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    v1.0.28
    OpenPayerBilling CodesInfectious Agent Antigen DetectionCPT cpt-87278-legionella-pneumophila-antigen-immunofluorescence
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    CPT 87278: Legionella pneumophila Antigen Immunofluorescence

    CPT code 87278 represents a laboratory test for detection of Legionella pneumophila antigens using immunofluorescent antibody staining and fluorescence microscopy; the service is a microbiology/infectious disease antigen detection procedure typically performed in a clinical laboratory or hospital microbiology lab and reported when a laboratory analyst performs the antigen stain and microscopic interpretation for Legionella species.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: B-Hemolytic Streptococcus Testing, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) — Coverage Criteria for Testing and Resistance Assays, Hepatitis Testing (A, B, C, D) Coverage Criteria.

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 67-year-old man presents to the emergency department with acute onset fever, productive cough, shortness of breath, and pleuritic chest pain after recent hotel stay with reports of a broken cooling tower. Chest radiograph shows a lobar consolidation and the clinician suspects Legionnaires' disease. A respiratory specimen (sputum or bronchoscopic wash) is submitted to the hospital microbiology laboratory. The lab analyst performs an immunofluorescent antibody stain and fluorescence microscopy to detect Legionella pneumophila antigen, documented and billed using 87278. The workflow includes specimen accessioning, fixation and staining with Legionella-specific fluorescent antibodies, microscopic examination, result interpretation and reporting to the ordering provider and infection control. Results guide targeted antibiotic therapy and public health reporting to local health departments when positive.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    87070Culture, bacterial; any other source except urine, blood, or stool, aerobic, with isolation and presumptive identification of isolatesBacterial culture performed on respiratory specimens for broader pathogen detection alongside immunofluorescent testing for Legionella.
    87449Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); Legionella, amplified probe techniqueMolecular testing for Legionella species that can be performed in parallel or as confirmatory testing to 87278.
    87490Infectious agent antigen detection by immunoassay technique, multiple-step method; Legionella pneumophilaAlternative immunoassay-based antigen detection that may be used instead of or in addition to immunofluorescent staining.
    87046Culture, bacterial; each source, urine, aerobic, with isolation and presumptive identificationUrine antigen tests and cultures may be part of diagnostic workup; culture codes reflect organism isolation efforts.
    87631Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), amplified probe techniqueRespiratory pathogen panel or additional molecular tests often ordered concurrently in patients with pneumonia symptoms.

    Related Modifiers

    7 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    90Modifier ‑90 (Reference/Outside Laboratory) indicates that a laboratory test was performed by an entity other than the treating or reporting provider. The American Medical Association defines…- Use CPT modifier -90 when a laboratory test is performed by an outside/reference laboratory (an entity other than the treating or reporting physician or qualified professional) and the claim needs…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy CodeSpecialtyNotes
    207RH0000XHematology (Internal Medicine) PhysicianAn internist with additional training who specializes in diseases of the blood, spleen and lymph. This specialist treats conditions such as anemia, cl…
    261QP2300XPrimary Care Clinic/CenterAmbulatory Health Care Facilities · Clinic/Center
    305R00000XPreferred Provider OrganizationA group of physicians and/or hospitals who contract with an employer to provide services to their employees. In a PPO, the patient may got to the phys…
    261QS0132XOphthalmologic Surgery Clinic/CenterAmbulatory Health Care Facilities · Clinic/Center
    261QD0000XDental Clinic/CenterAmbulatory Health Care Facilities · Clinic/Center
    2085R0205XRadiological Physics PhysicianA radiological physicist deals with the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of roentgen rays, gamma rays from sealed sources, ultrasonic radiation…
    207QS0010XSports Medicine (Family Medicine) PhysicianA family medicine physician that is trained to be responsible for continuous care in the field of sports medicine, not only for the enhancement of hea…
    103TP2701XGroup Psychotherapy PsychologistA psychologist who specializes in group psychology and group psychotherapy that is an evidenced-based specialty that prepares group leaders to identif…

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    28 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    A48.1Legionnaires' disease
    A48.2Nonpneumonic Legionnaires' disease [Pontiac fever]
    B95.5Unspecified streptococcus as the cause of diseases classified elsewhere
    J00Acute nasopharyngitis [common cold]
    J02.9Acute pharyngitis, unspecified
    J03.90Acute tonsillitis, unspecified
    J06.9Acute upper respiratory infection, unspecified
    J12.89Other viral pneumonia
    J13Pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae
    J14Pneumonia due to Hemophilus influenzae

    Showing 1–10 of 28

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Infectious Disease1 / 3

    9 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    B-Hemolytic Streptococcus TestingOscar Health2026-10-01
    Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) — Coverage Criteria for Testing and Resistance AssaysOscar Health2026-10-01
    Hepatitis Testing (A, B, C, D) Coverage CriteriaOscar Health2026-10-01
    Lyme Disease Testing Coverage CriteriaOscar Health2026-10-01
    Pathogen Panel TestingOscar Health2026-10-01
    Diagnostic Testing of Common Sexually Transmitted InfectionsOscar Health2026-10-01
    Testing for Vector-Borne InfectionsOscar Health2026-10-01
    Coronavirus Testing in the Outpatient SettingOscar Health2026-10-01
    Testing for Diagnosis of Active or Latent TuberculosisOscar Health2026-10-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-87260-ADENOVIRUS-IMMUNOFLUORESCENT-ANTIGEN-DETECTION

    CPT 87260: Adenovirus Antigen Detection by Immunofluorescence

    CPT-87265-BORDETELLA-IMMUNOFLUORESCENT-ANTIGEN-DETECTION

    CPT 87265: Bordetella Antigen Detection by Immunofluorescence

    CPT-87267-ENTEROVIRUS-DFA-ANTIGEN-DETECTION

    CPT 87267: Enterovirus Antigen Detection by DFA

    CPT-87269-GIARDIA-IMMUNOFLUORESCENT-ANTIGEN-DETECTION

    CPT 87269: Giardia Antigen Detection by Immunofluorescence

    CPT-87270-CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS-IMMUNOFLUORESCENT-ANTIGEN-DETECTION

    CPT 87270: Chlamydia trachomatis Antigen Detection by Immunofluorescence

    CPT-87271-CMV-DFA-ANTIGEN-DETECTION

    CPT 87271: CMV Antigen Detection by Direct Fluorescent Antibody

    CPT-87272-CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-IMMUNOFLUORESCENT-ANTIGEN-DETECTION

    CPT 87272: Cryptosporidium Antigen Immunofluorescent Test

    CPT-87273-HSV-2-ANTIGEN-IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE

    CPT 87273: HSV-2 Antigen Detection by Immunofluorescence

    CPT-87274-HSV-1-ANTIGEN-IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE

    CPT 87274: HSV-1 Antigen Detection by Immunofluorescence

    CPT-87275-INFLUENZA-B-IMMUNOFLUORESCENT-ANTIGEN-DETECTION

    CPT 87275: Influenza B Antigen Detection by Immunofluorescence

    Showing 1–10 of 167

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    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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