAINING-INCONTINENCE

    CPT 90912: Biofeedback Training for Fecal or Urinary Incontinence

    CPT-90913-BIOFEEDBACK-TRAINING-INCONTINENCE

    CPT 90913: Biofeedback Training for Fecal or Urinary Incontinence

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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