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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesIn Vivo (eg, Transcutaneous) Laboratory ProceduresCPT cpt-88749-unlisted-in-vivo-laboratory-service
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    CPT 88749: Unlisted In Vivo Laboratory Service

    CPT code 88749 reports an unlisted in vivo laboratory service used when a specific in vivo test does not have its own CPT code; it represents a laboratory in vivo procedure performed typically in a clinical or hospital laboratory setting or at the point of care and is billed as an unlisted laboratory service for documentation and claims processing.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Oral Cancer Screening and Testing, RTM Testing for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency, Cytochrome P450 Genotype-Guided Treatment Strategy Corporate Medical Policy.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A clinical laboratory receives a request to perform an in vivo diagnostic test that does not have an established CPT code. The patient is a 56-year-old oncology patient undergoing evaluation for suspected treatment-related marrow toxicity. The ordering clinician requests a specialized in vivo assay to measure biologic response markers following administration of a study agent. The workflow: the clinician documents medical necessity and specific test methodology in the order; the specimen or patient encounter is processed in a hospital clinical laboratory or an independent diagnostic testing facility; the laboratory performs the custom in vivo assay and generates a formal report. Billing uses 88749 as an unlisted in vivo laboratory service. Documentation includes the report, methodology, time/date, physician or laboratory professional who performed or interpreted the assay, and any written justification for use of an unlisted code for payer review. Insurance adjudication may require submission of procedural details, test validation data, and a comparable code or cost report for pricing determination.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    88305Level IV surgical pathology, gross and microscopic examinationMay be performed when an in vivo biologic assay results require tissue correlation or further pathologic analysis.
    80053Comprehensive metabolic panelCommonly ordered before or after in vivo assays to assess baseline metabolic status and monitor for procedure-related effects.
    86308Immunoassay for therapeutic drug; quantitativeMay be used alongside in vivo testing when measuring circulating biomarkers or drug levels related to the assay.
    87400Infectious agent antigen detection; immunoassay with direct optical observationPerformed in conjunction when in vivo assays aim to detect specific antigens in blood or tissue samples.
    89250Semen analysis; post vasectomy, presence and quantitation of spermatozoaExample of specialized laboratory test coding; included as an analogous unlisted-lab context where specific procedural detail and reporting drive billing when no exact code exists.

    Related Modifiers

    8 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    55Modifier –55 indicates the billing provider furnished only postoperative management for a procedure that has a global surgical period. According to AAPC, this modifier is appended to the same CPT…- Use modifier -55 when billing the same CPT surgical code that has a 10- or 90-day global period and you, as a provider other than the original surgeon, furnished ONLY postoperative management (no…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    77Modifier 77 indicates that a previously performed procedure or service was legitimately repeated by a different physician or other qualified health care professional. The AMA’s CPT definition…- Use modifier 77 when a basic procedure or service already performed is repeated by a different physician or other qualified health care professional (for example, a second provider independently…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    207P00000X
    207L00000X
    363LP0808X
    2084N0008X
    175F00000X
    246XC2901X
    261QR1100X
    2083P0901X

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Genetic & Molecular Testing1 / 2

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Oral Cancer Screening and TestingOscar Health2027-01-01
    RTM Testing for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin DeficiencyOscar Health2027-01-01
    Cytochrome P450 Genotype-Guided Treatment Strategy Corporate Medical Policybcbsvermont2027-01-01
    Carrier Testing Panels for Genetic Diseases (for Kentucky Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-10-01
    Genetic Testing for Neurological Disorders (for Kansas Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-10-01
    Genetic and Molecular TestingProvidence Health Plan2026-10-01
    Cell-Free Fetal DNA Testing (for Idaho Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-10-01
    Next Generation Sequencing for Minimal Residual Disease DetectionProvidence Health Plan2026-10-01
    Pharmacogenetic Panel Testing (for Kansas Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-10-01
    Non-Covered Genetic Panel TestsProvidence Health Plan2026-10-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-88720-NONINVASIVE-BILIRUBIN-MEASUREMENT

    CPT 88720: Transcutaneous Bilirubin Measurement

    CPT-88738-TRANSCUTANEOUS-HEMOGLOBIN-MEASUREMENT

    CPT 88738: Transcutaneous Hemoglobin Measurement

    CPT-88740-TRANSCUTANEOUS-CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN-QUANTITATIVE

    CPT 88740: Transcutaneous Measurement of Carboxyhemoglobin

    CPT-88741-TRANSCUTANEOUS-METHEMOGLOBIN-MEASUREMENT

    CPT 88741: Transcutaneous Quantitative Methemoglobin Measurement

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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